Saturated steam condenses immediately it meets the object to be disinfected, and gives out its latent heat; superheated steam acts by conduction, and not uniformly throughout the object.
The writer has isolated these and grown them in pure culture as follows: The nodules are removed, if possible at an early stage in their growth, and placed for a few minutes in a steam steriliser.
We may turn from these general principles to mention shortly some of the types of steam disinfectors most commonly in use.
Professor Delépine has pointed out[102] that a current of steam at low pressure may completely disinfect.
Reck's apparatus is another kind of saturated steam disinfector, which resembles the Equifex, but differs from it in employing steamas a current.
When the steam has passed for a sufficient length of time, it is readily diverted into the open air.
The steam is not confined under any pressure except that of the atmosphere.
Many experiments have been performed with this apparatus, and there is now a large amount of evidence in favour of it and current steam disinfection.
Whilst such simple current-steam machines have thus been demonstrated as efficient bactericides, for all practical purposes it is important to have disinfectors capable of giving temperatures considerably above 100° C.
Hence in reality "steam at any temperature whatever may be a vapour proper, provided the pressure is such as prevents the liquid from boiling below that temperature.
It had been Vaiti's design to dismiss them in peace by and by, assured that their compliance had saved their lives, and anxious to make steam out of Sulphur Bay as soon as was reasonably possible.
But if we clap on all steam we may get there yet on Wednesday morning," I continued, consulting my watch.
As soon as we're clear, we'll steam ahead full pelt again, and risk going ashore sooner than leave these poor folks on the island to be cruelly massacred.
The busy wharves of the Leichardt's Land Steam Navigation Company--familiarly, the L.
She did not wait for her own theory of Free-trade to work out its legitimate results, but forthwith stimulated the growth of her steam marine by the most enormous bounties ever paid by any nation to any enterprise.
When steambegan to compete with sail she saw her advantage.
On the night of the 27th, having prepared my steam launch, I proceeded up towards Plymouth with thirteen officers and men, partly volunteers from the squadron.
We have just left our moorings, and as I write, we are moving under steam and sail, out of Boston harbor.
I am an officer on board of the splendid steam frigate, Minnesota.
Of course, the train began at once to steam back, but even as it did so a volley was poured on it from the enemy.
The occupant may find himself surrounded by a party of the enemy before he has been a mile out from his base; he may find the rail cut behind him; he may steam straight into an ambush at any moment, or be blown up before he can wink.
The Euphrates flows through the town, and is about two hundred yards wide and fifteen feet deep; a noble stream, with a gentle current, admirably fitted for steam navigation.
The introduction of steam was, in Mr. Sewell's estimation, a fatal error.
The whole country has been sort o' retrograding ever sence steam was invented.
I left Navuso by steam launch which called at the large sugar-mills a little lower down, and reached Suva that afternoon, feeling very fit after one of the most enjoyable and interesting expeditions that I ever made.
So one morning at six o'clock we boarded a large steam launch with a party of the Rangers, mentioned above, as the Rajah's troops.
I left Suva with Masirewa on the morning of October 12th, and after a short sea voyage of three or four hours on a small steam launch, we arrived at the village of Navua.
I felt like a high-pressure engine with extra steam on and the safety-valve screwed down.
At the same time two or three hauled out the steam fire-engine and yoked the horses.
Here we picked up Hogvardt and embarked on the smart little steam yacht which he had procured for me.
Now I perceived that hersteam launch lay by her side and smoke poured from its funnel.
The yacht was to have her steam up ready to start by the time I returned.
In the figure the piston is just about to commence its outstroke, the movement of the steam is supposed to be represented by the arrows; the inner steam valve s, and the outer exhaust e', are just beginning to open.
High pressuresteam indeed is just low pressure steam forced into a less space, and the pressure will always be great in the proportion in which the space is contracted.
Steam will therefore be admitted above the piston and the steam or air which had previously filled the cylinder below the piston will be drawn off to the condenser.
The moving part of the valve, too, instead of being a perfect cylinder, is bulged outward in the middle, so as to permit the steam to escape past the stationary piston when the cylindrical part of the valve is raised.
Not necessarily so, and it has now been introduced into a good number of steam vessels with satisfactory results.
If the vessel requires new boilers, the best course of procedure would be to work a single engine giving motion to the screw with high pressure steam, and to let the waste steam from the high pressure engine work the paddle engines.
In locomotive boilers, the rise of the water level due to the rapid generation of steam is termed "false water.
Before an engine can be started, it has to be blown through with steam to displace the air within it, and this cannot be effectually done if the pressure of the steam be very low.
Is this rule applicable to the chimneys of steam vessels?
The waste steam of the close kettle, moreover, can be economically employed in communicating heat to water or weak worts; whereas the exhalations from an open pan would prove a nuisance, and would need to be carried off by a hood.
A direct fire is more economical than heating steam pipes, where there is only one or two baths to heat, or where the labours are often suspended.
A part of the bed at e, is made hollow, for the purpose of forming a steam box, into which steam from a boiler is introduced by a pipe with a stop-cock.
The fruits must be crushed, squeezed in bags to expel the juices, which must then be inspissated either over the naked fire, or on a water or steam bath, in the air or in vacuo.
The flames resulting from chemical change soon leap out, and flicker, and flare, and presently the water too becomes agitated, and boils with energetic motion, and steam rushes up into the air.
When the water employed in a steam engine is made to boil, the heat that causes the boiling issues from the coal, because that substance ceases to be coal, and turns into smoke and vapor.
The attendants now cooked our supper in a crevice from which steam issued, and, after doing ample justice to their labors in this volcanic cuisine, I again walked to the edge of the crater, accompanied by Toleho.
It is heated gently by a steam coil, to about 90° Fahr.
They have a strange notion that at this period, men and women are so overcharged with vicious propensities, that it is absolutely necessary for the safety of the person to let off steam by allowing for a time full vent to the passions.
At the same time one of the men fired a shot into the fire; and as the cloud of steam rose it received the other shot, which was supposed to finish Tuna for the time being.
Some years ago a very fine model of a lanchang, with its cargo of sickness, was towed down the river to sea by the Government steam launch.
One was in charge of all the electrical installation at the Summer Palace, and the other, her private steam launch.
When Her Majesty had completely recovered from her illness she used to go out on the lake a great deal, sometimes in an open boat and at other times in a steam launch.
At midday it is cold, and warm at night, so warm that a steam rises from it, just as it does when a kettle boils on the fire.
A mist-dimmed sun shone out, watery, but potent, and in an instant gaining strength, it dried the streets and made a hot steam rise up from the crowd.
Here his tormentors had stopped; why, he could not tell until he began to keep tally of what had passed his mouth: The long trains of cars had ceased; so had the snorting locomotives; so had the steam drills.
We were aboard the mission steamer, bound north under full steam and all sail.
I see you've steam up," said the captain of the coastal boat.
We're usin' twenty perr cent more steam for the same number of rrevolutions.
The chief engineer had given them all the steam they would take, and the propellers thrashed the water mightily, but the ship slowed, slowed.
