The crocodilian reptiles which existed in the earliest secondary epoch were similar in general structure to those now living, but exhibit slight differences in their vertebræ, nasal passages, and one or two other points.
It is surprising how much Aëtius has with regard to such nasal affections as polyps and ulcers and bleedings from the nose.
In the treatment of nasalpolyps he says that whenever drug treatment of these is not successful, they should be removed with a snare made of hair.
This is ingenious but eminently dangerous because of the infectious material contained in the nasal and oral cavities, so likely to be forced by such pressure into the skull.
Nasal polyps were to be grasped with a sharp tenaculum, cum tenacillis acutis, and either wholly or partially extracted.
In all these manipulations in the nose Arculanus recommends that the nose should be held well open by means of a nasal speculum.
The mild errhines are such as moderately stimulate the membrane of the nostrils, so as to increase the secretion of nasal mucus; as is seen in those, who are habituated to take snuff.
First, the nasal duct of the lacrymal sac is excited into increased action by some pleasurable or painful idea, as described in Sect.
Thus when the absorption of the tears by the puncta lacrymalia is much increased by the stimulus of snuff; or of an affecting idea, on the nasal dusts, as explained in Sect.
Violent errhines invert the nasal lymphatics, and those of the frontal and maxillary sinuses.
An instance of the second is in the sympathy between the excretory duct of the lacrymal gland, and the nasal duct of the lacrymal sack.
The development of the bridge of the nose is no doubt directly connected with the development of the front of the cerebral part of the skull and ethmoid bone, which sooner or later carries the nasal bones with it.
Chapin says: "Probably the chief vehicle for the conveyance of nasal and oral secretion from one to another is the fingers.
The odor of the breath may be foul from decay or neglect of the teeth, from indigestion, constipation, nasal catarrh, or special diseases.
Early symptoms include fever, sore throat, and nasal discharge, and the trouble at first often resembles a severe cold.
In the Horse and its allies (Equidae) the facial portion of the skull is very large as compared with the cranial portion, the nasals and nasal cavities being specially large.
Rhinoceros horns may be either one or two in number, and are borne on the fronto-nasal region of the skull.
Membrane bones are specially developed on the roof of the skull where they include the parietal, frontal, and nasal bones.
At a very early stage of development involutions of the surface epiblast give rise to the three pairs of special sense organs--the olfactory or nasal organs in front, the optic in the middle, and the auditory behind.
The posterior nares are placed very far back, the nasal passages being as in mammals separated from the mouth by the long secondary palate.
Among extinct forms related to the Suina, Cyclopidius is noticeable for having large vacuities in the lachrymo-nasal region, while Cotylops has the postorbital bar complete; both these forms are from the North American Miocene.
The nasal bones and cavities are large, attaining their maximum development in the Porcupines (fig.
The nasals are long and narrow, as are the nasal processes of the premaxillae, which do not however reach the frontals.
The premaxillae have a large share in bounding the external nasal openings or anterior nares.
In Cassowaries the fronto-nasal region of the skull is produced into an enormous bony crest, and in Hornbills a somewhat similar structure occurs.
Each forms part of the posterior boundary of one of the anterior nares, and the two are separated from one another in the middle line by the nasal process of the premaxillae (fig.
Owen's Chameleon bears three epidermal horns, one arising from the nasal and two from the frontal region.
Weiderhofer advises artificial nourishment, by way of a funnel inserted in the nasal passages, in case the child should refuse to swallow.
The best plan under such circumstances is to pass a catheter into the stomach through the larger of the two nasal passages, and retain it in position unless its presence interferes too much with respiration.
This predisposition to diarrhoea lasting through a lifetime is analogous to the tendency to inflammation of the nasal and other mucous membranes.
If regurgitation of hot air or of caustic fluids takes place through thenasal passages, the injury will of course involve those regions.
Many persons in consequence of taking cold invariably have diarrhoea, while others as invariably have nasal catarrh or bronchitis.
The palate may become adherent by its sides, and by more or less of its posterior surface, to the pharynx, sometimes resulting in complete occlusion of the nasal portion of the pharynx.
NAR'ICORN, the horny nasal sheath of the beak of some birds.
Have you an excessive secretion of mucus or matter in the nasal passages, which must either be blown from the nose, or drop back behind the palate, or hawked or snuffed backward to the throat?
This arises from the nasal surface of the ball, and its tendon passes into the somewhat imperfectly transparent nictitating membrane.
Phalacrocoracidae), and especially in Sula, where the nasal slits become completely closed up, and the greater portion of the nasal cavity is also abolished, being restricted to the olfactory region with its unusually wide choanae.
The secretions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, and a pair of naso-lacrymal glands (not to be confounded with the Harderian and the lacrymal glands), moisten and clean the chamber.
The nasal septum is often more or less incomplete, producing nares peniae, e.
The olfactory perceptive membrane is restricted to the posterior innermost region of the nasal chamber, where it covers a slight bulging-out prominence on the nasal wall.
Many birds possess besides this temporal fovea a second fovea nearer the nasal side.
The nasal cavity communicates with the mouth by the choanae or posterior nares, situated between the palatine process of the maxillary, the palatine and the vomer.
Primus of Babenhausen asserts, that the saffronised tincture of opium (of the Prussian Pharmacopœia) possesses the property of gradually destroying nasal polypi when applied to them.
The nasal indexes of the thirty-two men show that the Bontoc man has the "medium" or mesorhine nose.
The most useful instrument for intracranial operations upon animals is the small nasal trephine (Curtis) having a tooth cutting circle of 7 mm.
Through a hole in one side introduce the nozzle of some simple spraying apparatus, such as is used for nasal medicaments.
These facial sinuses have but a limited and kind of valvular opening into the nasal chambers, and if pus is allowed to remain within them there is little hope of cure: therefore a means must be found for its escape.
It consists of a series of grunts and groans, or of nasal notes in a bass key, or of falsetto in a high one.
Then, seated in a semicircle, the priests of Buddha begin to chant the morning orisons, droning in a nasal tone, and with the accompanying tom-tom of a drum.
Of the remarkably long nasal appendages of this peculiar porcine species he adds, "They do say that they'll root under a fence and steal potatoes from the third row!
Information was received from Arapaho and Cheyenne Indians, who visited Washington in 1880, that this sign is also used to designate the Caddos, who practiced the same custom of perforating the nasal septum.
Sharpness of the nasal organ is popularly associated with subtlety and finesse.
Words can end with no consonant but the most rounded of all, the nasal liquids n and ng.
It is also sometimes met with involving the hair follicles just within the nasal orifice, and may even be limited to this region.
Marked disfigurement and closure, partial or complete, of the nasal orifices gradually results.
Upon the upper lip it may have its origin in a nasal catarrh.
Probably he needed the air," the Marchesa observed, in her unruffled, nasal drawl.
Her gruff nasal voice was pitched in the same calm tone to the guests and to the dog.
Franco entered the room as the nasal voice was repeating the sweet words: "Ave Maria, gratia plena," with that drawling unction which always inspired him with a wild desire to become a Turk.
The Aide-de-camp had copied from his master the nasal intonation, the absence of gesture, the fixed attitude on the edge of the seat with the bowed arm against the side.
