The strength of this dry pepsin is now ascertained by finding how much coagulated albumen it will dissolve at a temperature of 100 deg.
Pepsin (Bullock and Reynolds) and oxalate of cerium are said to be most valuable remedies in the sickness of pregnancy.
By operating in this matter I have obtained a pepsin which dissolves in acidulated water to quite a clear colourless liquid, but as it still contains traces of salt, I prefer to call it purified pepsin.
Gradually the usefulness of this preparation of pepsin of the pig was found out, and it had to be prepared in increasing quantities.
The solution made with thispepsin and hydrochloric acid was nearly tasteless and inodorous.
The Consolidated Pepsinpeople were cutting in severely.
That is all--except that the next offer of Consolidated Pepsin was, "Will you please name your own terms?
Both rennet extract and pepsin are used as medicine.
The pepsin or gastric juice is more potent at blood heat, and this pepsin or rennet is what does the work.
The stomach will then be empty and clean and well stored withpepsin for the digestion of the next meal.
The activity of pepsin does not become manifest until there is about 0.
Still further, the development of this acid is necessary for the digestive activity of the pepsin in the rennet extract.
Glycerite ofpepsin (20%) in alcohol and sherry wine.
Glycerite of pepsin (20%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron.
The addition of rennet extract or pepsin to fresh milk does not produce this change, unless the acidity of the milk is allowed to develop to a point which experience has shown to be the best adapted to the making of Cheddar cheese.
They have shown that the addition of increased quantities of rennet extract materially hastens the rate of ripening, and that this is due to the pepsin which is present in all commercial rennet extracts.
All articles of food are not, however, equally efficient in producing this effect: thus meat requires more pepsin for satisfactory digestion than bread, and consequently meat calls forth a larger quantity of gastric juice.
Moreover, sincepepsin is able to act only when an acid is present, the gastric mucous membrane also secretes hydrochloric acid.
It is probably richer in vegetable pepsin than any other plant in existence--a pepsin which neutralizes either alkaline or acid conditions in the stomach.
It is said that a tough steak, wrapped in the leaf of the papaya tree overnight, becomes tender as the result of the digestive action of the pepsin in it.
Furthermore, in conditions in which pancreatin is called for, pepsin is not, and vice versa; therefore the administration of mixtures of pepsin and pancreatin would be unjustified, even if both constituents could be expected to exert activity.
The Russell Company sells also a mixture called “Prepared Green Bone,” said to be made by partially digesting ground chicken bones with hydrochloric acid andpepsin and adding glycerin at the end of the digestion.
It should be reaffirmed that mixtures combining peptic and pancreatic activities are not feasible, because pepsin cannot act except in the presence of acid, and pancreatin is destroyed by acid and by peptic activity.
The claims made for Elixir Lactopeptine and all other liquid preparations sold as mixtures of pepsin and pancreatin are therefore impossible.
Amongst other wholly extraneous matters, the firm’s “reply” tried to resurrect the pepsin pancreatin controversy.
Turpentine, Carbolic Acid or Iodine or even Pepsin is indicated, that it will give satisfaction in each and every case.
A demonstration of tryptic activity in a mixture containing both pepsin and pancreatin is of merely theoretical interest.
The responses for pepsin were weak even when compared with those of old pepsin preparations.
Glycerine and Elixir Lactated Pepsinwith Aromatic Oils in the form of a perfect emulsion.
Our results in every respect confirm the findings of Lalou,[62] who worked with commercial pepsin and dog’s gastric juice, but are even more striking because of the much superior quality of pure human gastric juice.
We may, therefore, conclude that the ferment of Drosera is closely analogous to, or identical with, the pepsin of animals.
I first used the common pepsin sold for medicinal purposes, and afterwards some which was much purer, prepared for me by Dr.
Yet neither pepsin nor an acid by itself has any such power.
Some of the secretion was scraped off and examined under a high power; and it abounded with granules undistinguishable from those of pepsin left in water for the same length of time.
Lauder Brunton at my request endeavoured to ascertain whether pepsin with hydrochloric acid would digest pepsin, and as far as he could judge, it had no such power.
Defn: Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40º to 60º C.
Unlike the pepsin of the gastric juice, it acts in a neutral or alkaline fluid, and not only converts the albuminous matter of the food into soluble peptones, but also, in part, into leucin and tyrosin.
Good examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt.
The chemistry of casein[21] and of curd formation under the influence of acid and rennet extract and pepsin has been the subject of many years' research.
Now commercial rennet extract and pepsin are on the market; however, some Swiss cheese-makers prefer to make their own rennet extract.
Pepsin is on the market in several commercial forms, as a liquid, scale pepsin and in a granular form known as spongy pepsin.
Rennet extract and pepsin coagulation differs from coagulation by acids, and cannot be looked on as a simple removal of the base from a caseinate.
Rennet extract and pepsin are the only known substances which will produce curd of such character as will permit the desired ripening changes to take place.
With the inclusion of other feed, the secretion of pepsin comes to predominate.
Until recently, rennet extract was principally used to coagulate the milk, but because of the scarcity, pepsin is now being substituted.
Rennin at this stage appears to predominate over pepsin which is already secreted to some extent.
Rennet and pepsinpreparations vary in strength and in keeping quality.
For most varieties of cheese, sufficient rennet extract orpepsin is added to the milk to give a firm curd in twenty-five to forty minutes.
The manufacturers formerly stated that it contained fat, sugar, pepsin and iron in organic combination with albumin, and its use was advocated both as a food and as a medicine.
In addition to simple tablets containing pepsin and pancreatin only there is at present a host of “digestive tablets” on the market.
A comparison of these two “formulas” with those furnished for Veracolate and Veracolate with Pancreatin and Pepsin shows that they are nearly the same.
Among these are tablets consisting simply of pepsin and pancreatin.
Besides the liquid a goodly number of solid preparations, chiefly tablets, containing pepsinand pancreatin are offered to the profession.
Insufficient digestive power is most often due to a deficiency of hydrochloric acid and not to lack of pepsin in the stomach contents.
It is superior to the pepsin preparations since it acts with more certainty, and effects cures where they fail.
Furthermore, pepsin is limited in its action to the production of proteoses and peptones, while trypsin gives rise to a series of hydrolytic cleavages which result in the ultimate formation of comparatively simple bodies.
Exposure of either pepsin or trypsin to a high temperature, say 80° C.
The ferment pepsin can exert its maximum action only in the presence of free hydrochloric acid.
My own belief, therefore, is that these enzymes, both pepsin and trypsin, are proteid bodies closely related to the albumoses.
Consequently, we are to understand that in the living mucous membrane of the stomach there is little or no preformed pepsin present.
Why does pepsin act only on proteid matter, and ptyalin only on starch and dextrins?
Thus, while pepsin requires for its activity the presence of an acid, as 0.
Why, for example, does pepsin act on proteid matter only in the presence of acid, and trypsin to advantage only in the presence of alkalies?
Beat one egg to a froth, and sweeten with two teaspoonfuls of white sugar; add this to a half-pint of warm milk; then add one teaspoonful of essence of pepsin and let it stand until curdled.
Take a half-pint of fresh milk heated luke-warm (115 degrees), add one tablespoonful of essence of pepsin and stir just enough to mix.
Hare, of Philadelphia: Dilute Hydrochloric Acid 2 drams Essence of Pepsin 1 ounce Compound Tincture of Gentian enough to make 4 ounces Mix.
A good digestive is made as follows: Tincture of Leptandrin 1 ounce Tincture of Hydrastis 1 ounce Tincture of Colombo 1 ounce Wine of Pepsin 1 ounce Mix.
Take a half-pint of fresh milk; add one teaspoonful of Fairchild's Essence of Pepsinand stir just sufficiently to mix.
It contains a peculiar organic principle called pepsin [Footnote: Pepsin is prepared and sold as an article of commerce.
Experiments tend to prove that alcohol coagulates and precipitates thepepsin from the gastric juice, and so puts a stop to its great work in the process of digestion.
It is very insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either pepsin or trypsin.
Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40° to 60° C.
If such is found to be the case, the amount of nourishment should be diminished, and it will be well also to prescribe pepsin either in powder or in solution.
Of the solvent effect of pepsin I have not been able to convince myself so as to recommend it.
Such is the agency of ptyalin in the saliva, of pepsin in the gastric juice, and of pancreatin or trypsin in the secretion of the pancreas, in the processes of digestion.
While, therefore, iron is indicated, we must not neglect to pay particular attention to nutrition and digestion, and to aid the latter with pepsin and moderate amounts of muriatic acid, well diluted.
The hydrochloric acid and the pepsin are secreted by different cells, and could be considered as separate digestive juices, but as the action of one is dependent upon the other, I will consider these actions as one.
The secretion of pepsin went on in the remainder of the animal's stomach, but digested that portion of the stomach-wall which was receiving no blood supply; that is, secreting no antipepsin.
The chief distinction is that trypsin acts in an alkaline solution, while pepsin acts in an acid solution.
Trypsin is much more energetic in its digestive power than the pepsin of the gastric juice.
I have a bottle of pepsin that comes from the School of Chemistry at Montpellier.
They would obtain a product of the highest quality, for the carnivorous worm also owns its pepsin, pepsin of a singularly active kind, as the following experiments will show us.
No pig's or sheep's pepsin can rival that of the worm.
The reason is the failure of the pepsinto act on epidermic substances.
The value of chemist's pepsin is estimated by the quantity of hard-boiled white of egg which a gram of that agent can liquefy.
Does the coprinus digest itself by virtue of a pepsin similar to the maggots'?
This curious analogy of properties, positive for albuminous, negative for fatty matter, proclaims the similarity and perhaps the identity of the dissolvent discharged by the grubs and the pepsin of the higher animals.
The maggot ripe for burial perforates a membranous obstacle which the grub intent upon its broth would not even have attempted to attack with either its pepsinor its grapnels.
Here is another proof: the usual pepsin does not dissolve the epidermis, which is a material of a horny nature.
In the same way, ordinarypepsin does not attack fatty substances; it takes pancreatin to reduce them to an emulsion.
This phenomenon has been studied in connection with the zymogens of the digestive proteases, pepsin and trypsin.
Control feedings with an emulsion of one-half gram each of pepsin and pancreatin proved inactive.
The same amount of the dried plant was also similarly digested with pepsin and pancreatin and fed in two doses, but without the production of any symptoms, the rabbit gaining 60 grams in four days.
This amount of the plant was also extracted with water and the residue was then digested with pepsin and pancreatin in the thermostat, as in the previous case, and fed in two doses corresponding to 100 grams each.
When asked why this ferment was omitted from such preparations, the druggist confided to me in a whisper: "Pepsin is a drug that costs money, while diluted molasses is cheap.
I began taking syrup of pepsin to artificially digest my food and thus take some of the burden off my stomach.
A friendly druggist took sufficient interest in me to inform me that there was not enough pepsin in the ordinary digestive syrups and elixirs to digest a mosquito's dinner.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "pepsin" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
