When the Hemelytra are considered as divided into Areas, the Membrana might be denominated the Apical Area.
In Plea, in which there is no apical area, the posterior margins of the tegmina, as they ought rather to be termed, unite, but do not lap over each other.
The proportion that the membrana or apical area bears to the rest of the wing varies in the different tribes.
Hymenoptera and Diptera, and have their apical areolets circumscribed within the margin by a traversing nervure; in Flata, &c.
Each apophysis is crossed in itsapical half at right angles by two short parallel transverse rods.
All horizontal planes cutting the main axis at right angles are circles, and decrease more rapidly from the largest plane towards the basal than towards the apical pole.
The Androspyrida may be derived either from the Tholospyrida by the formation of a basal thorax, or from the Phormospyrida by the development of an apical galea.
On both poles of the main axis is a very strong, conical, apical spine, half as long as the main axis, on the base one-fourth as broad as the equatorial axis.
Panartida# with simple cortical shell and double medullary shell, with two opposite apical spines on both poles of the main axis, or with a group of polar spines.
Panartida# with double cortical shell and double medullary shell, on both poles of the main axis with two opposite apical spines, or with a bunch or circle of polar spines.
Outer cortical shell envelops only the proximal chambers and the basal half of the distal chambers, appearing as the direct continuation of the microporous covering of their apical half.
It {xxxix}is commonly placed excentrically, and most usually in the apical or aboral portion of the central capsule, either between its apex and the podoconus, or quite excentrically on the dorsal aspect.
Probably the myophriscs lie on the outer surface of the apical portion of this gelatinous cone, and are hence to be regarded as exoplasmic threads differentiated from the sarcodictyum.
Passing now to Ega on the Upper Amazons the general ground colour is a deep chestnut purple and the apical area of the fore wings presents a much mottled appearance (cf.
In Eastern Brazil the predominant pattern is one characterised by a yellow band across the hind wing and a white or yellow apical fore wing marking (cf.
The two halves of the body are similar, the posterior being somewhat shorter; the anterior half has seven equatorial plates, an oral plate, two lateral apical plates, and one or two dorsal plates.
The anterior half is composed of 3 equatorial and 3 apical plates, the latter being continued into the horn-like process.
Apical extremity drawn out Genus Podolampas into a tube Apical extremity not drawn out Genus Blepharocysta into a tube 11.
The posterior half is composed of 3 equatorial and one apical plate continued into the posterior horn.
Sessile forms resting on basal Dendrocometidæ surface or on a portion raised like a stalk; tentacles many; short and knobbed; distributed on apical surface or localized on branched arms h.
In connection with this subject, it should be borne in mind that the responsive curvature in the root takes place in the sub-apical growing zone which is separated by a certain distance from the tip.
Scales keel-shaped, with an apical pit, in from 19-31 rows; ventral scales rounded.
The head is covered with small shields or smooth or keeled scales, with or without apical pits.
The apical margin of the first segment of the abdomen rufo-fuscous.
Abdomen: the petiole and the following segment red, the base of the third also slightly red; the threeapical segments obscurely blue, with a thin glittering pile.
Abdomen smooth and shining; the apical margins of the intermediate segments slightly depressed, with the sides sericeous.
Abdomen: punctured and with a white fascia on the margins of the three basal segments; the two apical segments with very narrow fasciæ.
Abdomen smooth and sinning, covered with a thin silky pile, the apical margins with bright silvery fasciæ, only observable in certain lights.
Abdomen very smooth and shining, with theapical margins of the segments narrowly rufo-piceous; the posterior legs incrassate and dark rufo-piceous.
Abdomen delicately punctured; the apical margin of the first segment with a narrow yellow border slightly interrupted on each side; the apical segments with a thin cinereous pile.
Abdomen beautifully prismatic; the first and three following segments with a yellow fascia on their apical margins, the second and two following much attenuated in the middle, or the fourth interrupted.
According to the species, growth of the filaments may be apical, intercalary, or common to all cells, whereas among the more advanced members of the Brown Algae either apical or intercalary growth is characteristic of entire families.
A female from Kalacoon has brassy and coppery tints on the apical part of abdomen, and must be referred to E.
Hair of mesothorax and scutellum dark brown; apical part of abdomen with integument red Centris fusciventris Mocsary.
Notocirri tapering distad, with apical region slender and pointed; long, exceeding the width of the body and consisting of up to forty-five articles.
Appendage of setae with subapical tooth larger and stouter, more obtuse, than in alternata, making a wider angle with the apical tooth, and always conspicuous; the serrations proximad of the tooth fine and rather long.
A lateral apex of the pectoral lamina projects upward behind the axillary scale on each side, in the position occupied by the apical scale of adults.
Examination of a large series of specimens revealed that the apical scale of adults becomes separated from the lateral apex of the pectoral lamina at approximately the time when the hinge becomes functional as such.
The change of the lateral into an apical shoot occurs here in consequence of the loss of the true apical shoot, and is therefore really dependent upon it.
If the apical shoot of a young spruce fir be cut off, one of the lateral shoots of the whorl next below the section rises and becomes an apical shoot: it not only assumes the orthotropic growth of such a shoot, but also its mode of branching.
Peridium subglobose, membranaceous, dehiscent by a regular apical mouth; threads of the capillitium free, short, several times dichotomously branched.
Peridium membranaceous, dehiscent by a regular apical mouth; threads of the capillitium very long, much branched and interwoven.
The first three walls in this cell intersect one another, and define the three-sided pyramidal apical cell by means of which the shoot continues to grow.
With few exceptions the stem grows by means of a pyramidalapical cell cutting off three rows of segments.
In none of the liverworts does the sporogonium develop by means of an apical cell, as is the rule in mosses.
The spores on germination form a short germ-tube, in the terminal cell of which the apical cell is established, but the direction of growth of the young thallus is usually not in the same straight line as the germ-tube.
The development of the sporogonium proceeds in all cases (except in Sphagnum) by means of an apical cell cutting off two rows of segments.
In Fissidens and a few other mosses the apicalcell is two-sided.
Their growth proceeds by means of a two-sided apical cell, and the midrib does not become more than one cell thick until later.
The apical region, which has a single initial cell, is protected by mucilage secreted by the mucilage slits, which are small pit-like depressions between superficial cells of the lower surface.
In their germination a short filament of a few cells is usually developed, and the apical cell of the plant is established in the terminal cell.
A single archegonium may arise from the apical cell (Lejeunea); more commonly a number of others are formed from the surrounding segments.
The growth of the thallus proceeds by the regular segmentation of a single apical cell.
The germinating spore usually forms a short filament, but in other cases a flat plate of cells growing by a two-sided apical cell is first formed (Radula, Lejeunea).
The sporogonium developed from the fertilized ovum grows by means of a two-sided apical cell (fig.
D); the ambulacra thus formed are continuous from the peristome to the apical system of plates; the hydropore is connected with a definite plate of that system, and thus marks a secondary bilateral symmetry.
An anus is present either within the apicalsystem (endocyclic, fig.
For, if these radial constituents of the supposed apical system in an ophiurid have really some other origin, why can we not say the same of the supposed basals?
The coat of the inner ball is thin and papery, and opens by an apical mouth.
This genus includes puffballs with apical openings and is divided into two series, a purple-spored and an olive-spored series.
It opens by an apical mouth, as does the genus Lycoperdon, but the species of Bovista have no sterile base.
The growth of the leaves is almost identical with that of the stem, but the apical growth is limited, and the apical cell becomes finally very long and pointed (Fig.
The apices of the stem and leaves, being otherwise protected, develop segments only from the sides of the apical cell, the outer face never having segments cut off from it.
D, E, a), the apical cell growing to its original dimensions after each pair of segments is cut off.
Sooner or later the apical cell ceases to form regular segments and becomes indistinguishable from the other cells.
This from its position is called the "apical cell," and from it are derived all the tissues of the plant.
Its diameter is at first scarcely greater than that of the filament, but a series of walls, close together, are formed, so placed as to cut off a pyramidal cell at the top, forming the apical cell of the young moss plant.
Regular series of segments are cut off in succession from each of the four faces of the apical cell.
The tissues are developed from a singleapical cell, but it is difficult to obtain good sections through it.
The young antheridium has an apical cell giving rise to two series of segments (Fig.
The apical cell (a) is large and distinct, irregularly triangular in outline.
The tissues do not here arise from a single, apical cell, as we found in the pteridophytes, but from a group of cells (the shaded cells in Fig.
This apical cell has the form of a three-sided pyramid with the base upward.
Hence the leaves accelerate the growth of roots towards the basal end and inhibit it towards the apical end; and they favour the growth of shoots towards the apical end and inhibit it in the nodes located nearer the base.
If we remove all the leaves on such a piece of stem except the two at the apical end, the stem will form only roots, but these will develop much more rapidly than on a stem without leaves.
If we remove all the leaves except the two at the basal end, the stem will only form shoots (at the apical end) but these will develop much more rapidly than in a leafless stem.
Except for the presence of an apical organ, these anterior embryos are similar in their general features to the corresponding ones obtained in Dentalium.
When a piece of the stem of Bryophyllum is cut off and its leaves are removed, the two apical buds will grow out first.
The specimen has a vertical pupil, divided anal, 21 scale rows, and two apical pits.
Drepanoides and Tachymenis have elliptical pupils like those of Tantalophis, but Tachymenis has only one apical pit, and Drepanoides has one apical pit or none.
In order to limit the number of genera to be compared with Tantalophis, only those xenodontines having apical pits and bifurcate hemipenis are considered.
Apical growth was investigated by Naegeli and Leitgeb.
In Italy and south-east Europe a form with entirely black body and black wings occurs, and in Corsica a black form with reddish hairs on theapical segments.
Many species have the extreme apices of the segments pale, but with the apical integument so very thin, often looking nearly transparent and membranous, that its development would be very rapid.
Oblique apical view, with the enclosed central capsule, the nucleus of which contains numerous nucleoli.
Oblique apical view of the shell, with the quadrilobate central capsule enclosed.
Apical view of the shell, after removal of the cephalis.
