Visceral ganglion of the left side; opposite to it is the visceral ganglion of the right side, which gives off the long nerve to the olfactory ganglion and osphradium o.
Farther up, within the velar area, the rudiments of the cerebral nerve-ganglion ng are seen separating from the ectoderm.
Sub-intestinal ganglion on the course of the left visceral cord.
A, Abdominal ganglia in the streptoneurous visceral commissure, with supra- and sub-intestine ganglion on each side.
On account of the shortness of the visceral loop and the proximity of the right visceral ganglion to the oesophageal nerve-ring, the nerve to the osphradium and olfactory ganglion is very long.
Leydig, that the otocysts of Pectinibranchia even when lying close upon the pedal ganglion (as in fig.
A large ganglion becomes developed close to the root, which forms the rudiment of the Gasserian ganglion.
The partial separation, in many forms, of the ciliary ganglion from the stem of the third nerve has led to the erroneous view (disproved by the researches of Marshall and Schwalbe) that the ciliary ganglion belongs to the fifth nerve.
The nervous layer is derived from the optic ganglion which attaches itself to the inner side of the connective tissue layer.
The independent development of the supraoesophageal ganglion and ventral nerve-cord in Chaetopoda (vide Kleinenberg, Development of Lumbricus trapezoides) agrees very satisfactorily with this view.
The next stage was the separation of a deeper layer of the epidermis as a layer of ganglion cells from the superficial epithelial layer, i.
The praeoral lobe is usually the seat of a special thickening of epiblast, which gives rise to the supraoesophageal ganglion of the adult.
Lying close to the inner side of the otic vesicle is seen the cochlear ganglion GC; on the left side the auditory nerve G and its connection N with the hind-brain are also shewn.
The fore-brain is, as we have already seen, the original ganglion of the praeoral lobe.
The position of the ganglion in Mitraria corresponds closely with that of the auditory organ in Ctenophora; and it is not impossible that the two structures may have had a common origin.
It has been already stated that in my opinion the origin of the olfactory nerves from the fore-brain, which I hold to be the ganglion of the praeoral lobe, negatives this view.
At the side of the optic ganglion is a peculiar body, known as the white body (not shewn in the figure), which has the histological characters of glandular tissue.
The nervous ganglion at a later period becomes solid, and a median eye is subsequently formed as an outgrowth from it.
The sixth abdominal ganglion is larger than the rest, and is no doubt a complex, representing several coalesced posterior ganglia; it supplies large branches to the reproductive organs, rectum, and cerci.
Bundles of commissural fibres pass from the ganglion cells of one side of the cord to the peripheral nerves of the other.
Close behind the ganglion it bifurcates, the branches passing outwards and blending with the peripheral nerves.
The tentorium separates the brain or supra-œsophageal ganglion from the sub-œsophageal, while the connectives traverse its central plate.
The fibres connecting the second ganglion with the eye take a straight course in the young Cockroach, but partially decussate in the adult.
The sub-œsophageal ganglion gives off branches to the mandibles, maxillæ, and labrum.
The antennary lobes consist of a network of fine fibres enclosing ganglion cells, and surrounded by a layer of the same.
In the Cockroach, and some other of the lower Insects, the outermost ganglion is undeveloped.
Of the peripheral fibres, some are believed to pass direct to their place of distribution, while others traverse at least one complete segment and the corresponding ganglion before separating from the cord.
Each nerve forms two ganglia, one behind the other, and each ganglion sends a branch inwards to join the recurrent nerve.
All carefully performed experiments on the nervous system of Arthropoda have shown that each ganglion of the ventral chain is a motor centre, and in Insects a respiratory centre, for the somite to which it belongs.
The median nerve lies towards the dorsal side of the principal nerve-cord, crosses over the ganglion next behind, and receives a small branch from it.
This ganglion is situated in the region (pit of the stomach) where a blow gives severe suffering.
A, A, A, The semilunar ganglion and solar plexus, situated below the diaphragm and behind the stomach.
A ganglion is found upon each of the posterior roots in the openings between the bones of the spinal column through which the nerve passes.
With the exception of the neck, there is a ganglion for each intervertebral space.
Ganglion-like enlargements on nerves passing from the pedal ganglion to the inner series of tentacles.
The nerves from the visceral portion of the pleuro-visceral ganglion have the same course as in Nautilus, but no osphradial papilla is present.
Nerves from the pleural ganglion to the mantle-skirt.
The hinder band is the visceral and pleural pair fused; from its pleural portion nerves pass to the mantle, from its visceral portion nerves to the branchiae and genital ganglion (fig.
From each stellate ganglion nerves radiate to supply the powerful muscles of the mantle-skirt.
The special optic outgrowth of the cerebral ganglion, the opticalganglion (fig.
The nerve arises from the cerebral ganglion on each side and passes through the pedal ganglion.
A labial commissure arises by a double root from the cerebral ganglia and gives off a stomatogastric commissure, which passes under the pharynx immediately behind the radula and bears a buccal ganglion on either side.
Each lies at the side of the head, ventral to the eye, resting on the capito-pedal cartilage, and supported by the large auditory nerve which apparently arises from the pedalganglion but originates in the cerebral.
Genital ganglionplaced on the course of the large visceral nerve, just before it gives off its branchial and its osphradial branches.
The right stellate ganglion of the mantle connected by a nerve to the pleural portion.
The nerve is seen to be a bundle of axons, or nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue, while the ganglion is little more than a cluster of cell-bodies.
They are connected on either side by the right and left sympathetic nerves which extend vertically from ganglion to ganglion.
The axons lie side by side in the nerve, being surrounded by the same protective coverings, while the cell-bodies form a rounded mass or cluster, which is the ganglion (Fig.
In the ganglion of A are end-to-end connections of different neurons; in the ganglion of B are the cell-bodies of di-axonic neurons.
Fibers from theganglion cells pass into the optic nerve.
On the dorsal root of each spinal nerve is a small ganglion which is named, from its position, the dorsal-root ganglion.
These in turn communicate with nerve cells in a third layer, known as the ganglion cells, that send their fibers into the optic nerve (Fig.
Light waves stimulate the rods and cones at back surface of the retina, starting impulses which excite the ganglion cells at the front surface.
Several small shells of Pteropoda and fragments of Cephalopods were found in the stomach, on which was observed the large nervous ganglion found in all these, as well as in lower mollusks.
Their psychic and their physical dynamic is the same in the solar plexus and lumbar ganglion as in the two nuclei of the egg-cell.
The great sexual centers of the hypogastric plexus, and the immensely powerful sacral ganglion are slowly prepared, developed in a kind of prenatal gestation during childhood before puberty.
You've got a solar plexus, and a lumbarganglion not far from your liver, and I'm going to tell everybody.
And there is immediate response from the sacral ganglionin some male.
It is from the hypogastric plexus and the sacralganglion that the dark forces of manhood and womanhood sparkle.
It is from the lumbar ganglionthat the dynamic vibrations are emitted which thrill from the stomach and bowels, and promote the excremental function of digestion.
But this intense activity from the sacral ganglionis male: the sacral ganglion is at its highest intensity in the male.
Or it may be that my curiosity will be purely and simply the cold, almost cruel curiosity of the upper will, directed from the ganglion of the shoulders: such as is the acute attention of an experimental scientist.
And near the spine, by the wall of the shoulders, the thoracic ganglion acts as the powerful voluntary center of separateness and power, in the same vertical line as the lumbar ganglion, but horizontally so different.
And it is from the great voluntary center of the lumbar ganglion that the child asserts its distinction from the mother, the single identity of its own existence, and its power over its surroundings.
At the lumbar ganglion I know that I am I, in distinction from a whole universe, which is not as I am.
The upper centers, cardiac plexus and cervical plexuses, thoracic ganglion and cervical ganglia now assume positivity.
Here, and in the narrow neck of land between the Appomattox and the James, was the ganglion of the Confederacy, and the struggle for its possession was perhaps the greatest of modern history.
This cord is neither elastic nor solid, but consists of nerve tissue, fibres and ganglion cells, surrounding a small central canal.
The central ganglion of the nervous system lies in the proboscis sheath or septum.
The fifth ganglion is larger and longer than the three preceding ones, and gives off nerves to the fifth and sixth pair of cirri; it is clearly formed by the union of the fifth, with what ought to have formed a sixth ganglion.
As the infra-oesophageal ganglion sends nerves to the trophi and to the first pair of cirri, it must correspond to the segments, from the fourth to the ninth inclusive, of the archetype crustacean.
Accordingly woman has one instinct more than man; and the ganglion system is also much more developed in the woman.
The impressions of those agencies are carried to the ganglion by its centripetal fibres.
The registering or preserving action displayed by a ganglion may be considered as an effect, resembling that of the construction known as Ritter's secondary piles.
We will likely find a ganglion at which place all or much of one or both lungs are supplied.
If so, reduce sensation at all points connecting with bowels, stop all overplus, keep veins free and open from cutaneous to deep sensory ganglionof whole spine and abdomen.
To what ganglion of the spine would the finger of reason point, and say, "that is the cause of phthisis pulmonalis?
Through this ganglion it is that much Osteopathic work is done, and the purpose of this brief paper is to point out some of the many effects which may be produced by its stimulation or inhibition.
Every ganglion on the great chain of the sympathetic nerve has special and important functions, but upon the superior cervical falls the greatest burden of responsibility.
Anatomically we know that the superior cervical ganglion is situated in relation to the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae.
A and B, Ganglion cells from the cerebral cortex; in A the only slightly branched axon may extend the whole length of the spinal cord.
The cerebral ganglion also gives off a nerve on each side to a pair of small-ganglia, united by a median commissure, which have sunk into and control the muscles of the head.
The nervous system consists of a cerebralganglion in the head, a conspicuous ventral ganglion in the trunk, and of lateral commissures uniting these ganglia on each side.
Commissure uniting this with ventral ganglion (not shown in fig.
The form and disposition of the ganglion cells are also peculiar and closely similar in the two.
In the process of bringing these into relation, this ganglion must be subject to the influence of each--must undergo many changes.
In grasshoppers the auditory nerve, after entering the tibia, divides into two branches, one forming the supratympanal ganglion, the other descending to the tympanum and forming a ganglion known as Siebold's organ.
This last-mentioned ganglion is strikingly like the organ of Corti in our own ear, and undoubtedly serves a like purpose in the phenomenon of audition.
Again, the same number of snails were marked, after the base of the above-mentioned ganglion had been destroyed, and likewise set free.
The nervous system consists of a single ganglion situated below the gullet, and the eyes and tentacles are either rudimentary or absent.
The latter is wholly atrophied in the developed Ascidia, and looks like a small nerve-ganglion in front above the gill-crate.
They are the only living Vertebrates that have throughout life a chorda dorsalis and a neural string above it; the latter must be regarded as the prolongation of the cerebral ganglion and the equivalent of the medullary tube.
Behind these parts we find, between the cerebrum and cerebellum, a small ganglion composed of two prominences, which is called the corpus quadrigeminum on account of a superficial transverse fissure cutting across (Figures 2.
The cell-pit of the ectoderm that lies underneath is rather thick, and represents the first rudiment of a neural ganglion (vertical brain or acroganglion).
Probably this upper pharyngeal ganglion of the lower worms is the structure from which the complex central marrow of the higher animals has been evolved.
But then Burl struck home between two armor-plates where a ganglion was almost exposed.
For it is merely the minister of foreign affairs, as the ganglion system is the minister of the interior.
The insect brain is composed of a supra-oesophagal ganglion and infra-oesophagal one.
The superior ganglion gives off nerves to the antennae and eyes, the lower one to the mandibles, &c.
The pedal ganglionis made of right and left parts quite completely fused except at the margins.
In section the pedal ganglion at one place seems to be made up of four parts which may correspond to four connectives from the cerebro-pleural although only one pair of connectives was clearly determined.
Reconstruction of pedal ganglion of Malletia from the ventral side.
The pedal ganglion is small and much as in Nucula.
The upper ganglion is the cerebro-pleural with large nerves leading off from the ganglion which is itself lobed into four chief lobes.
In most sections it is very compact and a little more complicated in structure than the ganglion of Nucula.
It is especially from the condition in Nucula as described by Pelseneer '91, that the conception of the most anterior ganglion being composed of four ganglia, has its chief support.
Section through the body of Nucula showing the position of the cerebro-pleural ganglion cut through the center.
Drew '01, who has also studied Nucula, believes that the lobes of the ganglion in Nucula are superficial and that the four connectives coming from the ganglion may be interpreted in another way.
At the cephalic end of the cerebro-pleural ganglion the large ganglionic cords are in evidence.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "ganglion" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: brain; ganglion; nerve; neuron; plexus; synapse
