Digestive complications are due to impaired metabolism brought on by loss of energy in theVagus nerve.
In order to establish more unmistakably the symptomatic sympathetic connection between the Vagus and Influenza, it may be well to touch briefly upon the initial processes of metabolism and nerve production.
The Vagus nerve with which we have been dealing, is concerned with the expression of emotions such as these; and being so, was burned up rapidly with fervent heat--the flames of sorrow still with fasting fed.
Complications in the nervous system are consequent upon the degeneration of the whole Vagus tract.
E] The pamphlet, which also contains a chart of the Vagus in 2 colors, may be obtained either from the author or through any bookseller.
We have seen that irritation of the central end of the cut vagus will produce glycosuria.
This area corresponds with the vaso-motor centre, and with the roots of the pneumogastric or vagus nerve in the floor of the fourth ventricle; whence it was at first inferred that this nerve is the excitor nerve of glycosuria.
When the vagus is divided and the central extremity of the cut nerve is irritated, the secretion is also arrested, and remains checked {1114} for a long time.
The alternative method which Eulenburg suggests, but has not, so far, put in practice, is direct galvanization of the sympathetic and vagus in the neck.
It would appear more probable that both the latter pains, and also those of angina, are really connected with branches either of the vagus or of other spinal nerves.
For the plexus cardiacus receives spinal branches, both from the vagus and also (through the medium of the sympathetic ganglia of the neck) from the whole length of the cervical and the uppermost part of the dorsal cord-centres.
The vagus also is directly concerned with the deglutitory act, for swallowing is impossible if both vagi are cut.
The distribution of the vagus nerve finds its explanation in this derivation of the stomach.
Hence when the stomach develops from the foregut, as a specialized segment of the same, it is supplied by vagus branches.
In these cases some pathological condition is often found in another organ or set of organs, usually one of those connected with the vagus nerves.
These act upon the vagus so as to stimulate the heart, but above all they act upon the mind, and nothing so stimulates the heart as reawakened hope.
It is usually said that this action is a consequence of the reflex from the terminal filaments of the vagus nerve running back and reflected down again to the heart.
It is thought by some that this heart irregularity and palpitation is a reflex action due to irritation of the gastric terminal filaments of the vagus nerve reflected back along this nerve and affecting the heart.
Small doses cause slowing of the pulse through stimulation of the vagus and of the peripheral terminations of the vagus; in the heart the functional activity is later diminished.
The rate of the heart's beat is slowed, and the inhibitory power of the vagus arrested.
After death atrophy of the laryngeal muscles, wasting of the nervus recurrens, and atrophy of the ganglion cells of the vagus nucleus as also of the multipolar ganglion cells in the anterior horns of the spinal cord have been found.
Preyer noticed a striking difference in the symptoms after section of the vagus in animals, which varied according to whether the poison was administered by the lungs, or subcutaneously.
From the numerous experiments on animals which have been performed for the purpose of elucidating the action of atropine, it is clear that the terminations of the vagus in the heart muscle are first excited, and then paralysed.
The respiration is much quickened; this acceleration is due to an excitement of the vagus centre, since Salkowsky has shown that section of the vagus produces a retardation of the respiratory wave.
The poisoned heart, while still pulsating, cannot be arrested either by electrical stimulation of the vagus or by irritation of the sinus, nor when once arrested can any further contraction be excited in it.
The convulsions are considered to arise from an excitation of the medulla oblongata; the vagus centre is stimulated, and causes spasm of the glottis and slowing of the heart's action during the attack.
Small doses by exciting the vagus slow the pulse; larger doses quicken the pulse, and raise the arterial pressure.
Death never follows from heart-paralysis, although nicotine powerfully influences the heart's action, small doses exciting the terminations of the vagus in the heart, and causing a slowing of the beats.
Nicotine has a striking influence on the respiration, first quickening, then slowing, and lastly arresting the respiratory movements: section of the vagus is without influence on this action.
In the rabbit provided dissect on one side and demonstrate by means of flag-labels the main trunk of the vagus nerve, the phrenic nerve, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
By the common carotids will be found the large white vagus nerve, the greyish sympathetic, and a small branch of X.
The vagus may also be made out less distinctly, running "postero-ventrally" towards the heart.
The left vagus passes ventral to the aortic arch, and sends a branch (l.
Separate Spigelian lobe from stomach, and look for vagus nerve descending by oesophagus, solar plexus around the superior mesenteric artery, and thrown up very distinctly by the purple vena cava inferior beneath, and the splanchnic nerve.
In some cases, however, the process of involution fails to take place, and the gland may even undergo hyperplasia and exert pressure on the trachea, the great blood vessels, or the left vagus nerve and its recurrent branch.
The vagusand recurrent nerves have been successfully sutured after having been divided accidentally.
The vagus and vaso-motor centres are irritated, and this causes slowing of the pulse, contraction of the small arteries, and increase of the arterial tension which tends to maintain an adequate circulation in the vital centres in the medulla.
The laryngeal branches of the vagus may be divided and paralysis of the larynx ensue.
The vein is external and somewhat superficial to the artery, and the vagus nerve lies behind.
The probe should be passed all round the vein so as to make certain that it is freed from its sheath, and especially that it is separated from the vagus nerve which lies behind it.
Lying immediately behind the vein is the vagus nerve; the spinal accessory passes downwards and outwards behind it, and the glosso-pharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves forwards between the vein and the internal carotid artery.
Beneath this fascia is the carotid sheath, which encloses not only the carotid artery but the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve.
Also, if the operator be careless or inexperienced, he may injure the carotid artery or vagus nerve; in the former case the only thing to do is to ligature the artery above and below the wound.
Lying behind the vein may be seen the vagus nerve (Fig.
Longitudinal and horizontal section through the hind-brain at stage O, shewing the roots of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves in the brain.
It shews (1) the vagus commissure with branches on one side from the medulla: (2) the intestinal branch of the vagus giving off a nerve to the lateral line.
It should be noticed that there are only five strands indicated as springing from the spinal cord to form the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.
The section shews (1) the attachment of a branch of the vagus to the walls of the hind-brain.
A description of the part of this referring to the vagusand glossopharyngeal nerves is given at p.
The terminals of the vagus nerve are also stimulated, causing the heart to beat more slowly.
The initial hastening is due to a stimulation of the vagus terminals in the lung, as it does not occur if these nerves are previously divided.
Such a course would not be improbable when it is borne in mind how, in the frog, the augmentor nerves run with the inhibitory along the whole length of the vagus nerve.
Next anteriorly to the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves comes the facial nerve; a nerve which supplies the hyoid segment, or, rather, according to van Wijhe the two hyoid segments, for embryologically there is evidence of two segments.
The vagus never supplies the large intestine, the sacral nerves never supply the small intestine.
The great characteristic of the vertebrate branchial organs is their segmental arrangement and their innervation by the vagus group of nerves, i.
Associated with the large intestine is the bladder, the whole system arising from the original cloacal region; the vagus never supplies the bladder, its motor nerves belong to the sacral outflow.
The ventral series of segments give origin to the musculature supplied by the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.
Fredericq[261] states that caffein increases the irritability of the cardiac vagus and accelerates the appearance of pseudofatigue of the vagus which is produced by prolonged stimulation of the nerve.
The difference is that in rabbits the vagus normally exerts but little action on the heart, and the effect of its paralysis is consequently slight or hardly appreciable.
Then comes this frank admission, "Large doses paralyse the vagus nerve and the ends of sensory nerves.
The branches of the canal in the head are innervated for the most part by the fifth pair, and those of the trunk by the nervus lateralis of the vagus nerve.
It is still connected with the epidermis, and at its dorsal border an outgrowth on each side forming the root of the vagus nerve is present (vg).
They all become again united together by a second thick commissure, which is continued backwards as the intestinal branch of the vagus nerve.
The fifth nerve, the seventh nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the successive elements of the vagus nerve correspond with the posterior head-cavities.
These branches of the vagus are probably partially preserved in the ramifications of the intestinal stem of the vagus (Gegenbaur).
The, at first sight remarkable, distribution of thevagus nerve to the lateral line is probably to be explained in connection with the evolution of this organ.
Now to the point; suppose the vagus nerve should be oppressed to a condition to cut off part of the electricity, would we be surprised if the heart should be feeble in action.
Second, the vagus is now allowed full sway, and we will find slowing of the heartbeat.
While thevagus is inhibitory to the heart it is motor to the lungs.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "vagus" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
