The aortic and pulmonary valves are laid down in the ventral aorta, before it is divided into aorta and pulmonary artery, as four endocardial cushions; anterior, posterior and two lateral.
Thus, lesions of the mitral valve give rise to murmurs which are heard at the apex beat of the heart, and lesions of the aortic valves to murmurs which are heard over the aortic area, in the second right intercostal space.
The valves of the left side of the heart, the aorticand mitral valves, are affected far more commonly than those of the right side.
In affections of the aortic valve, the extra work falls on the left ventricle, which enlarges proportionately and undergoes hypertrophy.
The degree of hypertrophy of the left or right ventricle is thus, up to a certain point, a measure of the extent of the lesion of the aortic or mitral valve respectively.
The aortic valve has the same structure as the pulmonary, though the cusps are more massive.
The central fibrous body is a triangular mass of fibro-cartilage, situated between the two auriculo-ventricular and the aortic orifices.
That part of the ventricle just below the aortic valve, corresponding to the infundibulum on the right, is known as the aortic vestibule.
The lateral aortic glands drain the kidney, adrenal, testis, ovary, fundus of uterus and lateral abdominal walls.
The aortic glands are grouped all round the length of the aorta, and are divided into pre-, retro- and lateral aorticgroups (fig.
Only sufferers from aorticheart disease are likely to die without warning, and this form of the disease is comparatively rare.
One of its dangers was very clearly pointed out by the death of a young man, who in a cataleptic condition was subjected to certain strains upon his thorax which brought about the rupture of an aortic aneurism.
The aortic opening in the diaphragm seems to act as a flood gate, allowing only a certain amount of blood to flow through, and thus the abdominal aorta is protected to a great extent from the deleterious effects of increased pressure.
Some men are fortunate enough to come up for an examination for life insurance before an observant doctor who recognizes the palpable artery, makes out the beginning heart hypertrophy and the slightly accentuated second aortic sound.
On auscultation the second sound at the aortic cartilage is ringing, clear, and accentuated.
Aortic stenosis, the rarest of the valvular lesions, is practically always accompanied by high pressure picture.
Aortic stenosis is one of the rarest of the valvular lesions affecting the valves of the left heart, and should be diagnosed only when all factors, including the typical pulse tracings, are taken into consideration.
In regard to the liability to arteriosclerosis, this area stands second only to the aorticand coronary areas.
Aortic incompetence with hypertrophy and dilatation of left ventricle, the result of arteriosclerosis affecting the aortic valves.
There is often thickening and puckering of the aortic valves and of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve leading, at times, to actual insufficiency of the orifice.
It has been shown that in 85 per cent of cases of aortic insufficiency in persons, usually males, over forty-five years, who did not have chronic infective endocarditis, the Wassermann reaction was positive.
There are many cases of arteriosclerosis which lead to definite interference with the closure of the valves of the heart, particularly the aortic and the mitral.
Aortic incompetence that comes on late in life is generally the result of curling of the free margins of the valves caused by syphilitic arteriosclerosis.
The infection may extend up into the uterus at the menstrual period or just after parturition.
If, however, the blood is not oxygenated the circulation will not go on automatically.
That principle is positively one, not one by continuity as matter is.
A tuboovarian cyst is a hydrosalpinx in communication with an ovarian retention cyst, and a tuboovarian abscess is a like formation.
In women infection of the cervix uteri occurs in about 80 per cent.
More commonly only the surface of the ovary is affected, but frequently the infection gets into the body of the ovary and causes oophoritis.
In disease of the aortic valve the strain of child-bearing is on the left ventricle, but patients in this condition undergo labor more successfully than do those with mitral disease.
A combined mitral and aortic disease with great enlargement of the heart, heaving of the chest wall, and some protrusion makes pregnancy very dangerous.
Systolic murmurs at the base of the heart and an accentuated second aortic sound are quite common in pregnancy and may not be of grave importance.
Later, he has but four aortic origins, and a heart now divided into two chambers, like bony fishes; the optic lobes of his brain also having a very fish-like predominance in size.
Three chambers of the heart and three aortic origins follow, presenting a condition permanent in the batrachia; then two origins with enlarged hemispheres of the brain, as in reptiles.
Your heart has reached the stage of aortic valve stenosis where cardiac output no longer can keep up proportionately with vigorous exercise.
That's the final stop before open- heart surgery and a prosthetic aortic valve.
There's a clear aortic murmur now when your pulse goes up.
Camille, who had worked around the clock during her residency at Johns Hopkins, began feeling weak at Harvard and was diagnosed with acquired aortic stenosis.
Van de Vliet and Debra had carried out a special stem- cell procedure for her aortic stenosis, the first that they had attempted for that particular condition.
She had aortic valve stenosis, well along, the same condition that had precipitated the coronary destruction that took Camille from him.
Other than the aortic stenosis, she seems to be in superb shape, which is important.
What we are about to undertake here corresponds to what might almost be considered an aortic valve replacement, though it is done at the cellular level.
The formal name was rheumatoid aortic stenosis, a rare, almost freakish condition that had shaped her entire life.
The bottom line was, the damaged valve in her aortic ventricle was deteriorating even more rapidly than her regular physician, Dr.
Symptoms of pressure on the structures in the neck, similar to those produced by aortic aneurysm, occur.
Christopher Heath found that improvement followed ligation of the left common carotid in aneurysm of the transverse part of the aortic arch.
Test the sufficiency of the aortic and pulmonary valves by allowing a stream of water to flow into these vessels, the heart being held in a horizontal position and care being taken not to pull the valves open.
The left ventricle is similarly opened by an incision through its anterior wall which is prolonged upward through the aortic valve.
The condition, he says, was diffused and pronounced; 20 of these 82 showed aortic insufficiency.
We are combles with civilities, which Harry and Alice are to a certain extent enjoying, though I have to hang back and spend much of the time between my lectures in bed, to rest off the aortic distress which that operation gives.
I call it aortic because it feels like that, but I can get no information from the Drs.
The baths stir up my aortic feeling and make me depressed, but I've had 6 of them, and the rest will pass quickly.
The foremost section, which is turned towards the ventral side, and from which the aortic arches rise, reproduces the arterial bulb of the Selachii.
Previously all the blood went from the auricle through the aortic arches into the gills, but now only part of it goes to the gills, the other part passing to the lungs through the new-formed pulmonary artery.
The junctures of the various aortic arches on the right and left are called the roots of the aorta.
The two parts run for a little distance toward the head of the embryo, ventral to the alimentary canal, and then turn toward the dorsum, passing one on either side of that tube to form the first aortic arch.
Examples have also been found of a right aortic arch, as in birds, while a very common human abnormality is that in which the dorsal part of the fourth right arch persists, and from it the right subclavian artery arises (see fig.
The subclavian for the arm comes from the fourth aortic arch on each side, while in the leg the main artery is a branch of the caudal arch which is curving ventralward to form the umbilical artery.
Left brachial artery arising from a common innominate trunk, instead of coming off separately from the aortic arch.
The branchial arteries are very numerous, and cannot be homologized closely with the five (originally six) pairs of aorticarches in Man.
The anterior loop between the ventral and dorsal aortae already described as the first aortic arch is included in the maxillary or first visceral arch of the soft parts (see fig.
The commonest arrangement of the great branches of the aortic arch in Mammals is that in which the innominate and left carotid arise by a single short trunk, while the left subclavian comes off later; this is also Man's commonest abnormality.
Telecommunications are threatened by the nonpayment of bills and by the lack of technical and maintenance staff many of whom have left the country.
Tanker deliveries of crucial fuel supplies (including those for electrical generation) have become sporadic due to the government's inability to pay and attacks against ships.
He discovered also three pairs of aortic arches in close relation with the gill-arches, so close indeed, that he did not hesitate to call them gill-arteries, and to recognise their resemblance with the aortic arches of fish.
He traced, in part at least, the metamorphosis which these aortic arches undergo.
The diagrams in his paper on theaortic arches of reptiles (1856) were for long copied in every text-book.
A little later three chambers are developed, the auricle, ventricle, and aortic bulb; at this stage there is a resemblance to the heart of fish and amphibia.
Von Baer saw what had escaped Rathke and Huschke, that there were, not three nor four, but as many as five aortic arches.
In aortic regurgitation, the line of ascent is similar to that of the healthy tracing, but the line of descent is very sudden.
As the walls of the clefts assume their respiratory function the aortic arch becomes broken into a network of capillaries in its respiratory portion, and there is now distinguished a ventral afferent and a dorsal efferent portion of each arch.
The blood-stream passes forwards towards the head in the ventral vessel, dorsalwards through the aortic arches, and tailwards in the dorsal aorta.
In the Crossopterygians and Dipnoans as in the higher vertebrates the sixth aortic arch gives off the pulmonary artery to the lung.
Where an external gill is present the aortic arch loops out into this, a kind of short-circuiting of the blood-stream taking place as the external gill atrophies.
The dorsal aorta, which receives its highly oxygenated blood from the aortic arches, is the main artery for the distribution of this oxygenated blood.
Finally the precardiac section of the ventral vessel--the ventral aorta--conveys the blood from heart to aortic arches.
Each external gill develops as a projection of ectoderm with mesodermal core near the upper end of its visceral arch; the main aortic arch is prolonged into it as a loop.
Anteriorly the aortic roots are continued forwards as the dorsal carotid arteries to supply the head region.
The dorsal aorta is single throughout the greater part of its extent, but for a greater or less extent at its anterior end (circulus cephalicus) it consists of two paired aortic roots.
In the higher vertebrates this cavity has become completely split off to form the root of the pulmonary arteries, and a result of aortic arch V.
The median portion of the first aortic arch has disappeared; but its proximal end forms the external, its distal the internal carotid arteries.
The thoracic and abdominal aortae are at first double, the first aortic arches continuing as so-called "primitive aortae" ventrad of the vertebral column to the caudal end of the body.
The two dorsal aortic roots are seen to unite to form the main aorta, which descends between the layers of the dorsal mesentery, sending branches to the dorsal margin of oesophagus and stomach.
Diagrams illustrating the arrangement of the primitive heart and aortic arches.
The dorsal aorta is formed by the junction of the right and left aortic roots arising from the confluence of the branchial arterial arches.
The site to which the essential heart-pain is referred in this disease is probably the cardiac, or this and the aortic plexus; in a comparatively small number of cases the pain does not extend farther.
Coronary sclerosis with calcification throughout, aortic and pulmonary valvular calcification hypertrophy of heart.
Autopsy: Aortic and innominate aneurysm, hypertrophy and dilatation of heart.
So with other valvular murmurs: for example, an aorticdiastolic murmur proves to be related to syphilis.
Another year passes, and he returns to say that now he cannot hasten on the street without praecordial distress; and it is noted that the second aortic sound, previously thick in character, is slightly blowing.
The dark lines show the aortic arches which persist.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "aortic" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
