In some cases at any rate, as Bernard has lately shown, the very existence of the plant depends on its seedling roots obtaining this advantageous attachment and co-operation (symbiosis) of the fungus immediately on germination.
This is a common form of injury, resulting in death by drought and exposure, especially in seedling pines, wheat, etc.
The seedling is in the lower world, but its tip containing the supposed sense-organ is in the strange world where roots curve upwards.
One well-known experiment consisted in putting opaque caps on the tips of seedling grasses (e.
It was however the question of the localisation of the gravitational sense in the tip of the seedling root or radicle that aroused most attention, and it was on this question that a controversy arose which has continued to the present day.
Lemon and orange pips will grow readily in damp moss under a glass, and can be transplanted into pots of earth, so that seedling plants are attainable even by those who live in towns.
Unless these are rubbed off, the grafted portion will become discouraged and the tree will revert to a seedling variety.
Illustration: Stabler graft on old seedling grafted in May, 1938 bearing in August of the same year.
Illustration: Stabler variety of Black Walnut grafted on a Minnesota seedling stock bore many years but was winter killed.
It is impossible to be exact, but I think I may safely say that it requires at least ten years of growing before a seedling butternut tree will bear any nuts.
The seedling trees suffered only slight damage so that I expect that they are hardy enough to produce fruit here.
A butternut seedling usually requires several more years of growth than a black walnut does before it comes into bearing, although this varies with climate and soil.
A nursery near St. Paul supplied me with some and I bought twenty-eight large, seedlingblack walnut trees.
Mr. Graham told me that these were seedling trees from Jones hybrid seeds which he had growing in his orchard.
This alternative of propagating by grafting or budding is considered a better method if it can be practiced, as it gives a plant on its own roots instead of the roots of some unknown seedling stock.
Although it might be possible to graft the best varieties on young seedling stocks, in all the hundreds of grafts I have made on pine, I have been successful only once.
I have not grafted any yet and only one has borne any seedling nuts so far.
I have mentioned, elsewhere, the seedling apricot which came into bearing in St. Paul, and how I obtained grafts before it died during a very cold winter.
I did not neglect seeding to provide stocks of the Eastern black walnut also, which is almost a different species from the local black walnut, but these seedling trees proved to be tender toward our winters and only a few survived.
These were propagated by obtaining scionwood from the originators of the variety and grafting it on these seedling trees.
Both grafted and seedling trees were making a good growth and appeared to be perfectly healthy.
Last year Mr. Jones sent out a lot of seedling walnuts and there are quite a few in Rochester.
A young shagbark seedling set in its present location in the fall of 1919 and grafted to Barnes this spring, also set a nut, but this dropped off like those on the Kentucky and apparently for the same reason.
This seedling was so old that a very small true leaf had been developed, which at night was completely hidden by the closed cotyledons.
A seedling was then placed in darkness with the hypocotyl secured to a stick; both cotyledons rose a little at first, and then fell during the rest of the day; in the evening between 5 and 6 P.
The smaller cotyledon of one seedling was extremely thin, and not half the length of the larger one, so that it was clearly becoming rudimentary,* In all these seedlings the hypocotyl was enlarged or swollen.
A seedlingwas carefully observed, because, considering its appearance and the nature of the mature plant, it seemed very unlikely that either the hypocotyl or cotyledons would circumnutate to an appreciable extent.
Tropaeolum majus: heliotropic movement and circumnutation of the epicotyl of a young seedling towards a dull lateral light, traced on a horizontal glass from 7.
On June 25th, the true leaf of this latter seedling was .
The nine cotyledons of a seedling Pinus pinaster plainly circumnutated; and the figures described approached more nearly to irregular circles than to irregular ovals or ellipses.
Those on the seedling which had been kept in almost complete darkness, sank during the whole day, without rising about mid-day, but rose during the night.
List ofSeedling Plants, the cotyledons of which rise or sink at night to an angle of at least 60o above or beneath the horizon.
A seedling fern of this species came up by chance in a flowerpot near its parent.
The opposite cotyledons on the same seedling move to a certain extent independently of one another.
A seedling was observed during only 12 days, by which time a leaf had been formed, and the cotyledons were then quite vertical at night.
Mogador is a seedling from this rose, and is, perhaps, an improvement on it.
Bennett's Seedling and the Dundee Rambler have white flowers; those of the last being not fully double.
The same may be said of Augusta, a seedling raised from it in this country.
Isabella Gray was also raised in America, and is a seedling from the Cloth of Gold, which it rivals in beauty; though, like its parent, it is somewhat difficult to manage.
Beauty of Waltham, an English seedling like Lord Macaulay, is of a bright carmine, and blooms profusely.
Perichon, an inhabitant of that island, in planting a quantity of seedling roses raised for a hedge, found one very different from the rest, and planted it apart.
Vivid is a seedling of the English rose-grower, Mr. William Paul.
The seedling was different from either parent, but had the vigorous growth of the Musk Rose, together with its property of blooming in clusters, and a slight trace of its peculiar fragrance.
One is the Dog Rose, a variety growing wild in various parts of Europe; the other is the Manetti Rose, a seedling raised by the Italian cultivator whose name it bears.
Margottin, another eminent rose-grower, says that no conscientious cultivator will permit a seedling to pass out of his hands until lie has given it a six-years' trial.
Among other deep-colored roses are Triomphe de Paris, Gloire de Santenay, and General Washington; the last a seedling from Triomphe de l'Exposition.
This is the only method to insure seedling roses flowering the third year: many will do so that are not budded; but very often the superior varieties are shy bloomers on their own roots, till age and careful culture give them strength.
William's Double Yellow is an English seedlingof a pale-yellow color.
In the latter case the seedling has early to shift for itself, and to form roots and leaves for the supply of its needs.
If a young seedling or cutting of any soft-wooded plant is to be bushy, it must have its top nipped out by the thumb-nail or pruning-scissors at a very early stage, and this stopping must be repeated frequently.
Excepting in the uplands, snow seldom lies long, but frosts sometimes occur at night as late as the beginning of June, and severe enough to destroy the young shoots of seedling trees in nurseries.
It was a wood of seedling trees that had come up naturally after an old wood of Scotch Fir had been cut down, and it seemed well to clear away all but one, or in some cases two kinds of trees in the several regions.
So it was in the wood of young seedling trees, where Oak and Holly, Birch, Beech and Mountain Ash, came up together in a close thicket of young saplings.
At the same time, in a crack of the stone just below the upper step there came a seedling of the tall Chimney Campanula (C.
Sometimes, however, two, three, or more of the ovules become fertilised, thus producing an acorn which will give rise to as many separate seedling trees.
The other end grows upward, carrying up with it a little swollen mass of food-reserve, sufficient to support the growing seedling until it has had some chance of reaching a suitable host.
When the young root reaches the bark it becomes flattened against the surface, and spreads out, forming a disc that holds the seedlingfirmly to the tree.
When the seed germinates it sends out a filament which penetrates into the soil and fixes the seedling firmly.
The upper end of the seedling now sends out a filament which rapidly elongates, and, growing upward, searches for some stem on which to climb.
Generally speaking, such branches present little or no difference in their flowers: thus a writer[835] pinched off the leading shoot of a seedling P.
A seedling raised by Mr. Salter has produced by bud-variation six distinct sorts, five different in colour and one in foliage, all of which are now fixed.
Mr. Knight states that seedling cherries are more variable than those of any other fruit-tree.
Again, we have the case of young fruit-trees changing their character as they grow old; seedling pears, for instance, lose with age their spines and improve in the flavour of their fruit.
This apparently is a case of reversion, for Hill's Hector was a seedling from a lilac variety.
The gardener who in 1644 in Florence raised this tree, declared that it was a seedling which had been grafted; and after the graft had perished, the stock sprouted and produced the bizzarria.
Mr. Calver is stated[663] to have raised in the United States a seedling peach which produced a mixed crop of both peaches and nectarines.
In England the new white nectarine was a seedling of the old white, and Mr. Rivers[648] has recorded several similar cases.
Occasionally a seedling springs up about the farm that produces fruit of rare beauty and worth.
I know another seedling of excellent quality and so remarkable for its firmness and density, that it is known on the farm where it grows as the "heavy apple.
No one knows how long it takes for a seedling to bear.
Seedling walnuts and hickories have been procurable for years from nurseries all over the country, as is shown by nursery catalogue listings; and at least two concerns--one at Lockport, N.
This association is doing a valuable work in offering prizes to locate high class seedling nut trees that will be worthy of propagating.
As seedling trees we cannot tell what they will do when in full bearing.
An English walnut tree near the garden gate is growing thriftily, making sometimes four feet in a year, but as a seedling has not borne as yet.
Footnote 6: The first bloom of seedling tulips is usually without stripes or markings, and it is often years before they break into stripes; till then they are called breeders, and are not named.
The West India and Louisiana seedling orange tree is wonderfully improved by being transplanted in Florida soil.
Dawn' is the cultivar-name for a particular seedling of this parentage.
The influence of theseedling on the nourishment of the cutting was gradually diminished by girdling caused by a copper wire which was tied about the seedling stem.
The time of breaking of the rest period in my seedling trees varies as much as three to four weeks, and that would lead me to believe that, in the long run, we will have to plant locally adapted varieties.
At the University of Illinois most of our trees are seedling trees.
I have long rows ofseedling trees, all from one parent tree, standing alongside long rows of seedlings from another parent.
We get seedling trees dying, too, but I agree that there is more damage from fall freezes, spring freezes and perhaps from straight low temperature winter injury with the grafted trees than with the seedling trees.
The size and productivity wasn't too high of that seedling stock I secured there.
In birch, seedling strains producing curly grain have been developed and are being grown.
After the first ten years you may find a seedling orchard is going to produce a very good crop, tree by tree.
This experience involves perhaps 125 seedlingtrees from various sources, but mostly from the U.
Watts of Hickman, Kentucky cooperating, interested Mr. Roscoe Stone, who had a large acreage of land in developing the young seedling pecan trees by top-working them to better varieties.
I think grafted trees, if you have a compatible graft, are worth several times as much as average seedling trees.
Seedling plants, however, are said to vary in fragrance; and, when a choice stock can be obtained, it is better to propagate by dividing the plants.
It is quite early, but more liable to disease than the Davis Seedling and some other varieties.
This new and excellent Broccoli is apparently a seedling from the Green Cape.
The roots may be divided in spring or autumn; and should be set three feet apart, as directed for seedling plants; covering the crowns three inches deep.
If propagated by dividing the roots, it may be done either in autumn or spring; the same distance being given to the sets that is allowed for seedling plants.
It is now rapidly giving place to new seedling varieties, quite as good in quality, and more healthy and productive.
If no hot-bed is at hand, sufficient seedling plants for a small garden may be easily raised by sowing a few seeds in March in common flower-pots, and placing them in the sunny window of the sitting-room or kitchen.
This comparatively new but very excellent variety originated in Maine; and is supposed to be a seedling from the celebrated Carter, which it much resembles.
The leaves should not be cut from seedlingplants during the first season, or until the roots are well established.
According to English authority, little dependence can be placed on seedling plants: many produce small and worthless heads, whilst others produce those of large size and of good quality.
Drop the seedling into the place prepared for it, and press the soil about it firmly but gently.
It is not too late to set out seedling plants of such perennials as phlox and hollyhock if care is taken to lift enough soil with them to insure against disturbance of their roots.
You will doubtless find many seedling plants in the beds where they germinated last fall.
The first root of the seedling plant continues here as the main root of the plant, as was the case with the gymnosperms, but not with the monocotyledons.
The structure of the root is best studied in the seedling plant, or in a rootlet of an older one.
The fibro-vascular bundles of the stem of the seedling plant show a structure quite similar to that of the leaf, but very soon a difference is manifested.
Comparing this with the section of the seedling pine stem, a resemblance is at once evident, and this arrangement was also noticed in the stem of the horse-tail.
The first seedlingimpulse to destroy the book was buried and forgotten.
In this way the plant soon spreads itself all over the garden, and next spring you will have seedling plants by the hundred.
Florists can generally furnish seedling plants in spring, from which immediate effects can be secured by close planting.
The single varieties are not desirable, and as soon as a seedling plant shows single flowers, pull it up.
Another departure from the normal is that in which the juvenile or seedling form of shoot persists in the adult tree; the numerous coniferous plants known as species of Retinospora are examples of this.
In addition to the first foliage-leaves and the adult type of leaf, there are often produced leaves which are intermediate both in shape and structure between the seedling and adult foliage.
The first leaves borne on the seedling axis are often scale-like, and these are followed by two or more larger laminae, which foreshadow the pinnae of the adult frond.
Flynn is a chanceseedling which originated in Portland, Oregon, with a Dr.
Another seedling raised by Buettner early in the Nineteenth Century and quite similar to Buettner Rote, except in its time of ripening, which is later.
Lambert is a Bigarreau, a seedling of Napoleon by Black Heart, and a worthy rival of its parents in most respects and superior in some.
This variety is said to be a seedling raised by a Herr Winkler at Guben, Prussia, Germany, about 1816.
Still anotherseedling raised by Ingram of the Frogmore Royal Gardens.
A seedling raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, which he says originated about the same time as his Early Amber.
Hallock is a supposed seedlingof Downer found by Nicholas Hallock, Milton, New York; not disseminated.
Another seedling raised by Buettner about 1797 and later tested by Truchsess.
Mastodon is a seedlingof Pontiac and originated with W.
Warner is a supposed seedling of American Amber grown by Mathew G.
Jaboulay, a nurseryman at Oullins, near Lyons, France, grafted over a number of seedling cherries which had sprung up on his grounds.
This cherry is said to be a seedling of Early Richmond but of the Morello type.
A hardyseedling of English Morello originating with H.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "seedling" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
