The greatest strength of a malleable casting, like a steel forging, is in the surface, therefore but little machining should be done.
The purity of this grade of iron gives a homogeneous, soft weld of even texture, great ductility and exceptionally good machining qualities.
As a matter of fact, although the preliminary operations certainly do demand more care and labour than in crepe-making, there are compensating advantages in the machining stage.
Theoretically, of course, the operation of machining should rid the scrap of all traces of bark; but in practice it does not do so.
For instance, it is the practice on some few estates to begin the machining of the coagulum about half an hour after coagulation commences; in which case it is usual to add from a quarter to a half of the normal quantity in excess.
They dance and play games, and act, or sing, or come and talk, and one visitor tells us of seeing a girl doing machining at the end of a hut with one soldier turning the handle for her and another helping.
Machining or filing such steel is exceedingly slow and difficult, besides the destruction of tools; as a matter of fact this steel is intended for chisels, drills, and like tools which require only forging and filing.
Should a particularly accurate job be called for, the steel should be annealed again after the roughing cuts have been taken and before machining to the final size.
The forging of steel had to be arranged and the forgings and components distributed to the machiningplants situated in the various Provinces.
The crankshaft was made from a solid block of relatively high carbon steel which, aside from its bulk and the major amount of machining required, presented no special problems.
This was accomplished by accurate machining and possibly even hand fitting in combination with a rather thick gasket at the head end, one flat of which bore against two different surfaces.
The weight was easily controlled, no bearing liners were necessary, and a very minimum of machining was required.
The direct screw assembly method called for accurate machining and hand fitting in order to make the ends of the tubing jam against the bottom of the threaded holes in the castings, and at the same time have the end bearings properly lined up.
The jacket thickness was reduced by machining at the ends, making a semigroove into which the steel shrink rings fitted.
The design was an orthodox straight pin and cheek combination and, as previously noted, there were no counterweights to complicate the machining or assembly.
The engine castings were undoubtedly received from the foundry prior to Frank Duryea's marriage, and the work of machining and assembling the parts went on through the spring and summer.
The patternmaker had said he believed he could make the pattern accurately enough so that no machining of the castings would be necessary.
The cone ends of the shaft would need new machining to line them up.
Sally said firmly: "When the technical journals are through talking about the job you did, you'll all four be famous for precision-machining technique and improvements on standard practices.
He knew how many times a thousandth of an inch had been split inmachining its bearings, and the breath-weight balance of its moving parts.
It is not difficult to machine low-nickel steel, consequently it is in great favor where easy machining properties are of importance.
The Lincoln Motor Company insisted from the first that the proper method would be a complete heat treatment of the forging in the rough state, and machining the rod after the heat treatment.
Not only will benefits in machining be found by careful annealing of forgings but the subsequent troubles in the hardening plant will be greatly reduced.
This serial number was carried through all machining operations and stamped on the cheek of the finished shaft.
To obtain the best results in machining, the microstructure of the metal should be determined and a hardness range set that covers the variations in structure that produce good machining results.
For annealing the simpler types of low-carbon steels the following temperatures have been found to produce uniform machining conditions on account of producing uniform fine-grain pearlite structure: 0.
The following gives a few of the hardness numerals on steel used in gear manufacture that produce good machining qualities: 0.
While this has been only a compromise it has been better than no reheating at all, although it has not properly refined the grain, which is necessary for good machining conditions.
Where poor machiningconditions in heat-treated steels are present they are generally due to incomplete solution of cementite rather than bands of free ferrite, as in the case of case-hardening steels.
The original production system as outlined for the manufacturers had called for a heat treatment in the rough-forged state for the connecting rods, and then semi-machining the rod forgings before giving them the final treatment.
The annealing of steel is primarily done for one of three specific purposes: To soften for machining purposes; to change the physical properties, largely to increase ductility; or to release strains caused by rolling or forging.
The varied and complex machiningrequired on armor plate demands tools of enormous size and strength as well as varied purpose.
In the machining of the cylinder castings, and the operation of assembling the motor, close inspection of the work is noticeable.
The varied and complex machining required on armor plate demands tools of enormous size and strength as well as varied capacity.
The cylinders were machined out of solid nickel chrome-steel ingots, and the machining was carried out so that the cylinder walls were under 1/6 of an inch in thickness.
Special attention was given to the machining of the interiors of the cylinders and the combustion heads, with the result that the exceptionally high compression of 95 lbs.
They were at first made of mild steel, the swivel-hooks, in fact, being made of wire nails in order to utilize the head of the nail as a shoulder without the expense of machining rod steel of a size large enough to form the shoulder.
So that you may have accidental marks from that source, just in the machining operation.
These machining and grinding and filing operations will mark the metal with very fine scratches or turning marks and grinding marks in such a way that there will be developed on the surface of the metal a characteristic pattern.
It does not always take place, because some bolts are made of a very soft metal, and they will not necessarily change a machining tool to that extent.
There are other accidental markings placed there during the machining operation.
The marks produced during manufacture are the marks seen on the bolt face; filing marks, machining marks of the various types, even forging marks or casting marks if the bolt happens to be forged or cast.
Some engineers favor blocking the shaft out of a solid slab of metal and then machining this rough blank to form.
A number of difficult machining operations are described at length and illustrated.
Materials such as sheet copper or brass proved to be too hard to form a sufficiently yielding packing medium that would allow for the inevitable slight inaccuracies in machining the cylinder head and cylinder.
Great care is taken in the casting and machining of these cylinders, to have the bore and walls concentric with each other.
As the sizes of valve heads and stems vary considerably a "Universal" valve head truing tool must have some simple means of centering the valve stem in order to insure concentric machining of the valve head.
The machining of these parts to the fine dimensions required by the design was an entirely separate phase of manufacturing, and we placed this work with the American Laundry Machine Co.
For the use of the French Government in machining these engine parts, America built and delivered the necessary equipment and machinery.
These bombs, made from the 3-inch shell, as far as the machining of the bodies is concerned were turned out in various quantities by the following firms: Vermont Farm Machinery Co.
From this point forward the manufacture of a gun requires the machining and fitting of this metal into a shape and form so accurate that the full strength of the gun and the best accuracy of fire may be attained.
Complete records of roughmachining are not available.
Accordingly a new machining contract was made with the Symington-Anderson Co.
In order to have recuperators available for use for the units shipped from the United States minus these mechanisms, 110 rough-machined recuperator forgings were shipped to France, where the work of machining and completing was done.
Progress of the work of machining and assembling cannon at the various factories during the war.
Cylindrical and radial surfaces are often turned in this way in order to avoid shifting the tool, especially when machining parts in quantity.
Turret Lathe Tool Equipment for Machining Flywheels] The periphery of the rim is now finished by cutter l in the turret toolpost which is indexed to the proper position for this operation.
The total time for machining one of these castings complete is about 7-1/2 minutes, which includes the time required for placing the work in the chuck.
The principal difficulty in the machining of aluminum and aluminum alloys is caused by the clogging of the chips, especially when using such tools as counterbores and milling cutters.
Turning a Taper or Conical Surface] The tools for machining the hub and sides of the rim are held in a turret mounted on the left-hand head, as shown.
This table is an attachment which is clamped to the main table for holding work that must be turned to different positions for machining the various parts.
After a casting or other part has been set true by the most important surface, all other surfaces which require machining should be tested to make sure that they all can be finished to the proper size.
Frequently, all the tools for machining a part can be held in the turret, so that little time is required for changing from one tool to the next.
Many lubricants which are cheaper than oil are extensively used on "automatics" for general machining operations.
Second Operation--Cutting Internal Thread] One of the interesting features connected with the machining of this shell is the finishing of the inner and outer tapering surfaces.
There are several methods of machining holes when using a vertical boring mill.
