The pathognomonic symptoms of the existence of an open joint is the exposure to view of articular surfaces of bones or noting the escape of synovia from the joint capsule.
An antiseptic powder composed of equal parts of boric acid and exsiccated alum is employed to protect the wound surfaces and the margins, and the parts are then bandaged.
Chronic arthritis with destruction of articularsurfaces and ankylosis, is seldom observed.
Because of the width (transverse diameter) of the articulating surfaces of this joint, lateral luxation requires a great strain; and a force that is sufficient to occasion this trauma usually causes serious additional injury.
A seven-year-old saddle-horse weighing eleven hundred and fifty pounds received a wound of the tarsus, laying bare the articular surfaces of a part of the joint.
Obviously, if articular surfaces of joints are involved, complete recovery cannot result despite the most skillful attention given the subject.
The capsular ligament is attached around the margin of the articular surfaces of the tibia, to the tarsal bones, the collateral ligaments (internal and external lateral) and to the metatarsus.
Concussion such as is caused by fast work on hard roads, or work on rough or irregular road surfaces which cause unequal distribution of weight, will cause splint lameness and exostosis follows.
They arise from the lateral aspects of the femur, just above the condyles and are inserted to the corresponding surfaces of the patella.
It is noticeable that lameness is augmented or produced when the subject travels on rough road surfaces and that little or no difficulty is encountered when roads are smooth.
These three pairs of articulating surfaces are all enclosed within one capsular ligament.
Posteriorly, the capsule is very heavy and forms a sort of padding over the irregular surfaces of the bones, and also its reflexions constitute the sheaths of the flexor tendons.
Direct injury such as blows may be the cause of synovial distension of thecae and the affection is to be seen in all horses that have done much fast work on hard road surfaces or pavements.
The colors of sunlit surfaces and of shadows vary from sunrise to sunset.
An arc-lamp was suspended at each of the two ends of the cabinet and a flood of light was obtained directly and by reflection from the white inside surfaces of the cabinet.
Many combinations of curved surfaces have been developed for special projection purposes, but the parabolic mirror is still in favor for powerful search-lights.
Mangin in 1874 made a reflector of glass in which both outer and inner surfaces were spherical but of different radii of curvature, so that the reflector was thicker in the middle.
Similar dentate impressions from a like cause may be seen on the inner surfacesof the cheeks.
The lesions may be cutaneous only; rarely bleeding from mucous surfaces will occur (Scheby-Buch).
The eruption usually appears first upon the lower extremities, preferably the flexor surfaces of the thighs (Duhring), but frequently upon the legs.
Warmth and moisture and the friction of the sensitive surfaces excite vesicular and pustular eruptions where the {996} scrotum and labiae come in contact with the thighs.
It is the practice at the Pennsylvania Hospital to apply after division a stick of caustic potassa, allowing it to remain in contact with the cut surfaces for several seconds, after which the wounds are to be packed.
Examined by transmitted light, thesesurfaces show a distinct arborescence of the vessels.
Before the invention of paper, the surfacesemployed for writing upon were numerous.
That added at the earlier stages will be reduced to a state of very fine division, and will therefore leave the stopper and mouth of A with smoother surfaces than fresh emery.
But this plan must not be adopted if the interior of the apparatus is to be exhausted, as sulphuric acid is easily forced between the ground glass surfaces by external pressure.
Bas-reliefs and wall surfaces were often brightly colored, The artist had no knowledge of perspective and drew all his figures in profile, without any distinction of light and shade.
Egyptian paintings show the goldsmiths at work with blowpipe and forceps, fashioning bracelets, rings, and diadems, inlaying objects of stone and wood, or covering their surfaces with fine gold leaf.
The two surfaces must break down gradually, increasing the friction to a point where motion must cease.
They had proved the dust that was in the comet's tail had accumulated in the metal surfaces of the failed engines.
Perhaps the most important thing we've found is that it has a strong affinity for metals, so that its accumulation on metallic surfaces is much higher than in the general atmosphere.
Hence the erosion of such surfaces is vastly greater than on many other mountains of equal steepness of inclination.
Vegetable surfaces are endowed with the power of absorbing gases, vapors, and also, no doubt, the various soluble bodies which are presented to them.
The principal means relied on for the protection of the sand hills are the planting of their surfaces and the exclusion of burrowing and grazing animals.
They multiply, by the expansion of their branches, the surfaces which are cooled by radiation.
So, as you can readily see, an annealing kiln or oven must be arranged in such a way that it will allow the two surfaces to cool simultaneously.
Undoubtedly they are right, Giusippe, for the roughness in the ancient mosaics would, of course, break up the great plain surfaces and make them more interesting.
Joe stared numbly out of a port, thinking confusedly that his hull would be dull red on its outer surface, though the heating had been so fast that the inner surfaces of the plating might still be cold.
They had trouble getting the surfacesproperly cleaned for welding.
At the bottom of this hole were solid oak-beams, apparently flattened; but no sooner were their surfaces exposed than the water rushed in and filled the trench.
An oval implement with two hollowed surfaces like the one represented on =Fig.
These conical fruits, however, did not produce seeds; but the leaves of which they were composed bore upon their surfaces sacs full of spores or sporangia, such as those one sees on the under surface of a bracken leaf.
The coal readily splits along these lines, and the split surfaces thus formed are parallel with the smooth faces.
So it is with prickles, and even the thornless thorn-apple has fruits with surfaces far from smooth.
All the needles turn their upper surfaces upwards, [137] and their lower surfaces downwards, and all of them are by this means placed in a single horizontal plane, and branching takes place in the same plane.
The asci are situated upon the inner surfaces of the winding canals traversing the substance of the fleshy fruit (peridium) of which the truffle consists.
In most instances, as far as the microscope is concerned, the surfaces of the glass through which the rays of light are transmitted are not plane or flat, but curved-being either convex or concave, and belonging to convex or concave lenses.
The freshly divided surfaces then become coated with a new portion of cell-wall, so as to make two or more new cells, which either remain in contact or separate from each other.
These teeth serve to enable the animal to scrape or rasp the algæ, and other matters forming their food, from the surfaces upon which they grow.
The surfaces of the channels are lined with sarcodic matter, which takes the form of ciliated amœbiform bodies, by which the currents of liquid are produced.
The packing of the eyes together gives rise to their angular form or their straight sides, each of the little surfaces or facets being hexagonal, or bounded by six sides (fig.
The curved surfaces of lenses are usually portions of spheres.
They consist of one or more coloured cells, and these cells are remarkable for their surfaces exhibiting spines, networks, folds, and markings of various kinds.
Accidentally he made a connection between the two surfaces of the jar, and declared that he did not recover from the experience for two days, and that nothing could induce him to repeat it.
Experience has taught us that where we see certain kinds of coloured surfaces we can, by touch, obtain certain expected sensations of hardness or softness, tactile shape, and so on.
The immediate objects of sight, the coloured surfaces which make up the visible world, are spatially external in the natural meaning of this phrase.
Like all the pavement (epithelial) surfaces of the body, inside and out, the skin has the power of making glands by dipping down little pouches or pockets into the layers below.
Though thickest and most abundant on the inner and outer surfaces of the body, every particle of the body substance is shot through and through with a network of these tiny tubes.
All surfaces of walls, ceilings, and floors should be made as smooth and hard and free from angles, ledges, and projecting lines as possible.
Paste rubbed in a very thin layer over a card makes a surface that holds soot firmly, and one that will not stick to other surfaces if accidentally moistened.
A thrill is analogous to a musical note, and the characteristics to the sense of touch, of different surfaces when they are rubbed by the fingers, may be compared to different qualities of sound or noise.
Paper books and pads were tried, but their surfaces are inferior to cards in flatness, and their use is now abandoned.
The ridges may subserve another purpose in the act of touch, namely, that of enabling the character of surfaces to be perceived by the act of rubbing them with the fingers.
Our attention is next engaged by the wonderful arrangement and curving of the minute furrows connected with the organ of touch[4] on the innersurfaces of the hand and foot, especially on the last phalanx of each finger.
The method used in ordinary printing, is to ink the projectingsurfaces only, leaving the depressed parts clean.
They certainly seem to help in the discrimination of the character of surfaces that are variously rubbed between the fingers.
The employment of colour instead of variously stippled surfaces is of conspicuous advantage to the great majority of persons, though unhappily nearly useless to about one man in every twenty-five, who is constitutionally colour-blind.
Area of adhesion between opposed surfaces of great omentum and transverse mesocolon and colon.
The pancreas appears secondarily retroperitoneal, after adhesion of apposed surfaces of mesoduodenum and primitive parietal peritoneum over dotted area, producing fixation of dorsal surface of pancreas.
The omental peritoneum continues over the ventral and caudal surfaces of the gland, investing the same, but the dorsal surface has lost its serous covering and is anchored to the ventral surface of the left kidney.
The opposed peritoneal surfaces indicated by the dotted lines have become adherent and converted into loose connective tissue in which the pancreas and duodenum lie imbedded.
With the parts in their present position this line might be assumed to indicate a strip along which the opposed serous surfaces of the parietal peritoneum and the right leaf of the primitive mesentery became adherent.
One more factor is to be taken into consideration, namely the tendency, already noted, of peritoneal surfaces to become adherent to each other.
Consequently folding or overlapping of this extensive membrane affords opportunities for adhesions between its own seroussurfaces or between it and the remaining visceral and parietal peritoneum of the abdomen.
Obliteration of the latter membrane by adhesion to the parietal peritoneum leaves the first portion of the duodenum invested on both surfaces by the lesser omentum, derived from the ventral mesogastrium.
The thick muscular walls of this compartment may measure several inches in diameter and carry on the opposed mucous surfaces lining the cavity a hard horny plate with corrugated and roughened surface (Fig.
The ventral surfaces of both kidneys are seen to be covered by the primitive parietal peritoneum of the abdominal cavity.
Later adhesions between the peritoneal surfaces lining the interior of the bursa limit this extension.
Fixation of head of pancreas and duodenum under cover of secondary parietal peritoneum by adhesion of apposed surfaces of mesoduodenum and primitive parietal peritoneum.
It will of course be observed that both surfaces of the transverse mesocolon established in this way are free, not adherent to either omentum or pancreas on the one hand, nor to the transverse duodenum on the other.
It may be well now to state that the term 'coefficient of friction' is an expression which indicates the proportion which resistance to sliding bears to the force which presses the surfaces together.
To prevent surfaces or forms of this class from altering their shape or dimensions during the hardening process, slips of iron are sometimes fitted to them before they are placed in the hardening box.
The surfaceswhich confine the revolving collar back and front are so adjusted as to allow perfect freedom of rotary motion to the spindle and collar, but no perceptible end motion.
The driving friction may be obtained from contact of the radial surfaces in two ways: thus, Fig.
For sand-papering true flat surfaces the flat table is provided, there being beneath it a parallel revolving drum, whose perimeter just protrudes through the upper surface of the table.
A machine for truing thesurfaces of wood-work that are to form a joint.
The surfaces are lubricated by the water, but sometimes oil lubrication is provided for the eccentric sheave.
Adhesions are apt to form between the septum and the outer wall when opposing surfaces are injured by the galvano-cautery.
With a Ballenger’s single-tine swivel septum knife a rim of cartilage is then cut away around the perforation, so that the two mucous surfaces from opposite nostrils can come in contact and overlap the circular edge of cartilage.
Eyes that have been the subject of acute inflammation are much more difficult to enucleate, owing to adhesion of the surfaces of Tenon’s capsule.
By careful manipulations with the probe or by stroking the edges with tiny pledgets of cotton-wool, these rough surfaces may be smoothed down.
In cases where the enucleation of adherent and inflamed tubes leaves large raw and slightly oozing surfaces in the pelvis, drainage is a wise precaution.
This is at once recognized by its glistening white appearance and by the manner in which its opposing surfaces glide over one another.
When the uterus is attached to the abdominal wall by an aseptic suture, lymph is exuded from the surfaces of the peritoneum in contact with the retaining sutures.
The raw surfaces are kept apart by daily dressing until they are covered by epithelium.
The exposed edge is then covered over by the mucous surfaces falling together.
If it forms later, it is wiser to wait until the fleshy bridge becomes less vascular and contracts, when it may be divided with a knife or the galvano-cautery at a white heat, and the opposing surfaces are then kept apart as described.
The edges of the wound are brought together by fine silk or catgut sutures, which must be passed completely through the raw surfacesto prevent recurrent hæmorrhage.
In operating upon such cases the chief difficulty will be found in denuding the surfaces necessary for the introduction of the sutures, owing to the density of the cicatricial tissues, which are always present.
The wires cut out in 10 to 14 days, but by this time considerable healing will have taken place over the raw surfaces from which the adhesions had been separated.
On pushing up the vaginal mucous membrane still further the peritoneum is reached, and is recognized by its white glistening appearance, and by the fact that its two opposed surfaces glide freely over one another under the finger.
The direction of an incision into the globe should be as oblique as is consistent with the object of the operation, so as to allow larger healing surfaces to come into apposition.
I must think that you overrate the importance of new surfaces on mountains and dispersal from mountain to mountain.
These successive surfaces have been carefully examined by M.
Dupont concludes from the condition of the bones that on both the older surfaces the cave bear was the later tenant, and had replaced the lion on the first and the hyena on the second.
The remaining surfaces introduce us to man as a cave-dweller.
Water, tumbling as snow, hardens into ice, and rasps away continually at the surfaces of the mountains.
There was none of course, and I walked home again between banks of withered bracken and trailing bramble, under the big tree-hollies, glistening all over their surfaces with a thousand reminders of Christmas, and of its gifts.
The object of lubrication is to interpose a film of oil, grease or some lubricant between the two surfaces that will prevent these rubbing surfaces from coming into too intimate contact.
The shadows of the canons modelled the hitherto flat surfaces of the mountains.
Hidden in apparently plane surfaces are valleys and prairies.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "surfaces" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
