Fairchild, in his paper on Glacial Waters in the Finger Lake Region of New York (Geological Society of America, Rochester, N.
The records of these extinct waters are the very latest phenomena connected with the ice invasion, and are the connecting link between the glacial condition and the present hydrography.
Even if the Glacial period was such that it was enveloped in a Greenlandic winding-sheet, there would have been some Antarctic animals?
This led me to a careful study of Mr. James Croll's remarkable works on the subject of the astronomical causes of the glacial and interglacial periods.
And the ibex speeds like a chill glacial wind across the snow fields and craggy solitudes, and only a man armed with a cordite repeater can hope to bring him down.
The famous parallel roads of Glen Roy in Scotland are successive terraces formed along the shores of a glacial lake during the waning glacial epoch.
After the retreat of continental glaciers great masses of glacial drift are left on the land-surfaces, but, on account of the manner in which these masses were deposited, they abound in depressions that become filled with water.
In post-glacial times these three lochs formed, without doubt, one continuous sheet of water, which subsequently became divided into three different basins by the deposition of sediment.
Often these lakes are without visible outlets, the water frequently percolating through the glacial drift.
During the glacial period the country was covered by a thick mantle of ice, which flowed out radially from a central collecting-ground.
Lake Agassiz, which during the glacial period occupied the valley of the Red River, and of which the present Lake Winnipeg is a remnant, was formed by an ice-dam along the margin of two great ice-sheets.
Ramsay has shown that innumerable lakes of the northern hemisphere do not lie in fissures produced by underground disturbances, nor in areas of subsidence, nor in synclinal folds of strata, but are the results of glacial erosion.
Is it possible that any freak or flood of the glacial period could have floated this huge rock to its resting place on the very summit of this high mountain, almost two thousand five hundred feet above the level of the sea?
Then followed the reaction period of extreme cold, snow and ice--the glacial period.
In a large way the Appalachian plateau is an individual; the Adirondacks, the terminal moraine of the second glacial epoch are others.
In order to account for the European Glacial Age, which was my main object, I must shift the Pole at least ten or twenty degrees.
This tends to strengthen the opinion I had formed of there having been a glacial period in the earlier history of this part of the world also.
The valley is a broad, open one, all of glacial formation.
Difficult walking, all glacial drift, and boulders great and small.
Glacial action has everywhere worn down the surface into rounded rolling domes and slopes, and for hundreds of miles the land is one wide moorland of grass and moss.
We now followed the right bank of the Shung-chu, a great glacial torrent, which joined by several others became an unfordable stream.
Down this flowed a very large and unfordable glacial stream.
The first morning our march was only to our old camp at Tangsham on a glacial terrace 1,000 feet above the valley.
From the kitchen regions upwards every one in the household came under her despotic sway and stayed there with the submissiveness of molluscs involved in a glacial epoch.
Observations have shown that the coast lay much at its present level in pre-Glacial times, and that Cork Harbour was thus a marine inlet before the ice descended into it.
Second--Are the Eskimos survivors of pre-glacial man who dwelt within the Arctic circle when its fauna and flora, under similar climatic conditions, corresponded with those now existing in Virginia and Maryland?
Do you remember that ghastly red thread of a moon on the glacial line above us, like a swooping bloody sickle?
I dare say you found them very tiresome; but pre-glacial conditions and anthropological problems appeal powerfully to me.
In other parts of a great dome of rock I came upon strange holes in the rock--extremely common all over that region--which might at first glance be mistaken for depressions formed by glacial action, but which were not.
Nor did I ever find at the bottom of any of those pits, worn-down, smooth spherical or spheroid rocks, such as are usually found in pits of glacial formation.
Whether the immense deposits of ashes and sand had been formed before or after the glacial period--if any such period ever existed in that particular region--could be merely a matter of speculation.
Then I noticed some peculiar great cavities in the rock, like those formed by glacial action.
I do not comprehend you," answered Andre in a glacial voice.
As Florestan left the room the Count turned to Mascarin, and in the same glacial tone observed, "And now, sir, explain this intrusion.
It dates back, I take it, to theGlacial Epoch--far enough, in all conscience.
During the oscillations of the glacial times the islands were separated by subsidence of the continental margin.
The last critical or revolutionary period of rapid change was the Glacial epoch.
Simultaneously with this subsidence, or subsequently thereto, came the invasion of northern species, driven southward by glacial cold.
They were therefore separated during the Glacial epoch.
By the cold of the Glacial epoch they were driven slowly southward, both in America and in Europe--in America as far as Southern California.
Now, the last of these periods of great changes and extensive migrations, and subsequent isolations, was the Glacial epoch.
As the cold of the Glacial epoch came on and increased in severity, the polar ice extended southward as a general ice-sheet, until it reached in America 40 deg.
Before applying the foregoing principles in the explanation of special cases, it may be well to give a very brief outline of the condition of things during the Glacial epoch.
Suddenly out of the tangled forests, a sheet of water, smooth and clear, appears, spreading its quicksilver depths among peaks that still bear their burden of the glacial age.
These balanced stones prove my theory that all this is of glacial origin," the professor was saying.
Minor changes, such as the separation of Great Britain from the continent, may have occurred at a later date; but since the Glacial period there have, apparently, been no fundamental modifications in the configuration of Europe.
The so-called strand or coast-lines at various altitudes round the Scandinavian peninsula, though belonging for the most part to glacial times, speak also of relative changes of level in the post-glacial period.
The earliest eruptions of Etna are older than theGlacial period in Central and Northern Europe.
On the other hand, those found in the vault were of a peaceful character, and their surroundings would readily comport, in my opinion, to the glacial period.
That which has deceived the adherents of the glacial theory, as understood in its absolute sense, is, they have generally placed a too high estimate on its extent and intensity.
We can look on this figure as the maximum, for it is proved to-day that humanity played the main role in the glacial phenomena.
One must suppose that the root of their respective races issued from the glacial borders at about the same epoch, and remember their origin.
North and south it is fenced by low old glacial ridges, boulder strewn and untenable.
You get the saw-tooth effect from a distance, but the near-by granite bulk glitters with the terrible keen polish of old glacial ages.
The specimens in the glacial deposits seem even to have acquired larger dimensions, one from Uddevalla being nearly four inches in height.
Hameri, that northern specimens, and those from the United States and from the glacial deposits, often exceed in dimensions those from Great Britain or Ireland.
Stroemia is found in the Glacial Deposits and in the Red and Coralline Crag of England: another species (in a state not to be identified) occurs in the ancient Tertiary formations of Patagonia; and another in the Chalk of England and Belgium.
Fossil in glacial deposits of Scandinavia and Canada, Mus.
The glacial markings in the Hudson River valley are found from the present surface of the water up to the mountain tops and afford an index of some of the conditions existing on the earth at that time.
As an amateur geologist he has thoroughly explored the territory about Newburgh, a region rich in glacial and drift phenomena.
Many evidences of glacial action in Orange County include masses of boulders scattered in places throughout the county.
There are glacial polishings very near Newburgh at the river surface and they also are found on the top of the Palisades, a trap rock thrown up from below in a molten state at some remote period of the earth's history.
The upheaved glacialmud hardened into the soil of modern Norfolk.
That epoch was doubtless the newer Pliocene or Glacial Era, when the Mya truncata and other northern forms now extinct in the Mediterranean, and found fossil in the Sicilian tertiaries, ranged into that sea.
During the Miocene epoch the polar ice was certainly many feet thinner than it has been during, or since, the Glacial epoch.
But, as the glacial epoch passed away, and the present climatal conditions were developed, the northern plants were able to maintain themselves only on the bleak heights, on which southern forms could not compete with them.
The changes which there destroyed the shallow water glacial forms, did not affect those living in the depths, and which still survive.
The Little Blue is the shallower stream, possibly because of the greater amount of sandy glacial deposits in its watershed and the swift flow that may cause lateral cutting, increased movement, and "drifting" of the sandy bottom.
