Into the tanks are sunk flat coils of pipe covered with smooth, metal plates on either side, and it is through these pipes that the ammonia vapour flows.
Of all the fluids that have been tried, ammonia has been found to work most satisfactorily; it evaporates at a low temperature, is non-inflammable, and is comparatively cheap.
The ammonia is not used direct in the pipes in a big space like the hold of a ship, because so much of it would be required, and then there is always danger of the exposed pipes being broken and the dangerous fumes released.
The compressor-pump then forced the fluid, ammoniathrough a small pipe from the condenser coils to the cooling coils in the tank of brine.
Over the pipes of the condenser cool water dripped constantly and carried off the heat in the ammonia vapour inside the coils and so condensed it into a fluid again--just as cold condenses steam into water.
Ammonia requires heat to expand and turn into vapour, and this heat it extracts from the substance surrounding it.
When the ice on the plates is thick enough, the ammonia vapour is turned off and steam forced through the pipes so the cakes come off readily, or else plates, cakes, and all are hoisted out of the tank and the ice melted off.
In this marine refrigerating machine the ammonia got the heat from the brine in the tank, then it was drawn by a pump from the pipes in the tank, compressed by a power compressor, and forced into a second coil.
The brine in turn circulated through a tank containing pipes filled with ammonia vapour which extracted the heat from it; the brine then was ready to circulate through the coils in the hold again and extract more heat.
In operation, the ammonia vapour flows through the pipes, chilling the plates and freezing the water so that a gradually thickening film of ice adheres to each side of each set of plates.
The heat-extracting or cooling power of the ammonia is exerted continually by the process described below.
The buyer is not concerned regarding the amount of ammonia to which the nitrogen is equal, and so the second line is a needless repetition.
Sulphate ofammonia contains about 20 per cent of nitrogen, which is in a quite available form.
Some plats in the fertilizer experiment at the Pennsylvania station have received their nitrogen in the form of sulphate of ammonia for 30 years, and are now in such acid condition that no crops thrive upon them.
The beds of nitrate of soda will last for hundreds of years, the present waste in ammonia from coal is immense, and the supply of manufactured nitrogen can be without limit.
Manufacturers claim that sulphate ofammonia and tankage would be better.
Both of these were equipped for the oxidation of ammoniato nitric acid, each using a different process.
Leon Lilienfeld added slaked lime or magnesia to the fused alkali, with a subsequent heating in a current ofammonia at 150 deg.
It may be prepared by the action of ammonia on diazobenzene perbromide; by the action of hydroxylamine on a diazonium sulphate (K.
Greiss' diazoimino benzene, C6H5N3, which is prepared by the addition of ammonia to diazobenzene perbromide.
If the use of liquid ammonia be objectionable, the granulated carbonate of ammonia will do equally well.
If copper be present, a bluish white precipitate will be formed when ammonia solution is added to the electrolyte.
The ammonia fumes are best obtained by placing dilute ammonia in shallow dishes, so that an extensive evaporating surface is obtained.
Neutralize a sample of the electrolyte with ammonia; boil a small portion with hydrogen peroxide, and add ammonia or caustic potash solution until the mixture becomes alkaline.
The ammonia and carbonic acid are united by a force quite sufficient to overcome the elasticity of the carbonic acid.
Priestley first made known sulphurous acid, fluosilicic acid, muriatic acid, and ammonia in the gaseous form; and pointed out easy methods of procuring them: he describes with exactness the most remarkable properties of each.
Now of all the bases known when Berthollet wrote, ammoniais capable of saturating the greatest quantity of acid.
Now ammonia is separated from acids by all the other bases; while there is not one capable of separating barytes.
Into the liquid thus neutralized, succinate or benzoate of ammonia is dropped, as long as any precipitate appears.
He determined the nature of the constituents of ammonia and prussic acid: he first determined the compound nature of common air, and the properties of the two elastic fluids of which it is composed.
It is to him that we are indebted for the first knowledge of the fact, that the salts of magnesia and ammonia have the property of uniting together, and forming double salts.
The same remark applies to his paper on the action ofammonia on the sulphate, nitrate, and muriate of mercury.
Amédée Berthollet had proved that ammoniais a compound of one volume of azotic, and three volumes of hydrogen gas.
When ammonia was decomposed by the action of galvanic electricity, the azotic gas separated from the positive wire, and the hydrogen gas from the negative.
Gehlen employed succinate of ammonia; but Hisinger afterwards showed that benzoate of ammonia might be substituted without any diminution of the accuracy of the separation.
Occasionally go over the rack with a rag wet with ammonia or washing soda solution.
If you should spill acid on your clothes, apply some of the ammonia immediately to neutralize the acid, which will otherwise burn a hole in your clothes.
Before sealing, always wipe the surfaces to be sealed with a rag wet with ammonia or soda solution, rinsed with water, and wiped dry with a rag or waste.
One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide.
A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin.
OC2H5, produced by the action of ammonia on ethyl carbonate.
Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.
One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by the action of ammonia on pyrotartaric acid.
It is regarded as a substituted ammonia containing three methyl groups.
You had better have a dose of that aromaticammonia and lie down for a while when we get to the top," suggested Miss Lizzie dryly.
When he had handed her the aromatic ammonia for Douglas and she had thanked him so sweetly, he had felt that surely the hatchet was buried between them and now they were to be friends.
Ammonia fuming preserves the figure of the wood better than any other form of staining, but it was thought that the oak might not take on a tone dark enough to meet the requirements.
The ammonia process resulted in a rich, soft surface, but in a colour too light.
All other woods, including red oak, are deficient in tannic acid, the essential element to combine with the ammonia gas in the production of the stain.
Here he was seated upon a cane couch, while a draught ofammonia and water was prepared, and held to him to drink.
Raise him up a little," said the doctor, after he had mixed some more ammonia and water; "I want him to drink this.
This ammonia is formed by the decomposition of the liquid manure, and its loss should be checked by sprinkling some floats, acid phosphate, or muck over the stable floor.
Sometimes one can detect the smell of ammonia in the stable.
If the tannin reagent produces no precipitate, reduce with hydrochloric acid and zinc, or ammonia and zinc, and neutralise and filter as in the case of a basic dye.
The mass is then washed, and boiled in a flask connected to a condenser with a strong solution of ammonia for about three to four hours.
The alternative treatment with bromine and ammoniais repeated until a white fibrous mass is obtained.
A small quantity of ammonium oxalate solution added to another portion of the dissolved calcium salt previously neutralised with ammonia produces a precipitate and indicates calcium.
The filtered solution is boiled with an excess of ammonia which gives a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydrate.
Ammonia shows only in Jupiter and faintly in Saturn; the gas is doubtless liquefied or solidified at the very low temperatures of the outer planets.
The midget answered in her tiny, brisk voice: "I'm bathing your face with ammonia which Mrs. Bybee sent.
It should be cologne, and this ammonia will probably dry your skin something dreadful, but it was the only thing we could get.
The muriate of ammonia contains the most ammonia, but the sulphate, in proportion to the ammonia, is cheaper than the muriate, and far cheaper than the carbonate.
It is as much ammonia as is contained in 1,000 lbs.
We have thought it desirable to plow under manure, in order to prevent the ammonia from escaping.
In commenting on this great loss ofammonia from liming, Prof.
It is when the water passes through the heap that it runs away with our soluble nitrogenous and mineral matter, and with any ready formed ammonia it may find in the manure.
I suppose 40 bushels per acre was all that the season was capable of producing, and an extra quantity of ammoniadid no good.
This is to be taken before each meal, and for the flatulence that often accompanies this trouble he gives menthol, aromatic spirit of ammonia and spirit of chloroform, as may be needed.
The important toxin liberated by the killed tissue is methyl cyanimide which combines ammonia (NH₂) from the amino acids, and thus becomes methyl guanidine.
Add a slight excess of ammonia water followed by 2 c.
Treat another portion with a slight excess of ammonia water; the supernatant liquid does not exhibit a bluish tint (copper).
A little carbonate of ammonia added to the water greatly improves their growth, and half-a-dozen grains of permanganate of potash added once a fortnight to the warm bath turns their foliage a rich dark green.
Milk white: a crystal of alum held over a glass containing ammoniawill become a milky white color upon its surface.
If nothing but dull coins are to be found, have a small bottle of ammonia at hand, and holding the piece in your hand, pour a few drops of the liquid upon it; let it stand a few moments and then wipe with a bit of cloth.
A third time let him begin with half the quantity of hydrochloric acid, and, adding as much ammonia as in the first case, again repeat the process.
Of course, he must previously have so far been made acquainted with the properties of hydrochloric acid and ammonia as to know that the excess of either would escape when the saline solution is evaporated over a water-bath.
When ammonia is decomposed by chlorine, the volume of the resulting nitrogen gas is one third of that of the chlorine gas employed.
For a last experiment let the student neutralize a weighed amount of dilute hydrochloric acid with aqua ammonia, noting approximately the amount of ammonia required.
Ammonia is recognized by its characteristic odor, and also by its turning a slip of moistened red litmus (held over the mouth of the tube) blue.
The odor of the evolved gas will be recognized, and if a piece of red litmus paper be moistened and held at the mouth of the tube, it will be turned blue by the escaping ammonia gas.
In the latter case, the first preparations were according to the convenient method devised by Vernon Harcourt, in which air charged with ammonia is passed over red-hot copper.
On heating in hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide, or with carbon or sodium, it is reduced to the metallic state.
On boiling their solution in caustic alkalis, ammonia is liberated.
For the action of ammonia on the cobaltous salts in the presence of air see Cobaltammines (below).
A large number of cobalt compounds are known, of which the empirical composition represents them as salts of cobalt to which one or more molecules of ammonia have been added.
By the addition of excess of ammonia to its aqueous solution, in the complete absence of air, a blue precipitate of a basic nitrate of the composition 6CoO.
Ammonia is of considerable marketable value, and even in places where the local Gas Act does not prescribe that it shall be removed, it is extracted.
This water is withdrawn from time to time and worked for the ammonia it contains.
The ammonia is derived from the nitrogen present in the coal combining with hydrogen during destructive distillation, the nitrogen becoming distributed amongst all three classes of products.
The spray of water removes the dust and part of the tar and ammonia from the gases, much steam being produced at the same time.
The final washing forammonia is effected in an apparatus termed a "scrubber," which is a cylindrical tower packed with boards 1/4 in.
The ammonia in the first class of compounds is technically spoken of as "free"; that present in the latter as "fixed.
To do this, saturated ammoniacal liquor is decomposed by lime in the presence of steam, and the freed ammonia is passed into strong sulphuric acid, the saturated solution of ammonium sulphate being carefully crystallized.
The most important of these is sulphate of ammonia, which is used for agricultural purposes as a manure, and is obtained by passing ammonia into sulphuric acid and crystallizing out the ammonium sulphate produced.
In this wet purifying apparatus the gas is almost wholly freed from ammonia and from part of the sulphuretted hydrogen, whilst carbon dioxide and carbon disulphide are also partially extracted.
Then, too, silver nitrate dissolved in ammonia gradually turns black as it is acted on by light and air.
Fumes of ammonia are one of the antidotes for poisoning of this kind.
The fumes of ammonia have formed the precipitate of black mercurous nitrate, a very distinct black writing which is almost indelible.
Then if you feel a faintness from the medicine the ammonia will quickly restore you.
But most people know that ammonia in some form is good for faintness of this sort, even if they don't know anything about cyanides and - " "Then it was cyanide?
Nothing was said to any one about Thurston, but Kennedy quietly arranged with the district attorney to be present with the note and the jar of ammonia properly safeguarded.
But she probably did know that ammonia is good for just that sort of faintness which she must have experienced after taking the powder.
She smells the ammoniaand then just tastes the headache-powder, a very foolish thing to do, for by the time Dr.
Delage at Roscorf used a liquid containing salts of magnesia and tannate of ammonia to produce the same result.
