The diazonium salts are characterized by their great reactivity and consequently are important reagents in synthetical processes, since by their agency the amino group in a primary amine may be exchanged for other elements or radicals.
The esters of the aliphatic amino acids may be diazotized in a manner similar to the primary aromatic amines, a fact discovered by T.
The synthesizer would reconvert the data, translate it into countless chemical and electrical formulae, and apply it to the raw material of carbons, amino acids, proteins, and other components.
These fragments or "building stones" as they have been fancifully called, are all of a distant class of chemical compounds known to chemists as amino acids.
Further it has been found, that many of our commonly used food proteins do not contain all 18 of theseamino acids components.
We then ask the next question: Are nuts adequate as far as their proteins contain these essential amino acids, and do nuts contain vitamines?
If, on the "chemical combination" theory, the vegetable tan combines with the amino groups and the chrome with carboxyl groups, it is natural to inquire which groups the dyestuffs combine with.
In mineral-tanned leathers the metal is combined with carboxyl groups, while in vegetable-tanned leather the tannin is combined with the amino groups.
The amino acid factors and hippuric acid in the urine of pellagrins.
LLOYD: On vitamines, aminoacids and other factors involved in the growth of meningococcus.
The importance of individual amino acids in diets.
The effect of the amino acid content of the diet upon the growth of chickens.
The amino acid minimum for maintenance and growth as exemplified by further experiments with lysine and tryptophane.
Brooks (in Richards and Brooks, 1958) has since found that the bacteroids of Blattella germanica "can supply the insect with B vitamins, amino acids and some larger protein fragment.
Noland and Baumann (1951) suggested that methionine, one of the amino acids essential for rapid growth of B.
It would, therefore, appear that the value of the amino bodies is largely of a stimulant character.
Casein, at best, is probably less valuable as a food than are certain other proteins, because of its lack of some of the amino groups essential in tissue building, and the addition of a glycerophosphate cannot supply this deficiency.
A considerable proportion of the nitrogenous matter contained in Valentine’s and Wyeth’s products is present in the form of amino bodies frequently included in the general term, “extractives.
Some appear to be of the opinion that the amino bodies are devoid of food value in that these bodies appear in the urine practically unchanged.
Proetin is now defined as any polymer of an amino acid joined by peptide (amide) bonds.
Most natural proteins have alpha-amino acids as the monomeric constituents.
In the case of Colloidal Iodine the whole of the Iodine is absorbed and enters into molecular combination with protein to form an iodo-amino acid and .
The important toxin liberated by the killed tissue is methyl cyanimide which combines ammonia (NH₂) from the amino acids, and thus becomes methyl guanidine.
The same increase accompanies the introduction of the aminogroup into aromatic nuclei.
By the action of hydroxylamine or phenylhydrazine on aldehydes or ketones, condensation occurs between the carbonyl oxygen of the aldehyde or ketone and the amino group of the hydroxylamine or hydrazine.
The amino group is more powerful than the hydroxyl, and the substitutedamino group more powerful still; the repeated substitution of hydroxyl groups sometimes causes an intensification and sometimes a diminution of colour.
He hid the taste of synthetic methionine--an essential amino acid not synthesized by Chlorella--by seasoning our algaeal repasts with pinches of oregano and thyme.
Worn-out molecules reclaimed from the head; packaged aminoacid additives.
Alkylated amino-azo-benzenes are also known, and are formed by the coupling of diazonium salts with alkylated amines, provided they contain a free para position with respect to the amino group.
They are usually yellowish brown or red in colour, the presence of more amino groups leading to browner shades, whilst the introduction of alkylated amino groups gives redder shades.
Proteins which contain all the amino acids essential for tissue building are known as complete proteins.
The protein molecule is made up of a number of organic units known as amino acids.
The proteins of cereals, for example, have been shown to be deficient in some of the essential amino acids.
Concentrated nitric acid attacks them violently, producing various oxidation products, but if the amino group be "protected" by being previously acetylated, then nitro derivatives are obtained.
The diamines contain two amino groups and bear the same relation to the glycols that the primary monamines bear to the primary alcohols.
It is to be noted that only traces of the aromatic amines are produced by heating the halogen substituted benzenes with ammonia, unless the amino group be situated in the side chain, as in the case of benzylamine.
Anilides, compounds in which the amino group is substituted by an acid radical, are prepared by heating aniline with certain acids; antifebrin or acetanilide is thus obtained from acetic acid and aniline.
From the sugars organic acids can be formed and these with ammonia (which was offered in the form of ammonium tartrate) may give rise to the formation of amino acids, the "building stones" of the proteins.
The thyroid contains iodine, and Morse[146] states that if instead of the gland, iodized amino acids are fed to the tadpole the same result can be produced.
Thus the proteins are digested down to the amino acids and these diffuse into the blood as demonstrated by Folin and by Van Slyke.
The different proteins differ in regard to the different types of amino acids which they contain.
Each organism develops from a tiny microscopic germ and grows by synthetizing the non-specific building stones (amino acids) into the specific proteins of the species.
Condensation of Phenols Condensation of Hydroxybenzene Condensation of Dihydroxybenzene Trihydroxy benzene Polyhydroxybenzenes Quinone Phenolic Ethers Nitro Bodies Amino Bodies Aromatic Alcohols Aromatic Acids 3.
Experience has taught that the amino bodies--the basic N-derivatives of the phenols--do not yield substances possessing tannoid properties on condensation.
A diazo salt is formed, and is then made to react in solution with a hydroxy compound or an amino compound, &c.
In the preparation of the azo dyes the starting-point is a primary amine; the amino group is 'diazotized', i.
Labeling anAmino Acid with a Radioactive Isotope Suppose we have the amino acid leucine labeled with ¹⁴C and we inject a solution containing it into an experimental animal.
We mentioned, for instance, that all cells can be labeled by a brief exposure to a radioactive amino acid, a precursor of proteins; this means that protein synthesis occurs throughout the entire cell cycle, including mitosis.
Autoradiography, by the way, is of little help in studying most protein synthesis because all cells are always synthesizing proteins and so are all labeled after a single exposure to a radioactive amino acid.
Amino Acids and Protein Structure Aminoacids are the fundamental structural units of proteins.
Illustration: Figure 21 A paper chromatography showing separation of amino acids in two directions.
With RNA precursors autoradiography at least told us where RNA was being made, but with amino acids we do not even get this information because proteins are synthesized both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm.
We could label a mixture of several amino acids, but, for the sake of clarity, we will describe the incorporation of a single labeled amino acid.
There is thus a particular s-RNA molecule for each amino acid and a particular triplet of bases on the m-RNA molecule for each triplet of bases that is specific to the s-RNA molecule.
In this process the machinery has translated the nucleic-acid code into the protein code; that is, it has translated a sequence of the bases into a sequence of amino acids.
In the intestinal juice is another enzyme called erepsin, which also forms amino acids from proteoses and peptones, thus finishing any digestion of protein left incomplete by the trypsin.
In the pancreatic juice is a powerful enzyme called trypsin, which digests proteins, first to fragments, next smaller than proteoses, called peptones, and finally breaks these peptones into amino acids.
The amino acids that are circulating in the blood stream after every meal are primarily to be used for repairing protoplasmic wastage; also they serve for the manufacture of new protoplasm, provided growth is going on.
When we eat lean beef or pork we get exactly the same eighteen amino acids that are in our own proteins, but not put together in precisely the same way.
There are some plant proteins which lack one or two of the amino acids that are present in human proteins and when a growing animal goes on a diet in which these are the only proteins present it at once stops growing.
A moment ago we saw that in the case of the amino acids the nitrogen is removed before they are ready for use as fuel.
We do not know certainly which tissues have the power of decomposing the surplus amino acids.
Gelatin is useful as a food, therefore, only in combination with other proteins that contain the necessary amino acids; or after the nitrogen has been taken out, it becomes a good fuel.
What we have to do with these proteins is to break them up into the amino acids of which they are composed and then put these together again in the combination which makes up human protein.
In this respect plants as providers of amino acids are less economical than animals, because animal proteins have more nearly the same proportions of the different amino acids as do our own human proteins.
The energy for metabolism can come from any of the foodstuffs; these are present in the blood stream in the form of sugar or fat or amino acids.
These organic acids all contain nitrogen, which puts them into a class to which is given the name of amino acids.
The position of the amino groups in pararosaniline was determined by the work of H.
CH(C6H4NH2)2 be reduced, then pararosaniline is the final product, and consequently the third amino group occupies the para position.
As the hydroxyl groups in aurin correspond to the amino groups in pararosaniline, two of these in the latter compound must be in the para position.
To make them soluble, enzymes break down the proteins, separating the individual amino acids one from the other, becauseamino acids are soluble.
There are virtually an infinite number of different proteins but all are composed of the same few dozen amino acids hooked together in highly variable patterns.
Enzymes that digest proteins work as though they are mirror images of a particularamino acid.
Once this happens, pancreatic enzymes no longer fit and cannot separate all the amino acids.
The precursors are two essential amino acids, argenine and ornithine and certain vitamins such as C and B6.
Together these break proteins down into water-soluble amino acids.
Proteins are long, complex molecules, intricate chains whose individual links are amino acids.
Not only do different samples of the same type of food differ wildly in protein content, amino acid ratios and mineral content, their vitamin and vitamin-like substances also vary according to soil fertility and the variety grown.
Then they break the bonds holding that amino acid to others in the protein chain, and then, what I find so miraculous about this process, the enzyme is capable of finding yet another amino acid to free, and then yet another.
Insulin regulates blood sugar levels but also raises brain levels of an amino acid called tryptophan.
Thus you should see that by combining a limited number of aminoacids there can be a virtually infinite number of proteins.
This system balances the proportions of essential amino acids at every, single meal and is vegetarian.
Other amino acids help my body manufacture growth hormones and I use them from the time I begin training seriously in spring through the end of the summer triathlon competition season.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "amino" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
