In the whole of these guns, so far as I can judge, the erosion is certainly not greater than with ordinary powder, and differs from it remarkably in appearance.
Noble says in this connection: "It is almost unnecessary to explain that freedom from rapid erosion is of very high importance in view of the rapid deterioration of the bores of large guns when fired with charges developing very high energies.
The erosion also extends over a shorter length of surface, and in small arms it is said to be no greater than in the case of black powder.
Noble points out that the erosion caused is of a totally different kind to that of black powder.
The work of erosion has been very slow, as the basalt is tough and hard, and one column after another must have been undermined and reduced to pebbles, and then to sand.
Now, the walls of a vertical fissure, through which lava has ascended in its way to a volcanic vent, must have been exposed to the same erosion as the sides of the channels before adverted to.
It flows into the Gulf of Martaban, and near its mouth its course is constantly changing owing toerosion and corresponding accretions.
The outer part of the solid earth, the portion undergoing change through the gradual transfer of material by volcanic eruption, the circulation of underground water, and the process of erosion and deposition.
Defn: A land surface reduced by erosion to the general condition of a plain, but not wholly devoid of hills; a base-level plain.
Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing.
This formation results from the erosion of transverse waves previously formed.
He emphasized the idea thaterosion works upstream, which Löwl has later developed farther.
Mitscherlich speaks of erosion of the gums and tongue with hemorrhage at the slightest provocation, following the long administration of dilute nitric acid.
So great is the erosion that were not the lake of enormous depth, it would soon be filled with the jetsam and flotsam of the hills.
The one-time shore slowly mounted skyward, and as the new upheavals rose from the ocean deeps the lines of erosion were in turn wrought on them, and river shore succeeded river shore through long ages.
As in many developing countries, deforestation and soil erosion will hamper efforts to maintain the high rate of GDP growth.
China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development; furthermore, the regime gives insufficient priority to agricultural research.
The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion continue to reduce the production potential.
The erosion of the pot may be obviated in some measure by mixing iron borings or cinder (hammerschlag) with the other materials, to the amount of one or two hundredths of the potash.
It is proper to heat all the parts of the cylinders equably, to insure the simultaneous decomposition of the salt, and to protect it from the acid; for the hotter the iron, and the stronger the acid, the less erosion ensues.
The drainage is good, but wherever the slopes are steep erosion proceeds rapidly, making gullies and washed-out places that hinder or entirely prevent cultivation.
The rocks have been exposed to the action of erosion during many epochs, and have yielded differently according to their natures.
Especially subject to erosion are the areas in which the subsoil contains a relatively large proportion of mica fragments.
Uplift and erosionto lower Pleistocene baselevel; deposition of low-level Columbia.
As the formation is followed westward it is more and more dissected by erosion and finally removed.
Uplift, warping anderosion to Pleistocene baselevel; deposition of high-level Columbia.
The Loudoun formation, of course, followed a period of erosion of the Catoctin Belt, since it is the first subaqueous deposit.
Different stages in the process of erosion can be distinguished and to some extent correlated with the time scale of the rocks in other regions.
This gravel is much disturbed by recent erosion and consists rather of scattered fragments than of a bedded deposit.
The low clayey or sandy shores are subject to erosion by waves.
Following this, the Black Hills area was repeatedly uplifted, and erosion exposed the older sedimentary and intrusive rocks.
The uplift of the Black Hills and the subsequenterosion have exposed the rocks, from which the geologic history of the area may be interpreted.
After the Gypsum Spring formation was deposited, the sea retreated, and another period of erosion followed before Late Jurassic time when the sea invaded the area again and the Sundance formation was deposited.
Devils Tower owes its impressiveness to its resistance to erosion as compared with the surrounding sedimentary rocks, and to the contrast of the somber color of the igneous column to the brightly colored bands of sedimentary rocks.
The Gypsum Spring formation was deposited in the sea in Middle Jurassic time following a period of uplift and erosion that occurred after the deposition of the Spearfish formation.
The differences in thickness are primarily the result of erosion of the Gypsum Spring formation prior to the deposition of the Stockade Beaver shale member of the Sundance formation (Imlay, 1947, p.
The trabecular framework of the bone undergoes erosion and absorption--rarefying ostitis--and either disappears altogether or only irregular fragments or sequestra of microscopic dimensions remain in the area affected.
The leakage may occur in drops, or as a rush of blood, according to the extent of the erosion, the size of the artery concerned, and the relations of the erosion to the surrounding tissues.
The edges and deep surface of the sequestrum present a serrated or worm-eaten appearance due to the process of erosion by which the dead bone has been separated from the living.
Hæmorrhage from erosion of arterial or venous trunks may take place and endanger life.
Pain is usually a prominent symptom, and is largely referable to the pressure of the aneurysm on the vertebræ or the sternum, causing erosion of these bones.
The local lesion varies from a synovitis with infiltration of the synovial membrane and effusion of serum or pus, to an acute arthritis with erosion of cartilage, caries of the articular surfaces, and disorganisation of the joint.
Such bones as the sternum and vertebræ undergo erosion and are absorbed by the gradually increasing pressure of the aneurysm.
Radiogram of Aneurysm of Aorta, showing laminated clot and erosion of bodies of vertebræ.
The septic process causes softening and erosion of the wall of the artery so that it gives way under the pressure of the contained blood.
The mechanical pressure of a fragment of bone or of a rubber drainage tube upon the vessel may aid the septic process in causing erosion of the artery.
It was probably located a considerable distance from the shore, although erosion in recent times has eaten back the cliff.
Further experiments are wanting on this subject to show whether metallic bodies emit either or both of the electric ethers at the time of their solution or erosion in acids or in alcalies.
It was planned to underpin the walls, whereerosion at the ground level had weakened them, with hard-burned brick laid in cement mortar.
As four years have elapsed since the completion of the work, it should be possible now to determine whether atmospheric erosion has played a material part in the work of destruction.
The region has but slight erosion by wind, and practically none by rain.
Rocks that are made out of fragments of other rocks torn down by the agencies of erosion are called fragmental.
But the upheavals of the crust have broken open and erosion has uncovered these strata in different regions.
The Mississippi below Memphis is thrown into a wonderful series of curves by the erosion and the deposit caused by the current zigzagging back and forth from one bank to the other.
In dry climates, especially, the gentleness of erosion allows of more thorough decomposition of the outcroppings, and a mechanical separation of the gold from the detritus.
In wet climates this is less pronounced, for erosion bears away the croppings before such an extensive decomposition and freeing of the gold particles.
One common feature of these fresh-water shells, whether Neritinae, Navicellae, or Melaniae, is the extensive erosion of the apices and surrounding parts of the shells.
Mile after mile we traversed, first riding on the dry bed of the winter stream, then entering the narrower walls formed by the erosion of centuries through first one stratum of rock, then another.
Facing page xvi A Freak of Erosion in the Petrified Forest.
Over this traverse barrier the affluents of all upper lakes once poured their waters, and here the work of erosion began.
The Zambesi is thought to present a great difficulty to the erosion theory, because of the sinuosity of the chasm below the Victoria Falls.
But erosion acts without ceasing on the abutting points of the boulder, thus withdrawing their support, and urging them down the river.
In doing this, it is first necessary to restore the constructional topography of the region; that is, the form that the surface would have had if no erosion had accompanied its deformation.
In consequence of this elevation, a new cycle of erosion was entered upon, which I shall call the Jura-Cretaceous cycle.
The essential point for our subsequent consideration is that the Jurassic deformation was probably accompanied by a moderate elevation, for it allowed the erosion of the Newark beds and of laterally adjacent areas as well.
Let the succession of beds to be discovered by erosion be indicated in a section, laid in proper position on the several diagrams, but revolved into the horizontal plane, the harder beds being dotted and the baselevel standing at OO.
During and for a long time after this period of mountain growth, the destructive processes of erosion wasted the land and lowered its surface.
