These Bacilli thrive in warm climates, although found in cold countries.
LOCK-JAW (Tetanus) CAUSE: The bacilliof Tetanus are widely distributed and can be found in practically every part of the globe.
Our allies, the Japanese, went into the Russian campaign prepared as fully against bacilli as against bullets, with the result that the percentage of deaths from disease was the lowest that has ever been attained in a great war.
It was probably by flies and by dust carrying the germs that the bacilli were so fatal in South Africa.
More died from the bacilli of this disease than from the bullets of the Boers.
While the bullets from your foes are to be dreaded," he said, "the bacilli are far more dangerous.
Very recently, Bacot and Martin (1914) have paid especial attention to the question of the mechanism of the transmission of the plague bacilli by fleas.
The following observations were made: (a) Many fleas were caught in the tangle-foot, a certain proportion of which were found on dissection to contain in their stomachs abundant bacilli microscopically identical with plague bacilli.
Hertzog found the bacilli in a head-louse, Pediculus humanus, taken from a child which had died from the plague, and McCoy found them in a louse taken from a plague-infected squirrel.
From these experiments he concluded, first, that all of the above-named flies, when given an opportunity to feed upon leprous fluids, will contain the bacilli in their intestinal tracts and feces for several days after such feeding.
Various students of the subject have suggested that bed-bugs may be the carriers of leprosy and have determined the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the intestines of bed-bugs which had fed on leprous patients.
It was found that a film of this infected blood spread out under the body of the flea and that thus the bacilli might be inoculated by the bite of the insect and by scratching.
Liston (1905) even found, and subsequent investigations confirmed, that the plague bacilli multiply in the stomach of the insect and that thus the blood ejected was richer in the organisms than was that of the diseased animal.
It is known that thebacilli are to be found in the tubercles, the scurf of the skin, nasal secretions, the sputum and, in fact in practically all the discharges of the leper.
They found that during coughing, in pneumonic plague cases, even when sputum visible to the naked eye is not expelled, plague bacilli in large numbers may become widely disseminated into the surrounding air.
And I carried off the microscope, bacilli and all, into Hilda Wade's sitting-room.
He pushed away the bacilli in the nearest watch-glass quite angrily.
Every Fourth of July an epidemic occurs, because these bacilli are carried deeply into wounds before wads from blank cartridges.
It is a far cry, from the present method of counting how many tubercle-bacilli are taken up by a single blood-cell, back to Villemin's rabbits.
Guiseppe Bosso, of the University of Turin, died of infection contracted in the course of cultivations of tubercle-bacilli made in his laboratory.
These bacilli measure only from a half to one and one-and-a-half micromillimeters in diameter.
But it will perhaps be said, "If the tubercle bacilli are so widely diffused, why do we not all acquire tuberculosis, and why was the world not long since depopulated?
It follows from what has been said that the only way in which we can acquire tuberculosis is by getting into our bodies tubercle bacilli from tuberculous men or animals.
It is indispensable to employ a very virulent bacillus; it is hence frequently advantageous to increase the virulence and toxigenic power of the bacilli it is desired to use.
Koch's therapeutic tuberculin is obtained by evaporating to one-tenth its volume a culture bouillon of Koch's tubercle bacilli prepared from a 4-per cent.
On the other hand, no abortion bacilli could be found in the uterus of another heifer a month after she had aborted.
That some of it remains behind for a short period is certain, since we were able to demonstrate abortion bacilli in material obtained from the vagina of a heifer three days after she had aborted.
In microscopic preparations of the diseased placenta he was able to recognize numerous short bacilli and micrococci.
As the bacilli are disseminated through the animal body they affect many parts and cause the formation of an enormous number of tubercles.
When it is stroked or handled a peculiar crackling sound is heard under the skin; this is due to a collection of gas formed by the bacilli as they multiply.
It is well known that thebacilli withstand drying for months before they lose their power of producing disease.
There were, consequently, four degrees of virulence noted in these 39 cultures of bacilli from human sources and three degrees of virulence in the 7 cultures from animal.
Mohler, working in the Pathological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, obtained 3 very virulent cultures of tubercle bacilli from the human subject.
Moreover, the bacilli may be absent at one time and present at another in milk from the same cow.
The bacilli can reach the lungs by inhalation only when the bacilli are thoroughly dried and pulverized and in condition to be carried by currents of air.
Tubercle bacilliin large numbers have been found in the milk and the udder under such circumstances.
These experiments and observations indicate that the types of tubercle bacilli are very inconstant, and that under suitable conditions they readily change both in morphology and in virulence.
Fortunately, tubercle bacilli are readily destroyed by the temperature of boiling water, and hence both meat and milk are made safe, the former by the various processes of cooking, the latter by boiling for a few moments.
Smith mentioned also certain morphological and cultural differences in bacilli from these two sources, and in the location and histology of the lesions in cattle produced by such bacilli.
The number of bacilli as a rule did not decrease until the sputum had attained a phlegmy appearance (only such patients were selected for these experiments in whose expectorations bacilli were contained).
It will certainly be best to avoid such milk, especially when the cow's udder is found to be tuberculously diseased or when tubercle-bacilli can be traced in the milk.
Therefore the prospects of directly destroying the bacilliin the human body had to be given up as impossible.
On the other hand there are various obstacles in the way of tubercle-bacilli entering the lungs.
The poorly nourished offer a good soil for the tubercle bacilli in consequence of their weakness.
Those infinitely small and weak tubercle-bacilli have the power to destroy the hard and firm substance of the bones, to soften it and change it to pus.
If the latter progresses more rapidly so also will the destruction of the larynx by the tubercle-bacilli be a more rapid one and vice versa.
With this it is admitted that the remedy will not be able to effect cures, without any more ado, yes, even the tubercle bacilli may continue to infect parts of the body even in spite of the action of the remedy.
But the tubercle bacilliwill also settle in any other portions of the body and cause tuberculosis.
It is then only necessary to continue the treatment at intervals and with gradually increased doses as long as any bacilli remain in the system, to protect the patient from a new infection.
As it is a fact that there are always several consumptives among a number of people, so in this case there will always be occasion to inhale the tubercle-bacilli that have been cast out by the consumptives.
The temperature of boiling water destroys the vitality of the bacilli under all circumstances.
The majority of cases occur in adult males, who suffer from advanced pulmonary or laryngeal phthisis, the tongue being infected by bacilli from the sputum or through the blood stream.
An excess of mono-nuclear lymphocytes and, sometimes, tubercle bacilli may be discovered in the cerebro-spinal fluid withdrawn by lumbar puncture.
In any event, Pasteur began to investigate hydrophobia, and at length discovered the bacilli which produce it.
It was noticed, however, that with each transference of the virus to a new organic body the bacilli were modified somewhat in form and activity.
The bacilli of one disease after another have been discovered, and the means have been invented of defending the larger animal life from the ravages of microscopic organisms.
Two cultivations of lowly virulent bacilli were therefore grown by Mr. Shattock in flasks upon a favourable medium over which was drawn sewer air.
Samples of soil polluted with organic matter formed a favourable environment for livingbacilli of typhoid for 456 days, whereas in sterilised soil, without organic matter, these organisms lived only twenty-three days.
Shattock[24] on the negative action of sewer air in raising the toxicity of lowly virulent bacilli of diphtheria.
To demonstrate in a rapid manner the presence of cholera bacilli in evacuations, even when present in small numbers, a small quantity must be taken up by means of a platinum wire and placed in a solution containing 1 per cent.
It was not till Davaine had inoculated healthy animals with bacilli from the blood of an anthrax carcass, and had thus produced the disease, that reliance could be placed upon that bacillus as the vera causa of anthrax.
But it was not till 1876 that Koch finally settled the matter by isolating the bacilli in pure culture and describing their biological characters.
A very small prick will extract enough blood to examine for the anthrax bacilli which are driven by the force of the blood-current to the small surface capillaries.
The bacilli or spores of tubercle present in sputum in great abundance cannot, by any chance whatever, infect the air until, and unless, the sputum dries.
Fractional or discontinuous sterilisation depends on the principle of heating to the sterilising point for bacilli (say 70°C.
The contained bacilliare killed by heating the fluid to 70° C.
By the blood-vessels, by means of which bacilli may be carried to distant organs.
Nor do typhoid bacilli lose activity or virulence by passing through an oyster.
He showed the presence of the bacilli in all known tuberculous lesions and in tuberculous expectoration, and demonstrated the virulence in sputum which had been dried for eight weeks.
Cases in which the clinical history and physical signs make the diagnosis certain (presence of tubercle bacilli in the sputum render, of course, any other test unnecessary).
Toxic secretions of the tubercle bacilli into the culture fluid, or such of them as are soluble in 50% glycerine 4.
But the presence of colon bacilli in drinking water is an indication of the presence of a really dangerous thing--sewage.
To this end, he analyzed the gas, and when he determined that the fermentation was due to the presence of colon bacilli in the water, he sent out his warning.
Not that the colon bacilli are a menace to health.
We know now that it was a legion of bacilli infernales which went out of the tomb-haunting man into the Gadarene swine and drove them tumultuously over a precipice into the sea.
Complete isolation should be observed during the illness, and as long as the bacilli remains in the throat.
Cultures were made of these samples, and bacilli of different types were developed in the culture medium in a short time.
More than 1,115 lepra-like bacilliwere counted in a single fly-speck.
If the flea chances to be feeding on a plague-infected rat or person many of the plague bacilliwill get on the mouth-parts and myriads of them are of course sucked up into the stomach with the blood.
Anthrax bacilliare carried about and deposited by flies showing the possibility of the disease being spread in this way.
These bacilli have been found at various times in the stomach or intestine of mosquitoes, fleas and bedbugs.
Plague bacilli may be found in fleas from four to six days after they have sucked the blood of an animal dying with plague.
As the lepræ bacilli are present in the skin and ulcers of leprous patients, insects sucking the blood or feeding on the sores could not help taking some of them into their body or becoming contaminated.
The latter is probably the most common method of infection, for the bacilli that are liberated when the flea is crushed may readily be rubbed into the wound made by the flea bite or into abrasions of the skin due to the scratching.
Tubercular bacilli pass through the digestive tract of flies and remain virulent.
Records taking tick on a plague-sick rat and finding bacilli similar to plague bacilli in connection with it.
Although these bacilli are so extremely minute (Fig.
Very recently certain investigators have found that the lepræ bacilli are often closely associated with these face mites and believe that they may possibly aid in the dissemination of leprosy.
Believes that the bacilli may enter the system through the digestive tract and that flies carry them to our food.
The rheumatism or snuffles you get from sleeping between their icy sheets comes from the crop of bacilli which has lurked there since they were last aired.
Diphtheria antitoxin, for instance, the first and best known triumph of the new medicine, is the antidotal substance formed in the blood of a horse in response to a succession of increasing doses of the bacilli of diphtheria.
If one of these faint rose-colored spots be pricked with a needle and a drop of blood be drawn, typhoid bacilli will often be found in it, and they will also be present in the clear fluid of the tiny sweat blisters.
There is another interesting feature of its life history which is of practical importance, and that is, like many other bacilli it is increased in virulence and infectiousness by passing through the body of a patient.
Every one of them was well recognized as a possible result of diphtheria long before the antitoxin was discovered, and every one of them can be readily produced by injections of diphtheria bacilli or their toxin into animals.
It is difficult to catch a cold or pneumonia unless the bacilli are there to be caught.
It had some of those queer little things they call bacilli in it, and Dr.
Light contains in its spectrum many different colours, which act quite differently upon living tissues; the ultra-violet rays, for instance, kill the bacilli of tuberculosis and sometimes effect cures in cases of cancer.
To a slight extent also it appears to be able to invade the tissues of the body, for the bacilli are found in the walls of the intestines.
Here the bacilli multiply in the blood, and very soon a general and fatal infection of the whole body arises, resulting from the abundance of the bacilli everywhere.
But in other instances the bacilli may after a time slowly or rapidly distribute themselves from these centres, attacking more and more of the body until perhaps fatal results follow in the end.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "bacilli" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
