Shrinkage of the heartwood may be concentric as well as radial in its action, thus producing cup shake instead of, or in connection with, heart shake.
One of these specimens will be cut with its width in the radial direction and will be used for the determination of radial shrinkage.
Two penetrations each are made on the tangential and radial surfaces, and one on each end of every specimen tested.
Marking: The shrinkage specimens will retain the shipment and piece numbers and marks of the bolts from which they are taken, and will have the additional mark 7R or 7T according as their widths are in the radial or tangential direction.
In typical heart shake the centre of the hole shows indications of becoming hollow and radial clefts of varying size extend outward from the pith, being widest inward.
Spruce expands less than oak, the ratio of radial to longitudinal expansion being about six to one.
For sketches showing radialand tangential cleavage, see Fig.
When shake consists of several radialclefts it is termed star shake.
The hand of an emaciated individual may be readily injected, both arteries and veins, by fixing the pipe in the radial artery.
The radial shrinkage of the summer-wood, however, is constantly interrupted by the alternate rows of spring-wood, so that there would not be so much radial as circumferential shrinkage.
If, immediately after felling, a log is sawn in two lengthwise, the radial splitting may be largely avoided, but the flat sides will tend to become convex, as in Fig.
But in the conifers and also in some of the broad-leaved trees, altho they can be discerned with the naked eye on a split radial surface, still they are all very small.
Pores of summer wood arranged in radial branching lines (when very crowded radial arrangement somewhat obscured).
Three to six small pits on the radial walls of each cell of the pith ray.
As a matter of fact, the tangential or circumferential shrinkage is twice as great as the radial shrinkage.
Sassafras and mulberry may be confounded but for the greater weight and hardness and the absence of odor in the mulberry; the radial section of mulberry also shows the pith rays conspicuously.
Color uniform pale yellow; pith rays not conspicuous even on the radial section .
The photographs of tangential and radial sections are life size.
Diagram ofRadial Section of Log (exaggerated) Showing Annual Cones of Growth.
One or two large pits to each tracheid on the radial walls of each cell of the pith ray.
On a radial or tangential section, one's finger nail can easily indent the inner portion of the ring, tho the outer dark part of the ring may be very hard.
A large radial velocity seems therefore to be a galactic phenomenon and to be correlated to a great distance from us.
Generally we find from column 9 that these stars with large radial velocity possess also a large proper motion.
The apparent motion of the stars will be given in radial components (W) expressed in sir.
From the discussion below of the radial velocities of the stars we shall find that this is a rather small figure.
The following table contains all stars with a radial velocity greater than 20 sir.
We thus find in the radial velocities fresh evidence, independent of the distance, that these bright stars are giants among the stars in our stellar system.
According to the general law of statistical mechanics already mentioned small bodies upon an average have a great absolute velocity, as we have, indeed, already found from the observed radial velocities of these stars.
Footnote 14: A catalogue ofradial velocities has this year been published by J.
The radial velocity is, numerically, greater than could have been supposed.
For some of the stars (4) the radial velocity is for the present unknown, but the others have, with few exceptions, a rather great velocity amounting in the mean to 18 sir.
A brass graduated circle with one fixed and two radial legs; by placing them at two adjoining angles taken by a sextant between three known objects, the position of the observer is fixed on the chart.
But as it left the muzzle it expanded to a cross, with four quarters of a shot at its radial points.
Capstan-bars, large thick bars put into the holes of the drumhead of the capstan, by which it is turned round, they working as horizontal radial levers.
Cylindrical and radial surfaces are often turned in this way in order to avoid shifting the tool, especially when machining parts in quantity.
By referring to the end view, it will be seen that each cutter is offset with relation to the center of the bar, in order to locate the front of the tool on a radial line.
B) Boring Pulley Held in Chuck] A round-nosed tool t of the shape shown can be used for radial facing or turning operations of the kind illustrated.
The radial facing tool should be ground to slope downward toward a (see Fig.
B) Tool Set for Finishing both Cylindrical andRadial Surfaces] In Fig.
By having two micrometers or gages, one set for the radial dimension x and the other for the chordal distance y, the work may be done in a comparatively short time.
Special Arbor for Turning Eccentrics] When making an eccentric arbor, the offset center in each end should be laid out upon radial lines which can be drawn across the arbor ends by means of a surface gage.
The former includes all those diatoms which in the valve view possess a radial symmetry around a central point, and which are destitute of a raphe (or a pseudoraphe).
The average radial velocity of 47 planetary nebulae is about 45 km.
The radial velocities of only three Wolf-Rayet stars have been observed, and this number is too small to have statistical value, but the average for the three is several times as high as the average for the helium stars.
One man having designed a tack head, ornamented with radial lines, was compelled to take out one patent for his tack with six radial lines, and another for the same tack with eight.
One of the earliest attempts to devise distinctive power plant designs for aircraft involved the construction of engines utilizing a radial arrangement of the cylinders or a star-wise disposition.
The latest rotary types, such as the Gnome, Monosoupape, and Le Rhone, are fully explained, as well as the recently developed Vee and radial types.
The Walschaert and Other Modern Radial Valve Gears for Locomotives.
The course of the gases is practically a radial one.
How Anzani Ten-Cylinder Radial Engine is Installed to Plate Securely Attached to Front End of Tractor Airplane Fuselage.
Owing to the radial arrangement of the cylinders, the weight is but 4-1/4 pounds per B.
Sectional View Showing Construction of Canton and Unne Water-Cooled Radial Cylinder Engine.
A boulevard thoroughfare should extend the length of the valley, serving not only as a cross-town connection between important radial thoroughfares, but as a link in a circumferential parkway system.
Sawmill Run valley offers a splendid opportunity for a connecting and radial thoroughfare from the West End to Bell Tavern and thence south to Fairhaven, Castle Shannon, and points beyond in Bethel, Snowden and Jefferson townships.
As a further improvement, opening up this high land and connecting the important radial thoroughfares, this new street should be extended north along the hilltop to Frankstown Road.
Braddock Avenue should be an important thoroughfare, cross-town from Frankstown Avenue to Forbes Street, and radial from Forbes Street southeast.
Stanton Avenue is already an important thoroughfare feeding the high sections of Morningside and cross-connecting many radial streets especially in the Highland Park District.
The cells forming the limbs of the ectodermic folds secrete nodules of calcite, and these, fusing together, give rise to six (or twelve) vertical radial plates or septa.
In Actinia, as in all Anthozoan zooids, the coelenteron is not a simple cavity, as in a Hydroid, but is divided by a number of radial folds or curtains of soft tissue into a corresponding number of radial chambers.
In Favosites hemisphaerica a number of radial spines, projecting into the cavity of the corallite, give it the appearance of a madreporarian coral.
Mainly colonial, rarely solitary corals, with radial septa, but bilateral arrangement indicated by persistence of a main septum.
These radialfolds are known as mesenteries, and their position and relations may be understood by reference to figs.
Solitary and colonial corals, with numerous radialsepta united by synapticulae.
The septa, radial plates of calcite reaching from the periphery nearly or quite to the centre of the coral-cup or calicle.
A method of finger-tip palpation of the radial artery.
In a cross section of the radial artery one sees a wavy outline of intima, caused by the endothelium following the corrugations of the elastica.
Frequently an exceedingly tortuous artery, such as the brachial, may be seen throughout its whole extent and yet the radial appear little, if any, thickened by palpation.
The Examination of the Arteries= It is exceedingly difficult at times to affirm definitely that an artery, the radial for example, is actually sclerosed.
In arteriosclerosis with low tension the radial artery is usually so rigid that very little pulse wave can be obtained.
When he was examined his pulse was of good quality and owing to the fleshiness of the wrist it was difficult to say positively whether the radial artery was sclerosed or not.
With the fingers of one hand on the radial pulse, the bag is compressed until the pulse is no longer felt.
To estimate the blood pressure by palpating the radial artery is most deceptive.
This may be obtained by palpating the radial artery against the lower end of the radius.
Another method of finger-tip palpation of the radial artery.
The radial artery was palpated to determine the presence of sclerosis.
The last sometimes show very beautiful outer rings having radial dimensions such as would be produced by radium A and radium C.
It would attain at the central point beneath the satellite its maximum vertical effect, and at some radial distance measured outwards from this point, which distance we can calculate, its maximum horizontal tearing effect.
The 224 extraordinary uniformity of the radial measurements of perfectly formed haloes (to use the name by which they have long been known) suggests that they may be the result of alpha radiation.
I must tell you that I had a gun in my hand as we approached the South Radial Intermix.
The lights of the South Radial Intermix were in sight ahead now.
For they lack not merely the characteristic radial supports of fishes, but even actinotrichia.
That the concrescence of the radial supporting elements of the fin took place pari passu with the development of a strengthening dermal support of the fin margin was the view expressly formulated in my previous paper on this subject.
This distal thinner portion is at first without any evidence of rays; further than that there is a manifest tendency to a radial disposition of the histological elements of the fin.
Note that the forewing has five branches (1-5) of the radial nervure, the hindwing one only.
There is a membranous lobe or jugum near the base of the wing, and the neuration of the hindwing is closely like that of the forewing, the radial nervure being five-branched in both.
The wings have no jugum, but there is a frenulum on the hindwing, which has, as in all the groups above the Jugatae, only a single radial nervure.
The Libytheidae may be recognized by the elongate snout-like palps, the five-branched radial nervure of the forewing, the cylindrical hairy larva, and the pupa attached only by the cremaster.
The sub-costal nervure of the hindwing is usually present and distinct from the radial nervure.
Noctuidae, but their wing-neuration is more specialized, the sub-costal nervure of the hindwing being confluent with the radial for the basal part of its course.
The hindwing carries a frenulum and has its sub-costal nervure connected with the radial by a short bar.
Two or more of the radial nervures in the forewing arise from a common stalk or are suppressed.
The forewing has the full number of radial nervures, distinct and evenly spaced, and two anal nervures; the frenulum is usually absent.
The forewing has only three or four radial nervures (fig.
Note that there are five branches to the radialnervure (No.
The maxillae are well developed, the hindwing has a frenulum, and its sub-costal nervure touches the radial near the base.
The fifth radial nervure does not arise from the third, the maxillae are well developed, but their palps are obsolete; the head is densely clothed with erect scales; the terminal segment of the labial palp is short and obtuse.
As the concrete rose toward the key, it was packed up to a radial surface, so that the arch would not be unduly weakened if the sides set before the key was placed.
The non-radial joint is placed next to the key, which is 12.
The plain rings were built up so that the radial joints broke joint from ring to ring, but with the bore-segment rings this could not be done, without unnecessarily adding to the types of segments.
Where this difficulty begins the astigmatism begins, and the greater the difference there is between the focal planes of the radial lines and the circles, the greater is the astigmatism.
A radial grooved iron plate is made fast to the frame under the bell and close to it, on which is laid a free cannon-ball.
In this disk are twelve radial slits; back of the fixed disk is a revolving plate, containing as many similar openings.
The medullary rays are many and obscure, but when wood is sawed or split along a radial line, they are easily seen, and show the true maple luster.
Quarter-sawing produces no figure, but when sawed at right angles to the radial lines, the annual rings are cut in a way to give figure resembling that of ash or chestnut.
They run in regular, radial lines, close together, and the pores are in rows between.
The medullary rays are broad and abundant, but are rather short, measured along the radial lines.
It has small and obscure medullary rays, and its pores are arranged more like those of live oak than of chestnut; that is they run in wavy, radial lines and not in concentric rings as in chestnut.
With most timbers cleavage is easiest along the radial lines, that is, from the heart to the bark.
In wood sawed alongradial lines, from heart to sap, small silvery flecks are numerous.
The arrangements for delivering vessels on radial slips is seen in plan at fig.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "radial" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: approaching; centripetal; concurrent; focal; meeting; radial; radiating; tangential; uniting
