When the effluent is on the bed they oxidise its contained products; when the bed is empty and "resting" they oxidise carbon.
This change obviously begins when the tank effluent flows over the "weir" on to the filter-beds, and the oxygen thus obtained by the effluent is carried down in solution into the coke-breeze.
The sewage is entirely broken down, and theeffluent is a comparatively pure one, yet taking back nitrogen, as nitrate, to the soil.
Before such discharge, the effluent should be effectively clarified by one of the various well known methods; so that it would carry only its dissolved impurities.
Judging from the density of the effluent water, the specific gravity of the lake-water is that of the sea.
This was first attempted with the filters filled with water; the effluent was first shut off in order to prevent a downward flow of water, and the filter was then raked or harrowed from boats.
In the winter, however, the numbers of bacteria did not increase in the effluent from the experimental filter as they did in the effluent from the city filter.
During the winter the effluent contains 3% of the turbidity of the raw water, and in summer only 0.
Neither filter could be depended on to give a clear effluentwhen the applied water was turbid.
The influence of the temperature of the water on the turbidity of the effluent is very pronounced.
In most patterns of service governor weights may be added when it is desired to increase the pressure of the effluent gas.
The author has had under examination an effluent water from a Devonshire mine, which contained more than one grain of free sulphuric acid per gallon, and was accused, with justice, of destroying the fish in a river.
The addition of this, however, enables a lower standard of effluent from the precipitation tanks to be admissible, and this can be attained with very simple and inexpensive chemicals.
A more modest but highly useful modification of effluent diversion is the spacing of treatment plant outfalls at intervals for a long distance downstream from a treatment plant.
How damaging that effluent will be depends on a number of things, chief among them being the size and condition of the receiving stream and the volume of organic materials that went into the treatment plant in the first place.
Nitrogen and phosphorus occur in the effluent from waste treatment plants, for they are present in human wastes and in detergents, and in dissolved form are little affected by standard treatment processes.
Modified forms ofeffluent diversion, however, may offer more promise.
In 1908 the Union Stock Yards Company of Chicago were proceeded against by the City of Chicago regarding the condition of the effluent of the Bubbly Creek filter plant.
Unless used for the treatment of the effluent of a filter plant operated at a fairly constant rate a small storage tank is necessary to compensate for the irregular demand and to provide the head required by orifice feed boxes.
The diaphragm cells, like the non-diaphragm ones, operate most efficiently under a constant load; they are consequently suitable for treating the effluent of filter plants.
Experience with filter plants shows the same facts, the amount of chlorine required for the sterilisation of a filter effluent being invariably less than that necessary to purify the raw water to the same extent.
It might be necessary to allow the wicker-work trough to have an open gutter beneath it, but it is only exceptionally that any effluent would be afforded.
It was impossible to believe that the effluent had been rendered safe for discharge into a river, and its cost must have approached that of the beer which was sold in the adjoining town.
A throttle valve at c serves to regulate the draught, and to equalize it in the different experiments by means of the temperature of the effluent air.
If the paper works be those working up wood pulp, the pollutions of effluent water will be about as noxious as they well can be.
The effluent gases are passed through a scrubber in order to free them from the last traces of acid before discharging them into the atmosphere.
The effluent is not liable to secondary putrefaction.
He reports as follows: "The reduction of organic matter in solution is the crucial test of the value of a purifying agent, for unless the organic matter is reduced, the effluent will putrefy and rapidly become offensive.
The water percolates through the six feet of earth, and reaches the lateral drains, which convey it to the main effluent drain.
At Troedyrhiw, as we have seen, the effluent drain is six feet deep.
The result of this plan of disposing of sewage by downward intermittent filtration, may be seen in samples of the effluent water taken from the outlet of the main drain.
The lateral drains are placed at regular distances from each other, and run towards the main or effluent drain.
The porosity and physical attraction of the soil lead to the oxidation of the organic matter contained in the sewage, as instanced in the discovery of nitrates and nitrites in the effluent water, which did not exist previous to filtration.
The table below, taken from the report of the Rivers Pollution Commissioners, gives the composition of the effluent water after it has passed through the soil.
A main effluent drain, which must not be less than six feet from the surface, must be provided.
There is ample evidence to show that, if carried out with due attention to detail, no process for the treatment of effluent sewage water, so as to render it innocuous, is equal to that which subjects it to irrigation and filtration.
We did not know what we might discover on our voyage to the northern head of the Tanganika; we supposed that we should find the Rusizi to be an effluent of the Tanganika, flowing down to the Albert or the Victoria N'Yanza.
We had thus examined each of its three mouths, and settled all doubts as to the Rusizi being an effluent or influent.
The question, "Was the Rusizi an effluent or an influent?
As the area of land available is very great, the degree of purification in the tanks was relatively unimportant; the object to be obtained consisted chiefly in distributing on the land an effluent which would be innocuous and clear.
How he expects to obtain such an effluent by passage through screens, detritus tanks, and septic tanks only, is more than the writer can understand.
Monterrey would seem to be a proper place for the introduction of the Imhoff tank, with percolating filters, and a final settling tank, the effluent being disinfected, before entering the latter tank.
For the purpose of obtaining a satisfactoryeffluent to discharge on the land without causing nuisance, the Company built a system of detritus chambers and liquefying tanks at the end of the outfall sewer.
The author states that: "The degree of purification in the tanks was relatively unimportant; the object to be obtained consisted chiefly in distributing on the land aneffluent which would be innocuous and clear.
The septic tank furnishes only the first stage of the purifying process, and although its effluent may be clear and possess little odor, it is nevertheless unpurified.
This is known as a dosage tank because periodically a dose of the effluent is discharged into the filter bed.
To avoid such an occurrence, tanks have been built in which an automatic siphon discharges the effluent whenever a certain quantity has collected.
The interspaces in the filter material allows the effluent from the septic tank to seep through and deposit the particles of matter held in suspension.
In many cases it is desired to purify the effluent still further, either because of lack of means for final disposal or because the effluentwould contaminate the water into which it is discharged.
The effluentfrom the septic tank enters the anaerobic filter in a chamber, that is separated from the main tank by a wooden grating against which rests the filter material.
At S is shown an automatic siphon, so made that when the effluent has collected to the height of the water line, the siphon automatically discharges the contents of the tank.
If the effluent is now allowed to flow into a ditch where it will stand in pools, further putrification will take place with its resulting annoyance.
The degree of purity to which it will be necessary to reduce the effluent will depend on the location of the plant and the means of final disposal.
It may be possible to use a small creek for final disposal but one in which the effluent from a septic tank alone would be objectionable.
The effluent from such a plant will be clear sparkling water that might be mistaken for spring water.
Here, shut away from the light and air, the organic matter in the effluent undergoes disintegration just as would happen in the earth.
In places where the use of the simple septic tank is not possible and where the character of the soil will not permit of a natural sand-bed filter, an anaerobic filter may be constructed through which to pass the effluent from the septic tank.
The opening O, through which the effluent is discharged, is located a little above the center of the tank.
It should be kept in mind that, as commonly used, the chief office of the septic tank is to do away with the things that offend the senses, and not to make an effluent that might serve as drinking water.
The effluent through which we joined this lake or river meets it at right angles, and the river continues its course to the N.
It may be remembered that many geographers had contested the fact that the Nile was an effluent from the Albert N'yanza.
The mouth of oureffluent was, for a wonder, clear from obstruction; I returned with the joyful news to the fleet after sunset.
Why--on this theory--should the cause which influences the mind to perception have any characteristics in common with the effluent apparent nature?
Namely, it is an attempt to exhibit apparent nature as an effluent from the mind because of causal nature.
