Around these the cytoplasm becomes segmented, giving rise to the well-known corps en rosace.
Meanwhile, the nucleus has divided into several, around each of which the cytoplasm becomes segmented.
Eventually the merozoites, in the form of little round uninuclear bodies, are liberated from the now broken-down corpuscle, leaving behind a certain amount of residualcytoplasm containing the pigment grains.
Thus the young endoglobular trophozoite does not exhibit a ring (vacuolar) phase; and the cytoplasm never contains, at any period, the characteristic melanin pigment above noted.
The micro-gametes soon liberate themselves from the residual cytoplasm of the parent and swim away in search of a megagamete; each is a very slender, wavy filament, composed largely of chromatic substance.
The cytoplasm within is distinctly alveolated, and frequently contains tubular alveoli running along the length of the animal.
The cytoplasm is very highly differentiated: especially the ectoplasm or ectosarc.
It is uncertain whether the reorganization of the sustentacular cytoplasmoccurs in autumn, in spring, or in the course of hibernation.
Nuclei of Sertoli cells, which outnumber the spermatogonia, are evident at the periphery of the tubules and the clear cytoplasm of the cells extends into and nearly fills the lumina.
The sustentacular cytoplasm has a less compact arrangement in late May than in April.
Under certain pathologic conditions thecytoplasm of many of the polymorphonuclears stains {182} diffusely brown, or contains granules which stain reddish-brown with iodin.
The structure of these cells is similar to that of the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles, with the striking difference that, instead of fine neutrophilic granules, their cytoplasm contains coarse granules having a strong affinity for acid stains.
Wright, who, from his recent studies, regards them as detached portions of the cytoplasm of certain giant-cells of the bone-marrow and spleen.
The cytoplasm is relatively abundant, and contains great numbers of very fine neutrophilic granules.
The chromatin is often scattered through the cytoplasm or apparently outside of it, and is sometimes difficult to see clearly.
These are large mononuclear cells whose cytoplasm is filled with granules.
Wright's stain gives the nucleus a deep purple color and the cytoplasm a pale robin's-egg blue in typical cells.
They resemble ordinary pus-corpuscles, except that their cytoplasm is filled with coarse granules having a marked affinity for eosin.
With {180} Wright's stain the nucleus is less deeply colored than that of the lymphocyte, while the cytoplasm is very pale blue or colorless, and sometimes contains a few reddish granules.
Normally, the cytoplasm of leukocytes stains pale yellow with iodin.
The cytoplasm of lymphocytes is generally robin's-egg blue; that of the large mononuclears may have a faint bluish tinge.
We may also obtain cells with cytoplasm filling the whole of the cellular cavity or separated from the cell-membrane.
We cover a perfectly horizontal glass plate with a semi-saturated solution of potassium nitrate to represent the cytoplasm of the cell.
If in the cytoplasm of a cell there are two points of molecular concentration greater than that of the general mass, the nucleus must necessarily divide with all the phenomena which accompany karyokinesis.
We next place on either side of the drop which represents the {94} nucleus a coloured drop of solution more concentrated than the cytoplasm solution.
We may in this way obtain endless varieties, nuclei which are opaque or transparent, with or without a nucleolus, and cells containing homogeneous cytoplasm without a nucleus.
Thus the cell becomes organized, forming its own cytoplasm and its own enveloping membrane.
Compared with the method of division of the nucleus, that of the cytoplasm appears to be very simple.
The nuclear membrane then disappears and fibrillar cell-plasma or cytoplasm invades the nuclear area.
The cytoplasm of the male sexual cell is therefore not necessary to ensure a transference of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.
These cells grow vigorously and their cytoplasm increases, their growth being accompanied by a correspondingly direct multiplication of the nuclei.
The differentiation into nucleus and cytoplasm represents a division of labour in the protoplast.
In animal cells these fibrillae in the cytoplasm centre on definite bodies (Their existence and their multiplication by fission were demonstrated by E.
The most important fact which we gather from these data is that the cytoplasm of the unfertilized egg may be considered as the embryo in the rough and that the nucleus has apparently nothing to do with this predetermination.
This idea is confirmed by the observations on the egg of Ctenophores whose cytoplasm seems to be more solid than that of most other eggs.
If this is generally true, it is conceivable that the generic and possibly also the species characters of organisms are determined by the cytoplasm of the egg and not by the Mendelian factors.
The facts of experimental embryology strongly indicate the possibility that the cytoplasm of the egg is the future embryo (in the rough) and that the Mendelian factors only impress the individual (and variety) characters upon this rough block.
In any case, we can state today that the cytoplasm contains the rough preformation of the future embryo.
Just what part is played by the cytoplasm in inheritance is not clear, but it is probably by no means a negligible one.
Note that while only a small proportion of the cytoplasm passes into this tiny cell, its chromatin content is as great as that of the ovum.
It is well established that neither nucleus nor cytoplasm can fully function or even exist long without the other, and neither can alone produce the other.
They undoubtedly must cooperate in building up the new individual, and the cytoplasm of the new individual is predominantly of maternal origin.
The cytoplasm of a given organism is just as distinctive of the species or of the individual of which it forms a part as are the chromosomes.
The general cytoplasmshows no differentiation into ectoplasm and endoplasm; it is uniformly alveolar in character.
Coelenterata) perhaps depend more largely upon a different admixture of nutritive substances than upon any marked difference in thecytoplasm itself.
According to Strasburger’s hypothesis, we must suppose that part of the specific cytoplasm of the sperm-cell continues to surround the nucleus after it has penetrated into the body of the egg.
In this way thecytoplasm takes part in the phenomena of construction, upon which the specific form of the organism depends.
Footnote 153: [It is almost certain that this vesicle is not derived from the nucleus, but from the cytoplasmof the sperm-mother-cell.
The nutritive cytoplasm assimilates, while the nucleus controls the assimilation, and hence the substances assimilated possess a certain constitution and nourish in a certain manner the cyto-idioplasm and the nuclear idioplasm.
The eggs of Amphorina coerulea are in every way suitable for observation, being entirely translucent, and having large distinct nuclei which differ from the green cytoplasm in colour.
Driesch and Morgan by removing part of thecytoplasm from a fertilized egg of the ctenophore, Beroe, produced imperfect larvae showing certain defects which represent the parts removed.
Observe the enlarged, clear, eccentric nucleus; the surrounding cytoplasm shows an absence of Nissl granules.
However, in the great majority of cells the cytoplasm is separated into several, and frequently very numerous, parts, which have received diverse forms and functions in the division of labor.
This one indispensable nuclear element is chemically akin to the cytoplasm of the cell-body, but differs from it in certain respects.
In the cytoplasm threadlike, contractile structures are formed, and these have, like the muscular fibres of the metazoa, the power to contract and expand again in definite directions.
The cytoplasm of the cell-body, on the other hand, serves the purposes of adaptation and nutrition.
The flint shells of the radiolaria and diatomes, the chalky cells of the thalamophora and calcocytea, the cellulose shells of the desmidiacea and syphonea, show the extraordinary plasticity of the constructive cytoplasm (cf.
All these theories of structure apply to plasm in general, but particularly to its two chief forms, the caryoplasm of the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cell-body.
Like the caryoplasm of the nucleus, the cytoplasm of the cell-body is originally a chemical modification of the simple and once homogeneous plasm (the archiplasm).
Within the cytoplasm of the amoebae particles travel up and down in all directions.
The general cytoplasm usually consists of distinct ectoplasm and endoplasm, and is limited by a membrane or cuticle (epicyte), secreted by the former.
Around this some of the cytoplasm condenses, the rest forming a residuum.
Eleutheroschizon), Brasil (3) finds that a great number of little merozoites are formed, and a large amount of vacuolated cytoplasm is left over unused.
The two conjugating elements unite completely, cytoplasm with cytoplasm and nucleus with nucleus, to form the definitive sporoblast or zygote.
Around each, a small area of cytoplasm becomes segregated, the whole often projecting as a little bud or hillock from the general surface.
The nuclei multiplied by segmentation migrate into the superficial cytoplasm surrounding the yolk, and then this cytoplasm segments, and each part of the cytoplasm develops into a particular region of the embryo.
It may be supposed that as there was only the cytoplasm of one ovum, each nucleus would determine the characters of half the individual developed.
Leptinotarsa, which is an elongated oval in shape, there is at the posterior end in the superficial cytoplasm a disc-shaped mass of darkly staining granules, while the fertilised nucleus is in the middle of the egg.
Wilson concluded that the cytoplasm of the egg contains a number of specific organ-forming stuffs, which have a definite topographical arrangement in the egg.
Evidence soon accumulated that the cytoplasm of the egg stood for much in the differentiation of the embryo.
Throughout the Cytoplasm is a mesh containing numerous minute granules called Microsomes.
The production of cell from cell is accomplished either by direct splitting of the nucleus and cytoplasm into two new cells, or by indirect division through a series of stages.
As in Direct Division, typically, the nucleus in mitosis splits first and the cytoplasm secondly; but before the nucleus divides its content undergoes a series of changes.
The limitation of development in a particular case lies in the cytoplasm rather than in the nuclei of the cells.
If frogs' eggs are fastened in abnormal positions, inverted or on the side, a rearrangement of the egg material results, wherein the nucleus and cytoplasm rise and the deutoplasm sinks.
The nutritive cytoplasm assimilates, but the vital principle energizes this assimilation through the nucleus, for a part of a cell deprived of the nucleus may live for a time, but it cannot repair itself.
Some RNA is present in the nucleus, but most of it is associated with minute particles in the cytoplasm known as microsomes, some of which are especially rich in RNA and are accordingly named ribosomes.
The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double envelope, called the nuclear membrane, which is peppered with perforations.
The cytoplasm contains a network of membranes, which form the boundaries of countless canals and vesicles (or pouches), and is laden with small bodies called ribosomes.
No radioactivity can be detected in the cytoplasm, although we know that the cytoplasm of living cells contains large amounts of r-RNA and s-RNA.
The new m-RNA molecule then travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and attaches itself to an unoccupied ribosome (see Figure 27).
One or two hours later, however, radioactive RNA appears in the cytoplasmas well as in the nucleus.
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Chromatin Mitochondrion Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Nuclear membrane The basic structure of a cell is shown in Figure 2.
On the outside is a cell membrane which encloses cytoplasm and nucleus; the latter, however, is not in a single mass, but the nuclear material is distributed through the cell.
Hence Weismann now regards the cytoplasmof a germ-cell as identical with the cytoplasm of all other cells.
On the contrary, since the embryo is developed from the whole of the nucleus and more or less of the cytoplasm of the ovum, it must be admitted that the non-germ-plasm of the ovum provides a large part of the material in embryogeny.
At the same time radiations extend out into the cytoplasm from the centrosomes, and, as the nuclear membrane disappears, invade the nuclear area (fig.
While these changes have been proceeding in the nucleus, changes in the cytoplasm have resulted in the formation of the achromatic figure.
It is a minute granule, usually lying in the cytoplasm not far from the nucleus, and plays an important part in cell-division and fertilization (see below).
In some cases a distinct fibrillation of the cytoplasm accompanies or precedes the appearance of the cell-secretion (Mathews, pancreas cell of Amphibia).
The cytoplasm is the outer and softer part, the substance of the body of the cell.
The later and higher stage are the nucleated cells, in which we find a differentiation of the original plasson into two different formative substances--the caryoplasm of the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the body of the cell (cf.
The cytoplasm contains granules of BaSO4 and pellets of faecal matter.
The cytoplasm contains granules of various kinds, and the internal protoplasm is sometimes pigmented.
Figure 149 is an exceptional case, where one chromatin element (possibly x) has evidently divided late and been left out in the cytoplasm; a smaller chromatin granule is also present in the cytoplasm of each spermatid.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "cytoplasm" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: cell; cytoplasm; ectoplasm; protoplasm
