Fracture of the trochanter major is signalized by local swelling and evidence of pain; the forward stride is shortened because this movement tenses the tendon of the gluteus major (maximus) which is attached principally to the trochanter.
Therefore, it is evident that, because of the manner of function of the femur, the leverage afforded by its great trochanter and its heavy muscular attachments, fractures of this bone in the horse do not terminate favorably.
In some chronic cases crepitation is discernible by holding the hand on the trochanter while the subject walks.
This variation of position causes abnormal tenseness or looseness of the skin over the region of the trochanter major.
The trochanter is covered with cartilage, and a bursa (the trochanteric) is interposed between the tendon and the cartilage.
Tapley[39] reports in the Veterinary Journal (English) fracture of the head and internal trochanter of the femur and patellar luxation occurring simultaneously affecting a mule.
While standing the affected limb hung directly across and in front of the opposite one; upper trochanter very prominent; skin over hip joint very tense.
Being very prominent when there is an upward luxation and less perceptible in downward displacement, the location of the trochanter major is an indicator of the character of the luxation with respect to the position of the head of the femur.
Later, vesication of a liberal area surrounding thetrochanter major is indicated.
The head, neck, and great trochanter should be fully exposed, and the saw applied transversely below the level of the trochanter, so as to remove it entire.
A line drawn from the centre of the space between the tuberosity of the ischium or the great trochanter to a corresponding point between the condyles of the femur will give the direction.
Coxa, smooth; trochanter with large protuberance ending in a heavy spine on the outer edge.
Five minims--containing one grain of metallic mercury--represent a dose, and this is injected into the muscles above and behind the great trochanter once a week.
T] The trochanter bears one long hair and two short ones.
The popliteal depression is deep, and the summit of the greattrochanter rises considerably above the level of the head.
The short flat tendon attaches to the lateral surface of the distal end of the trochanter slightly anterior and immediately distal to the insertion of M.
In one leg a tendinous slip of pars antica extends beyond the remainder of the muscle and inserts independently on the trochanter close to the insertion of pars postica.
The attachment is by a short flat tendon to the lateral surface of the femur distal to the trochanter and anterodistal to the insertion of M.
Next to the little coxa and trochanter is the longest and largest segment in the grasshopper's leg; I suppose nobody remembers its name.
Why do you suppose the coxa and trochanter are so small?
The thirdtrochanter is absent, as in Myrmecophaga (and the Sloths).
In the femur the third trochanter is well formed; it gradually dies out in later Amblypoda.
A third trochanter upon the femur seems to be never present.
If the middle toes appear by their slight pre-eminence to approach the Perissodactyle form, the peculiar surface contour of the molar teeth, letting alone the absence of a thirdtrochanter on the femur, will not permit this classification.
It has no third trochanter upon the femur, which process is present in the corresponding bone of Dinictis.
In many families the trochanter appears to be represented by two small segments, there being thus an extra joint in the leg.
In this division the ovipositor issues from the ventral surface of the abdomen; the pronotum reaches back to the tegulae; the trochanter has two segments; the fore-wing (fig.
The trochanteris simple in some genera and divided in others.
If you extract from the coxa the thigh with the trochanter of the larger species of Dynastes M^cL.
In Sphodrus leucopththalmus, one of the beetles called black dors, in one sex the same trochanter terminates in a long mucro or spine[851], and in the other it is rounded at the apex.
I have observed two variations in this Order, in one of which the motion of the thigh and trochanteris only in two directions, and in the other it is nearly versatile or rotatory.
Trochanter I with dorso-terminal blade; postero-lateral angles of capitulum with rather short prolongations.
The rotation arc of the great trochanter may be much reduced as a result of the disappearance of the head of the femur.
The normal depression behind the great trochanter is lost, the gluteal fold is raised, and there is often a degree of lordosis which compensates for the flexion.
On palpation a cord-like structure may be felt, which slips forwards and backwards over the trochanter when the position of the limb is altered.
The articular surface is directed backward, while thetrochanter looks forward.
Muscular action occasionally produces separation of the epiphyses--for example, the anterior superior iliac spine, the small trochanter of the femur, or the upper end of the fibula.
The trochanter is displaced by the gluteal muscles, causing broadening of the lateral aspect of the hip.
The skin over the trochanter is generally discoloured from bruising.
The affected limb is shortened, as is shown by the projection of the great trochanter above Nélaton's line; the shortening gradually increases, and in time may amount to several inches.
Abduction is markedly restricted and thetrochanter is elevated and prominent.
It entered posteriorly at the fold between the left nates and thigh, three inches from the tuberosity of the ischium; passed forward, downward, and outward, and made its exit seven inches below the trochanter major.
One case of excision of the head, neck, and trochanter of the femur in the Crimea recovered, operated upon by Dr.
This patient had also a fracture of the ileum, another of the great trochanter on the same side, and his right forearm smashed.
From thetrochanter major to the seat of fracture was four inches; to the external condyle on the same side was 15–1/2 inches.
At the superior extremity, the neck is short, the great trochanter reaching almost to the level of the head of the femur; the digital cavity, which is situated on the internal surface of the great trochanter, is very deep.
In man, the great trochanter does not rise to the level of the head of the femur; in the dog and the cat it approaches that level; in the horse and in ruminants it rises above it.
The great trochanter is large, and extends beyond the level of the plane in which the head of the femur is found.
The great trochanter is very prominent, and projects beyond the level of the head of the femur.
In birds, the femur is shorter than the bones of the leg; its great trochanter is in contact with a prominence which occupies the posterior part of the border of the cotyloid cavity.
The femur is longer than the bones of the leg; the great trochanter does not reach the level of the head of the femur.
The cotyloid cavity is pierced by an opening, and presents on its posterior border, which is here a little prominent, a surface with which the great trochanter is in contact.
The gluteal muscles were lacerated and torn, the tendons about the trochanter divided, laying the bone bare, and the vastus externus and part of the rectus of the thigh were cut across.
Harte gives illustrations of a case of extensive skin-grafting on the thigh from six inches above the great trochanter well over the median line anteriorly and over the buttock.
The abscess may appear, as already stated, near the trochanter major, or in the back part of the thigh.
The limb is lengthened when the trochanter major is split off, as also when severe bruise of the glutei has been inflicted without breach of continuity in any part of the bone, and without displacement.
In many cases matter forms behind, or rather below, the trochanter major, and the collection often attains a large size.
The trochanter major is sometimes, though rarely, detached, without separation of the neck of the bone from its shaft.
The trochanter is evidently out of place, being depressed, and lying farther up and back than usual.
Splinters are often detached, and sometimes the small trochanter is broken off.
Again, and particularly in adults, the limb is easy only in certain positions, and cannot be moved without great suffering; pain is also complained of in the groin, and often immediately behind the trochanter major.
On stretching the limb to its original length, and then rotating slightly, crepitation can be felt by the hand, or heard by the ear, placed over the trochanter major.
No antagonist muscular power is left to oppose the action of the muscles inserted into the trochanter minor, and the elevation of the stump is involuntary: it always occurs to a remarkable extent in young persons.
The limb is not much shortened, the toes are everted, the trochanter major is depressed, and nearer to the anterior superior spinous process of the ilium than usually, and the head of the bone is both seen and felt prominent in the groin.
Before swelling has taken place, crepitation can be perceived on laying hold of the trochanter whilst the limb is in motion; and the trochanter itself is found to be in a slight degree moveable.
This arises from the broken portions being jammed together, the neck of the bone being, as it were, driven into and wedged in the cancellated texture of the trochanter major, or of the upper part of the shaft.
Entry, at the junction of the middle and posterior thirds of the left iliac crest; the bullet passed obliquely downwards through the pelvis to lodge 3 inches below the right trochanter major.
The insertion is tendinous on the lateral surface of the trochanter opposite the insertion of the m.
The origin is from the anterior and ventral edges of the obturator foramen and the insertion is on the trochanter of the femur immediately distal and posterior to the insertion of the m.
Anteriorly the fibers converge and form a strong tendon that passes through the obturator foramen and inserts on the posterolateral surface of the trochanter of the femur.
The only part of the femur besides the great trochanter which is superficial is the lower end, and this forms the two condyles for articulation with the tibia.
The vertebrae of the neck unite by nearly flat surfaces, the humerus has lost the foramen, or perforation, at the lower end, and the third trochanter to the femur may also be wanting.
Of the Toxodontia, Toxodon has no third trochanterwhile Typotherium and Astrapotherium have one.
Fulcrant: the trochanter when continued along the femur, as in Carabids.
Ditrocha: Hymenoptera; that series having the trochanter two-jointed.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "trochanter" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
