The death of the foetus may be occasioned by a diseased condition of the embryo, amnion, or placenta, and also by convulsions or peritoneal inflammation.
The fact that they have been found in the peritoneal sac, gave rise to the opinion that they perforate the intestine; but careful observations have proved that they can only escape through openings made by ulcers.
In many cases the condition is complicated by injuries of the pleural or peritoneal cavities and their contained viscera, or by injury of the trachea, œsophagus, or large vessels and nerves of the neck.
Now, by slipping theperitoneal surfaces (which are in apposition) one over the other, ascertain that no coils of intestine are included in the fold.
If the broth outside the sac remains sterile, insert the sac in the peritoneal cavity of the experimental animal.
A week to ten days later inject a similar minimal lethal dose into the peritoneal cavity.
Observe the condition of the omentum, the mesentery, the viscera and the peritoneal surface of the intestines.
Now release the fold, but hold the syringe steady; as the parietes flatten out, the point of the needle is left free in the peritoneal cavity (see Fig.
Collect a specimen of the peritonealfluid (or pus, if present) in a capillary pipette.
Fix a blunt-ended needle on to the charged syringe, and by pressing the rounded end firmly against the peritoneum it can easily be pushed through into the peritoneal cavity.
Sear a broad track in the middle line of the abdominal wall; open the peritoneal cavity by an incision in the centre of the seared line.
Take up the mixture of cells and saline in the all-glass syringe and inject into the peritoneal cavity of the rabbit.
Introduce the inoculum into the peritoneal cavity.
If the bullet be small and, by chance, surgically clean, it is possible that the openings may tightly close up behind it so that no leakage takes place into the general peritoneal cavity.
About the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the tube the anterior peritoneal covering is also reflected off on to the bladder or vagina, forming the recto-vesical pouch in the male and the pouch of Douglas in the female.
He also devoted attention to the organs of generation in both sexes, and discovered the utero-peritoneal canal which still bears his name.
The peritoneal relations of this part are discussed in the article on the coelom and serous membranes.
The peritoneal coat is described in the article on the coelom and serous membranes.
Between these two parts is at one time a gap, the spino-costal hiatus, and this is obliterated by the growth of the pleuro-peritoneal membrane, which may occasionally fail to close and so may form the site of a phrenic hernia.
Without, connected with it by the submucous connective tissue, is placed the muscular coat, and externally over the greater portion of its length the peritoneal serous membrane.
An important fact with regard to the tubercular processes in the digestive organs lies in the ready response to treatment shown by many cases of peritoneal or mesenteric invasion, particularly in the young.
Fatal results arise from ulceration into large blood-vessels, followed by copious haemorrhage, or by perforation of the ulcer into the peritoneal cavity.
Below the Mammals incomplete partitions between the pleural andperitoneal cavities are found in Chelonians, Crocodiles and Birds, and also in Amphibians (Xenopus and Pipa).
Where was the redness situated; in the peritoneal or the muscular coat?
The stomach on its outer surface, and near its upper end, showed a black spot, like effusion of black blood, under the peritoneal coat.
Large apertures into the peritonealsac of the rabbit, are not necessary, nor perhaps generally, productive of fatal inflammation.
The patient had been affected twelve months before with puerperal peritoneal inflammation, complicated with cerebral symptoms, from which, notwithstanding a most energetic antiphlogistic treatment, she never entirely recovered.
The peritoneal covering of the stomach showed a similarly injected appearance.
The same treatment will be found equally serviceable, not only to correct the chronic excitement existing in the peritoneal membrane and giving rise to ascites, but very commonly to cure or palliate the visceral disease producing it.
Injection of astringents into the ovarian cyst or peritoneal sac, unjustifiable.
Injections of paraffin into the peritoneal cavity of animals have not proven to be dangerous, the agent not causing irritation of the surface of the peritoneum when sterile.
In effort to avoid puncturing of hernial sac and throwing paraffin into the peritoneal cavity the skin of sac injected with the paraffin.
A, All) the open end of which is directed forward, while its blind end points somewhat upwards and towards the peritoneal space behind the embryo.
Wolffian duct and peritoneal epithelium, without becoming attached to the Wolffian duct.
This state is very possibly the result of a differentiation by which the pronephros gradually ceased to become developed, but one of its peritoneal openings remained as the abdominal aperture of the Muellerian duct.
In this way compound segmental tubes are established with a common collecting tube, but with numerous Malpighian bodies and ciliated peritoneal openings.
They may either be provided with a peritoneal funnel (Nephelis, Clepsine) or have no internal opening (Hirudo).
The Muellerian duct is also usually stated to develop as a groove of the peritoneal epithelium, shewn in the Lizard in fig.
Sedgwick informs me that in the Frog the segmental tubes are throughout developed in the mesoblast, independently of the peritoneal epithelium.
The excretory system commences with the formation of a segmental duct, formed by a constriction of the parietal wall of the peritoneal cavity.
As shewn by their development the so-called pleurae or pleural sacks are simply the peritoneal linings of the anterior divisions of the body cavity, shut off from the remainder of the body cavity by the diaphragm.
In Myxine the excretory system consists (1) of a highly developed pronephros with a bunch of ciliated peritoneal funnels opening into the pericardial section of the body cavity.
Thus in the region of the liver the body cavity is divided into two halves by a membrane, the two sides of which are covered by the peritoneal epithelium, and which encloses the stomach dorsally and the liver ventrally.
The extremity near the peritoneal epithelium forms a Malpighian body, and the other end unites with the segmental duct.
In the earliest condition, it consists of three successive open involutions of the peritoneal epithelium, connected together by more or less well-defined ridge-like thickenings of the epithelium.
Its anterior end alone remains open to the body cavity, and gives rise to a pronephros with two or three peritoneal openings, opposite to which a glomerulus is formed.
Those digestive juices, or cytases, poured into the peritoneal liquid were what killed the injected cholera vibriones and transformed them into "Pfeiffer's granulations.
What is most remarkable in cases like the latter, is, that the adhesions are so formed as to prevent the escape of the pus into the peritoneal sac, which accident must inevitably prove fatal.
It is true that the limbs may show slight edema in scurvy, and that the pericardial and the pleural sacs, and even the peritoneal cavity, occasionally contain a small quantity of serum, but it is comparatively an insignificant amount.
A large hemorrhage in the wall of the caecum was found, as well as some other hemorrhages in the peritoneal cavity.
At the most depending part of the stomach is a large ragged perforation, with pulpy margins, which allowed the contents of the stomach to escape into the peritoneal cavity.
If the poison were injected into the peritoneal cavity, death was so rapid as to leave little time for any coarse lesions to manifest themselves.
On opening the abdomen there was a decided putrefactive odor, and about an ounce of bloody fluid was found in the peritoneal cavity, together with fibrin flakes.
There was no fluid found in the peritoneal or the pleural or pericardial cavities.
An exact closing of the peritoneal cavity over this gauze is effected by the sewing up of the anterior and posterior flaps of peritoneum.
Three sutures of catgut are passed through the uterine wall, including the vaginal and peritoneal flaps.
In some cases it may be preferable to bisect the uterus in the sagittal plane before removing it, after the cervico-vaginal attachments have been separated and the peritonealpouches opened.
A second incision similar to the first is now made across the posterior aspect of the cervix at the level of the cervico-vaginal junction, more or less cellular tissue is traversed, and the posterior peritoneal pouch is opened.
Many serious consequences have arisen from dabs and instruments accidentally left in the peritoneal cavity after pelvic operations.
It is somewhat dangerous to put any traction on the tumour before its separation, as is recommended by some writers, as the uterine wall itself may become somewhat inverted and the wire loop may cut through into the peritoneal cavity.
The uterus is replaced, and the peritoneal incision is closed by a single layer of catgut sutures; the vaginal incision is similarly dealt with.
The uterus has been removed, and the peritoneal flaps are in process of suture.
The importance of removing blood and blood-clot from the peritoneal cavity is demonstrated on p.
The knife is now laid aside, and the operator proceeds to push up the vagina and bladder from the anterior aspect of the cervix with the index-finger or a winged director, until the anterior peritoneal pouch is reached.
Hysterectomy, preferably by the abdominal route, as this enables the peritoneal cavity to be cleared of clot.
When the object of the operation has been attained, and all the blood has been carefully removed by swabs, the next and final step consists in closing the peritoneal and vaginal wounds.
In some instances successful ligature of the thrombosed ovarian vein has been effected by the usual median incision into the peritoneal cavity.
The pleuro-peritoneal or body-cavity was formed as a split in the "ventral plates" of the mesoderm.
Baer did not attach any special morphological significance to the peritoneal lining of the body cavity, as is done in more modern forms of the germ-layer theory.
The former exhibit almost as soon as they are formed the characteristic proto-vertebral segmentation, the latter split to form the pleuro-peritoneal or body-cavity.
With a seeker, make out the pericardio peritoneal opening.
At one point this partition is imperfect, and the two spaces communicate through a pericardio-peritoneal canal (p.
A thin, transparent membrane, the mesentery, holds the intestines in place, and binds them to the dorsal wall of this peritoneal space.
Between the coiling alimentary tube and the body walls is a space, into which the student cuts when he begins dissecting; this is the peritoneal cavity (pt.
Appendicitis cases are found with the right knee drawn up because this relieves the tension of the abdominal muscles, and probably also of the large muscles that go to the thigh and lie behind the peritoneal cavity.
The drawing up of the knees in peritoneal conditions is the result of a similar reaction.
The peritoneal inflammation is sometimes pure, but oftener involves the muscular coat of the intestines.
At the upper part of the margin of the pelvis the colon terminates in the 'rectum', which differs from the cæcum and colon by possessing only a partial peritoneal covering, and being destitute of bands and cells.
There is inflammation of the peritoneal membrane, more indicated by undue congestion of the bowels than by the general blush of the membrane.
There is another peritoneal affection, aggravated by combination with a rheumatic tendency, to which the dog is more disposed than any other domesticated animal.
Chronic inflammation of the 'peritoneal membrane' is a frequent disease among dogs.
When, however, that exudate is injected into the peritoneal cavity of a second animal that animal does not succumb to the infection, or even if it succumbs one finds that the microbes have again disappeared in this second animal.
But when one inoculates the peritoneal cavity of a Guinea pig with a dose of cholera microbes sufficient to cause a fatal disease, it is found, when the animal dies, that the microbes have died also.
At the post-mortem examination there is found, in the peritoneal cavity, a small amount of exudate liquid which contains large numbers of those microbes alive.
They are deprived of this condition in the peritoneal cavity of an animal.
If the Bacterium coli normal to the intestine escapes into the peritoneal cavity, or passes into the bladder, a severe peritonitis or cystitis, respectively, is apt to result.
The severe exertion of ascending hills and mountains, drawing heavy loads, or the straining which oxen undergo while fighting each other may also give rise to peritoneal hernia.
Wounds of the intestines, whether transverse or longitudinal, attended with feculent escape into the peritoneal cavity, are not uniformly fatal.
The laceration is generally on the convex surface; extravasation takes place under the peritoneal covering; or this is torn, and the effusion is into the abdominal cavity.
The cyst is generally thick; sometimes it is thin at one or more points, and this may give way, causing effusion of the contents into the peritoneal sac.
The orifice of this peritoneal pouch not closing immediately after the descent, may permit a fold of intestine to slip into its cavity, and remain in contact with the testicle.
When the opening in the gut is small, not exceeding three or four lines in extent, the margins may sometimes be advantageously encircled with a ligature, with the ends cut off close to the peritoneal surface.
The same may be said of the rupture of the bladder, from external violence, with effusion of urine into the peritoneal sac.
It was intended to have carried the pointed instrument farther, but symptoms of peritoneal inflammation supervened about the tenth day, and in spite of active treatment proved fatal.
Effusion of lymph takes place around, gluing the wounded bowel to the peritoneal surface of a neighbouring fold, or forming a sort of pouch within which the extravasation is limited.
When the intestines are wounded, the injured part may protrude; or the relative size of the openings through the parietes and bowel may be such, that the intestinal contents do not escape into the peritoneal bag.
A wonderfully tuberculated omentum, a very small portion of which is here represented, filled the peritoneal cavity; the uterus and its appendages were quite healthy.
Occasionally, though rarely, the inflammation extends to the peritoneal covering of the bladder, and thence to the external surface of the intestines.
Sometimes it goes through all the coats, the peritoneal being the last one.
This is an accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
This canal gradually widens to its ending, the abdominal mouth (ostium abdominal) by which it communicates with the peritoneal cavity, the timbrae.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "peritoneal" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
