Careful investigation showed that the difference between the behavior of the fat in the rabbit and the dog was due to the presence or absence of the pancreatic fluid from the intestinal contents.
Bernard's attention was directed by this first observation to the other properties of the pancreatic fluid.
It is just beyond where the pancreatic duct reaches the intestine in both animals that the digestion of fat begins.
It was early evident, however, that the pancreatic secretion effected more than the conversion merely of starch into sugar.
This observation solved the seeming mystery of fat digestion, and at the same time made clear the importance of the pancreatic secretion in the general work of digestion.
In the dog the pancreatic duct which carries the secretion of the gland to the intestine empties into the intestine just beyond the stomach.
Amylopsin is absent from the pancreatic juice of infants, a condition which shows that milk and not starch is their natural food.
The Pancreatic Juice* is a colorless and rather viscid liquid, having an alkaline reaction.
These active constituents make of the pancreatic juice the most important of the digestive fluids.
For bringing about these changes a substance identical in function with the steapsin of the pancreatic juice has been shown to exist in several of the tissues.
Its secretion, the pancreatic juice, is emptied into the duodenum by a duct which, as a rule, unites with the duct from the liver.
The pancreatic juice converts starch into sugar, albumins into peptones, and emulsionizes fats, so that all these kinds of food are rendered capable of absorption.
Does our saliva do for us anything like what it does for the earthworm; and our pancreatic juice?
It descends to the middle portion of the duodenum, where it unites with the pancreatic duct, the two passing obliquely through the wall of the descending portion of the duodenum.
The arteries supplying the duodenum are the pyloric and the pancreatic duodenal branch of the superior mesenteric.
The pancreatic duct carries pancreatic juice (a digestive fluid) from the pancreas to the duodenum.
The pancreatic duct and the bile duct empty into the duodenum at its middle portion.
The pancreatic duct is the principal excretory duct of the pancreas.
It is situated behind the stomach, and it secretes the pancreatic juice.
Its juice, thepancreatic juice, can do everything that any other digestive juice can, and do it better.
The bile is a yellowish-brown fluid, which assists the pancreatic juice in the digestion of the food, and helps to dissolve the fats eaten, but is chiefly a waste product.
These fats are attacked by thepancreatic juice and the bile, and made ready for digestion.
A pint or more of pancreatic fluid is secreted every day.
Three different pancreatic enzymes do the work of digestion, one acting on starch, another on protein, and a third on fats.
Starch paste added to artificial pancreatic fluid and kept at blood heat is soon changed to sugar.
If we test pancreatic fluid, we find it strongly alkaline in its reaction.
It reaches the intestine through the same opening as the pancreatic fluid.
Pancreatic fluid similarly emulsifies fats and changes them into soft soaps and fatty acids.
It has the very important faculty of aiding the pancreatic fluid in digestion, though alone it has slight if any digestive power.
Digestion of starch and protein with artificial pancreatic fluid.
The amylopsin likewise in the pancreatic secretion acts upon the starch and dextrin, changing them to maltose.
Trypsin in the pancreatic juice takes up the hydrolysis of the proteoses and peptones and those proteins which have escaped gastric digestion.
A similar action takes place in the mouth as the result of the ptyalin in the salivary juices and in the intestines from the action of the starch-splitting enzyme, amylopsin, in the pancreatic juice.
The pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice are poured upon the food mass on its entrance into the duodenum.
The alkaline bile neutralizes the acid contents of the stomach as they flow into the duodenum, and thus prepares the way for the pancreatic juice.
Here the chyme is acted upon by the bile, and the pancreatic juice.
It would be interesting to know what, if any, relation the pancreatic fluid has to this substance, in view of the statement that it “has a Rideal-Walker coefficient of 40.
Reverting to the Carminzym tablet: When it is desired to obtain the effects ofpancreatic extract by oral administration it must be administered with a view of preventing its destruction by the gastric fluid.
Dog under light ether anesthesia; cannula in the pancreatic duct; a, carotid blood pressure; b, record of flow of pancreatic juice in drops.
It should be reaffirmed that mixtures combining peptic and pancreatic activities are not feasible, because pepsin cannot act except in the presence of acid, and pancreatin is destroyed by acid and by peptic activity.
Despite the fact that these mixtures have been in use for more than nine years, there is no satisfactory evidence that they possess any advantage over the simple laxatives or the preparations of bile or pancreatic extract.
It is of high alkalinity (about seventh normal), contains all the pancreatic ferments, and corresponds in all respects to the juice obtained in digestion from permanent pancreatic fistulas.
It stimulates the flow ofpancreatic juice, bile and succus entericus.
Secretin is an excitant not only of the pancreatic juice but also of the liver and the intestinal mucosa.
With this in view, we performed a series of experiments on normal unanesthetized dogs having permanent pancreatic fistulas.
Under these conditions the administration of secretin is uniformly negative, but the administration of hydrochloric acid on the contrary still serves to increase the pancreatic secretion (Table 6).
The bile, thepancreatic juice, and the intestinal secretions, change the sugar into fat.
The saliva, and the pancreatic juice, transform the insoluble starch into soluble sugar.
Further, the question needs to be answered not with reference to one proteid merely, but with reference to every proteid capable of digestion by either gastric orpancreatic juice.
We know without a shadow of doubt that all of the bodies enumerated as products of pancreatic digestion are the results of trypsin-proteolysis, and not the products of putrefactive changes.
This body is not only a product of the pancreatic digestion of proteids, but it is also formed whenever native proteids are broken down through any influence whatever, the substance coming presumably from the hemi-moiety of the molecule.
Doubtless, when small amounts of proteid food are taken, its denaturalization by the primary action of the gastric or pancreatic juice, viz.
Something more than simple test-tube study, or even experimental work on animals, is required in dealing with the changes which complex proteids undergo in gastric and pancreatic digestion.
Very suggestive, however, was the fact that Fano, on trying similar experiments with the peptone formed by pancreatic digestion, viz.
One set of cells is the sweetbread, or pancreas, and its liquid is the pancreatic juice.
Secretin is absorbed by the blood and carried to the pancreas, liver and intestinal mucosa, which are thereby stimulated to produce their characteristic secretions, namely, bile, pancreatic juice and succus entericus.
Secretogen Elixir is said to contain pancreatic secretin obtained from the duodenum with 1/10 of 1 per cent.
Yet in these cases the pancreatic juice and bile are secreted in normal amounts and digestion goes on normally after the food leaves the stomach.
As evidence of hepatic insufficiency the author apparently relies on the color of the stools, and for pancreatic insufficiency he cites the high urea output.
The pancreatic ferments in alcoholic liquids seem to lose their strength.
Into the origin of the varying arrangements of the pancreaticducts it is not possible to enter in detail.
In Teleostei, the Sturgeon and Lepidosteus there opens into the front end of the intestine a number of caecal pouches known as the pancreatic caeca.
The fixator may be compared to enterokinase, a special ferment in the small intestine of higher animals which also does not by itself digest food but which activates in a high degree the digestive power of pancreatic ferments.
But he succeeded in provoking symptoms of the disease (traces of sugar in the urine) in a healthy dog, by inoculating him with the pancreatic gland of the diabetic dog.
The two glands pour their secretions, the bile and pancreatic juice, close together into the duodenum (i).
Sylvius had supposed that the pancreatic juice was slightly acid, and de Graaf failed to note this mistake; but it was corrected by Bohn's experiments in 1710.
Physiology could not advance without organic chemistry; de Graaf could no more discover the amylolytic action of the pancreatic juice than Galvani could invent wireless telegraphy.
Professor Starling's observations, on the chemical influence of the duodenal mucous membrane on the flow of pancreatic fluid, have advanced the subject still further.
Before him, the diverse actions of the pancreatic juice had hardly been studied.
Here, in this present study of "pancreatic diabetes," by Dr.
The chyle was formed out of chyme, changed by the action of the pancreatic and biliary secretions.
A product of the gastric andpancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance formed in the decomposition of albuminous matter by pancreatic digestion, by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and by putrefaction.
It is an insoluble substance, and, unlike elastin, is not dissolved even by gastric or pancreatic juice.
A crystalline sugar formed from starch by the action of distance of malt, and the amylolytic ferment of saliva and pancreatic juice.
It is insoluble in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and pancreatic juice.
The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices.
A proteolytic ferment, or enzyme, present in the pancreatic juice.
An unorganized ferment or enzyme present inpancreatic juice.
One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.
It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice.
The pancreaticjuice converts the starch into grape-sugar, even acting upon raw starch.
A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.
A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion.
The bile, which is secreted by the liver, unites with the pancreatic juice, and enters the intestines through a duct about three inches below the stomach.
The soap is thought to be formed by the action of the alkali of the pancreatic juice upon some of the fatty acids formed by the splitting up of the fat.
Fats and oils are not soluble in any substance found in the digestive juices, but they are acted upon by an enzyme [Footnote 41: Steapsin or lipase is the enzyme found in the pancreatic juice which acts upon fat.
The digestive juices [Footnote 47: The pepsin and hydrochloric acid of the stomach, the trypsin of the pancreatic juice, and the erepsin of the intestinal juice digest proteins.
The pancreas, or sweetbread, a large gland that forms the pancreatic juice, which it pours in through the duct.
The pancreatic juice also enters through the same duct with the bile.
It is then pushed through the pylorus, or right orifice of the stomach into the duodenum, where it becomes mixed with the bile from the gall bladder and liver, and the pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
When the alimentary substances have continued a sufficient time in the stomach, they are pushed into the intestines, where they become mixed with the bile and pancreatic juice, as was before observed.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "pancreatic" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: endocrine; glandular; humoral; ovarian; splenetic
