In cases ofnecrosis with large bone defects, the difficult thing is to cause a growth of the bone toward the central cavity after removal of the sequestrum.
Inflammation may result in resolution, suppuration, necrosis or sloughing, or in the establishment of a chronic state.
Necrosis and mortification are terms used in a similar sense though necrosis is reserved in surgery to mean death of bone.
Sometimes gummata break down completely, and suppuration, with destruction of the tissues in which they are situated, takes place; thus caries and necrosis not infrequently follow nodes on the bones.
If blebs or an area of threatening necrosis of the skin exist, they should be freely dusted with powdered boric acid and a few layers of aseptic gauze applied.
This is necessary on account of the possibility of necrosis of the skin of the heel, and the danger of infection of the bruised soft tissues around the heel.
The area of coagulation necrosis becomes filled with white blood cells, and the dry necrosed part is liquefied by the cocci.
It must be emphasized, however, that operative interference should be undertaken with care and discretion in order to avoid necrosis and infection.
Gangrene, mortification or necrosisis a death of the tissue from any cause.
The process is exactly similar to the coagulation necrosis described in the case of tubercles by Weigert.
The smaller of these tumors are composed throughout of actively growing cells, while the large tumors present an area of central necrosis exactly as do the subcutaneous tumors.
The relief of obstruction, however, may be due either to necrosis of the obstructing portions of the tumor, while the remainder continues to grow progressively, or to a relief of the accompanying muscular spasm.
Not only are the subjective symptoms alleviated, but also the tumors appear to become cleaner and softer; the rate of growth is retarded; necrosis and metastasis are prevented, and inoperable tumors become operable.
In those cases where no abscess has yet burst it is easy to feel by the gap in the muscles that considerable necrosis has occurred.
Over six months after the original admission he was readmitted with necrosis of the jaw, for which he underwent operation, and was discharged a month later.
Small areas of necrosis appear on the pads of the fingers and of the toes; also at the edges of the ears and tip of the nose.
A peculiar feature of phosphorus-poisoning is necrosis of the jaw.
Fayrer speaks of a wolf-bite of the forearm, followed by necrosis and hemorrhage, necessitating ligature of the brachial artery and subsequent excision of the elbow-joint.
Poncet hastened a cure in a case of necrosis with partial destruction of the periosteum by inserting grafts taken from the bones of a dead infant and from a kid.
Where there are signs of necrosis of the tumor, operation is necessary at once to prevent sepsis.
Pressure may cause areas of necrosis resulting in fistulas into the bladder, rectum, or between the uterus and the vagina.
In very rare cases necrosis of the skull may result or the inflammation may even extend to the brain.
Necrosis may also be due to the bruising of the tissues by large hailstones, to gun-shot wounds, or to any form of contusion which kills the living cells of cortex and cambium.
It is easy to see how such an area of Necrosis may become a Canker if the dead tissues split or slough off, and fungi or insects obtain access to the callus at the margins of the area, setting up the disturbances described on p.
Necrosis started by frost, and many small necrotic patches would eventually become Cankers if not healed up by the callus.
Necrosis is often due to frost, which kills the cortex of Pears, Beech, etc.
Necrosis is a natural and common result of fire, and it frequently happens after forest-fires which have run rapidly through the dry underwood, fanned by steady winds, that the lower parts of the boles are scorched on one side only.
The necrosis which results may affect all the tissues, or only the cortex and cambium, and the frequent accompaniment of all kinds of saprophytic Ascomycetes and moulds or other fungi is in no way causal to the phenomenon.
All that is true of the necrosis of cortical tissues in small patches also applies to cases where the whole of the outer tissues of thin twigs and branches die of inanition owing to a premature fall of leaves--e.
Infected sweetgums generally produce the exudate in great quantities, to which the common name of bleeding necrosis has been applied.
Another of the dangers is gradual occlusion of the arteries bringing about necrosis with softening of the brain substance.
The muscle fibers are increased in number and in size, and there are frequently areas of fibrous myocarditis due to necrosis caused by insufficient nutrition of parts of the muscle.
Necrosis of the part follows, blood is found in the stools, and perforation or gangrene, or both, are apt to follow.
The arteries of the brain are terminal arteries and the blood supply would be cut off entirely with a resulting anemic necrosis of the part supplied by the artery and a loss of function of the part.
The lad, whom scrofula was eating away, whose hip was attacked by an abscess, and in whom there were already signs of necrosis of the vertebrae, seemed to take a passionate interest in the agony he thus beheld.
The case, said the doctor, had been one of caries of the bones of the left heel, with a commencement of necrosis necessitating excision; and yet the frightful, suppurating sore had been healed in a minute at the first immersion in the piscina.
It may lead to necrosis of the bone or a fistulous tract from the bone to the surface.
In necrotic stomatitis vesicles are never formed, necrosis occurring from the beginning and followed by the formation of yellowish, cheesy patches, principally found in the mouth.
This condition is caused by an infection with certain microorganisms (streptococci, necrosis bacilli) and may be contagious.
In hogs it has caused necrotic or diphtheritic processes in the mucous membrane of the mouth, necrosis of the anterior wall of the nasal septum, and pulmonary and intestinal necrosis, accompanying hog cholera.
The margin of the orbit may be crushed at any point and cause periorbital abscess, or necrosis may result from the presence of a splinter of bone or the excessive destruction of bone.
Subsequent sloughing or necrosis may occur, or pus may form deep within the wall and gain an exit at the margin of the heel.
These changes may progress to necrosis and extensive ulceration.
Where secondary infection has occurred, extensive necrosis of the glands is seen.
A bad odor is found where there is necrosis of the bone in the nasal passages or in chronic catarrh.
An ulcer is a circumscribed area of necrosis occurring on the skin or mucous membrane and covered with granulation tissue.
A dental fistula may arise from the necrosis of the root of a tooth.
The complete absorption of the cheesy material of an ischæmic necrosis may occur by the extension into the latter of a granulation-tissue from the periphery.
Certain of the conditions now regarded as indicative of a coagulative necrosis or a hyaline degeneration were previously described by Wagner as the result of a croupous or fibrinous metamorphosis.
A necrosis of the part whose direct arterial supply is cut off takes place when the structure of the organ affected is such that the admission of arterial blood is wholly interfered with.
It occasionally happens that while cicatrization is taking place at one end of the ulcer the process of necrosis and ulceration is still going on at the other, so that two or more ulcers may occasionally run together.
The deposition of calcium salts thus represents a disorder of nutrition, and may be experimentally produced by agencies which occasion a necrosis of tissues.
The coagulative necrosis of various organs, to be more fully mentioned hereafter, is closely allied to fibrinous clotting, the fibrino-plastic element being derived from the death of the parenchymatous cells of the part.
Gangrene here may lead to necrosisof the cartilages of the larynx.
In the few cases, he says, in which the periostitis is followed by necrosis the extent of dead bone has always been less than that of the inflammation over it.
The term coagulative necrosis has consequently been introduced by Cohnheim to represent the process first fully described in detail by Weigert.
Necrosis of the glands {263} probably rarely occurs before the beginning of the second week, but it has occasionally been observed much earlier.
Rindfleisch defines diphtheritic inflammation as that form of inflammation which produces a coagulating necrosis in the tissues by the immigration of schizomycetæ.
A direct necrosis or inflammation by the inoculation of diphtheritic elements can only be produced in the cornea, as was shown by Recklinghausen, and particularly Eberth.
The teeth that are already carious, decay more rapidly; they become loose, and some may be shed; the inflammatory action may extend to the jaw, and necrosis of portions of the bone is no unusual occurrence.
In cases that recovered, a purulent discharge came from the nostrils with occasional necrosis of the mucous membrane.
The most constant and peculiar effect of breathing small quantities of phosphorus vapour is a necrosis of the lower jaw.
There is first inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw, which proceeds to suppuration and necrosis of a greater or smaller portion.
Another peculiarity of a similar nature was the occasional late necrosis of fragments; the wounds apparently healed well, only to break down weeks or months later for the discharge of a sequestrum.
In the absence both of evident necrosis and suppuration, however, in some cases the exit portion of the track in the soft parts was extremely slow in healing.
In the case of the mandible, considerablenecrosis is inevitable, and much time is saved by the primary removal of all actually loose fragments.
A few fragments of bone sometimes needed primary removal, and occasionally small sequestra were removed at a later date; but necrosis was rare, unless some complication led to the development of a fistula.
Experience in fracture of the limbs has shown a tendency to quiet necrosis when comminution was severe, in spite of primary union.
Primarily the lesion begins in the rete middle layers, and is purely vesicular in character; later, necrosis of the rete and extending deep in the corium is observed.
The necrosis may be superficial or deep, and quite usually results in a persistent ulcer covered by a leathery coating; it is usually painful.
The infiltration and necrosis may advance longitudinally, and, finally, the individual ulcerations coalesce with each other: in this way may be explained in part the dentate appearance of the edges of these ulcerations.
The relative frequency of the association between suppurating cavities and amyloid disease is not greater than long-standing necrosis with an extensive sequestrum is with the same state; but the actual number of the former is greater.
It has a tendency to terminate in destruction and exfoliation of the mucous membrane of the gums and other tissues attacked, and eventually in necrosis of the jaw-bone.
Carious teeth, fracture and necrosis of the jaw (Meigs), and protracted catarrhal stomatitis are among the chief exciting causes.
Besides dysentery and typhoid fever, tuberculosis and syphilis are occasional causes of ulceration and necrosis of the intestinal walls which may be attended with hemorrhage.
The morbid process may extend to the bone itself, and necrosis and extensive {178} exfoliation follow.
A slight injury to the {237} periosteum may excite a destructive caries or necrosis of the underlying bone, and a temporary catarrh of the intestines a tabes mesenterica with all its fatal consequences.
Rokitansky first suggested this view by assigning hemorrhagic necrosis of the mucous membrane as the first step in the formation of the ulcer; but it is Virchow who has most fully developed this view and has given it its main support.
Ebstein regards this necrosis as primary and the deposition of the uratic salt as secondary.
Necrosis of the inferior maxilla entails continuance of the disagreeable local symptoms until the discharge in fragments or in mass of the dead portions of bone.
Since the work of Weigert we know that this is a sure sign of that peculiar form of death of a tissue to which the name of coagulation necrosis has been given.
It is in these cases that detachment of the teeth takes place, with periostitis and necrosis of the alveoli.
Attacking the lymphoid follicles in the mucous membrane, it causes first inflammatory enlargement, then necrosis and ulceration.
The affected areas became deep red, then violacious in color; and in many instances ulcerations and necrosis (breakdown of tissue) followed.
Wounds and burns which were healing adequately suppurated and serious necrosis occurred.
South Africa, the slight wound--David insisted it was slight, a fuss about nothing, because he had enquired about necrosis of the jaw and realized that even if he had recovered it would have left indisputable marks on face and throat.
I really don't know why I told you that silly falsehood in the train--about necrosis of the jaw.
In fact you went so far as to say you had had 'necrosis of the jaw,' a thing I politely doubted because whatever it was it has left no perceptible scar.
I got wounded, had to go into hospital--necrosis of the jaw .
Syphilitic meningitis is usually secondary to cario-necrosis of the bones of the vault or to a localised gumma of the brain.
In cases of compound fracture, and in other conditions associated with necrosis of bone, masses of redundant granulation tissue growing from the soft parts outside the skull may simulate a hernia cerebri.
A narrow knife is passed in at the nostril and the skin freely separated from the bone; the bone is then broken into several pieces with necrosis forceps, and the fragments moulded into shape.
When the perichondrium becomes invaded, necrosis of cartilage is liable to occur.
The bridge of the nose may sink in also as a result of necrosis of the nasal bones, particularly in tertiary syphilis, and less frequently from tuberculous disease.
It may be differentiated from a tertiary syphilitic condition by the absence of ulceration and necrosis of bone, by the odour, and by the fact that it is not influenced by anti-syphilitic treatment.
Necrosis of the outer table, or even of the whole thickness of the skull, may follow, although it is by no means uncommon for large denuded areas of bone to retain their vitality.
Inflammation may ensue, and in some cases suppuration and even necrosis of cartilage may follow.
Union takes place rapidly, and owing to the vascularity of the parts necrosisis rare, even when suppuration ensues.
Perichondritis may occur and be followed by necrosis of cartilage and the formation of abscesses in the submucous tissue of the larynx or in the cellular tissue of the neck.
Among the other effects of dental caries may be mentioned localised necrosis of the alveolar margin, cellulitis of the neck, and enlargement of the cervical lymph glands.
If now one increased artificially in the vicinity of the bacillus the amount of necrotizing substance in the tissue, the necrosis would spread a greater distance.
The single bacillus cannot, therefore, induce necrosis at a great distance, for as soon as necrosisattains a certain extension the growth of the bacillus subsides, and therewith the production of the necrotizing substance.
In such cases the necrosis generally extends only to a part of the cells, which then, with further growth, assume the peculiar form of riesen zelle, or giant cells.
In fact, within six to forty-eight hours, according to the strength of the dose, an injection which is not sufficient to produce the death of the animal may cause extendednecrosis to the skin in the vicinity of the place of injection.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "necrosis" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
