The chief advance in aural surgery in recent years has been in the surgery of the mastoid process and antrum.
The bottom of the bottle will represent the posterior wall of the tympanum, from the upper part of which an opening leads backward into the mastoid antrum and so into the air-cells of the mastoid process.
In some mammals, especially Carnivora, the middle ear is enlarged to form the tympanic bulla, but the mastoid cells are peculiar to Man.
After a fortnight's treatment with this and with flying blisters to the nape of the neck and the mastoid process, I commenced the use of the constant current daily (ten cells, Weiss).
But most especially is this the case when the pain is situated in some part of the cranium, as the parietal or temporal eminences, the mastoid process, or the prominences of the occipital bone.
In both sexes the zygomatic breadth is less, but the mastoid breadth is greater than in albicaudatus.
Your present recollection as to aspects of identification was limited, that is the only one you discussed with Mr. Fain was the fact that your brother had a mastoid operation on one of his ears.
The only scar that I was familiar with was the one over one ear, I do not recall which ear it was, where he had a mastoid operation performed at an earlier date.
Thus, he notices the quadrilateral shape of the parietal bones; he distinguishes the squamous, the styloid, the mastoid and the petrous portions of the temporal bones; and he remarks the peculiar situation and shape of the sphenoid bone.
At the side the outline of the sterno-mastoid muscle is the most striking mark; it divides the anterior triangle of the neck from the posterior.
The lateral sinus can be mapped out by joining the inion to the asterion, a point two-thirds of the distance from the lambda to the tip of the mastoid process; thence the sinus curves downward and forward toward the tip of the mastoid process.
In two other cases that I saw, in one the bullet was lodged in the zygomatic fossa, in the second just below the mastoid process.
All the wounds of the mastoidprocess were, in addition, accompanied by absolute deafness.
Entry, at the anterior border of the sterno-mastoid opposite the pomum Adami; exit, through the ninth rib below and 1/2 an inch external to the scapular angle.
The larynx became pushed over 3/4 of an inch to the left of the median line, and the extension beneath the sterno-mastoid downwards raised a doubt as to whether the common carotid could be exposed without encroaching on the walls of the sac.
The sterno-mastoid was prominent, also the sternal third of the clavicle.
Entry, immediately to the right of the fourth cervical spinous process; exit, at the anterior border of the left sterno-mastoid opposite the angle of the mandible.
Loss of hearing was also not infrequent; thus it accompanied all three wounds of the mastoid process quoted under the heading of the seventh nerve, also two cases of fracture of the occipital bone near the ear quoted on p.
Entry, at the posterior margin of the sterno-mastoid muscle, 2 inches above the clavicle; the bullet came to the surface beneath the skin over the fifth rib, in the nipple line of the right side.
Wounds of the mastoid process will not be considered in this connection as being of a special nature (see p.
Facial paralysis was most commonly observed in cases of wound of the mastoid process, apart from central cortical facial paralyses, of which several are quoted in the chapter on injuries of the head.
If the incision is made more towards the inner border of the left mastoid muscle, greater space is gained.
Either rigidity, or spasmodic action, or both, of the sterno-mastoid muscles, displaces the head and twists the neck.
Openings form over the mastoid process, communicating with the cells; and these are often connected with abscess betwixt the dura mater and pars petrosa of the temporal bone.
An incision is made in the upper triangular space of the neck, and in the course of the vessel, midway betwixt the sterno-mastoid muscle and the muscles covering the forepart of the larynx.
The matter makes its way to the top of the sternum, and generally points on the outside of the sterno-mastoid muscles.
A second incision, about two inches in length, was carried along the posterior edge of the sterno-mastoid muscle, at a right angle with the preceding.
In a female on whom I operated some years since, this advantage could not be obtained on account of induration in the belly of the sterno-mastoid muscle, with contraction.
The sternal attachment of the sterno-mastoid muscle is separated, the cervical fascia divided, the cellular tissue betwixt the sterno-hyoid muscles separated, and the vessel exposed.
Of or pertaining to the sternum and the mastoid process.
Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.
Place indicating the interval between the clavicular and sternal insertions of sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle.
The external jugular vein, H, Plate 4, as it descends the neck from the angle of the jaw obliquely backwards over the sterno-mastoid muscle, may be easily compressed and opened in any part of its course.
Sternal attachment of the sterno-mastoid muscle, marking the situation of the root of common carotid.
The exact locality of the artery in this part of its course would be indicated by a finger's breadth external to the clavicular attachment of the sterno-mastoid muscle.
The clavicle at its sternal end is round and thick, where it gives attachment to the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle.
The intermastoid arch, measured across the vertex of the skull from the tip of one mastoid process to the other, furnishes an accurate gauge of this development.
Brain symptoms, paralysis and pus symptoms do not now preclude an operation on the mastoid for mastoid disease.
Operations on the Mastoid cells are frequently performed now and save many lives.
Diseases of the middle ear and the mastoid are always to be considered serious, and should be very closely watched.
Cold applications are valuable and should be applied directly over the mastoid behind the ear.
Frequently, however, on account of disease of one or more of the bony parts, the wall of the middle ear or the mastoid cells, the discharge continues for weeks and may become chronic in its character.
The pus may drain from the mastoid into the middle ear cavity.
The first wound was slight; the second a deep flesh-wound over the trapezius muscle; the third extended from the right sterno-cleido-mastoid midway upward to the middle of the jaw and down to the rapine of the trachea.
The ball entered the skull beneath the left mastoid process and passed out of the right eye.
The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the tympanum, mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube.
Here, also, sound is collected and retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea.
In males, the mastoid breadth and zygomatic breadth are about the same as in haidarum, as also is the weight.
The relative narrowness indicated by the mastoid breadth is maintained throughout the skull.
C Tail without a black pencil and with at most a few black hairs at extreme tip; in both sexes mastoid breadth ordinarily exceeds breadth of braincase, Mustela rixosa, least weasel, p.
Females of nevadensis, on the average, relative to the basilar length are narrower across the mastoid processes and zygomata and have the braincase deeper at the anterior margin of the basioccipital.
Brussels Brown rather than Buckthorn Brown color of upper parts and mastoid breadth less than postpalatal length; from M.
In ventral view the skull of primulina is seen to be wider across the mastoid processes and zygomatic arches but the most pronounced difference is in the tympanic bullae.
Females are of about equal size; in relation to other dimensions, braincase shallower and mastoid and zygomatic breadths less.
Features in which perda averages more than goldmani are: relative interorbital breadth, relative mastoidbreadth and depth of skull at anterior margin of basioccipital.
The skull of latirostra is generally smaller and relatively, on the average, has the preorbital part of the skull deeper and broader with longer tooth-rows, although with shorter rostrum, while the zygomatic and mastoid breadths are less.
Below the auditory canal is situated a round prominence, highly developed in carnivora; this is the tympanic bulla, also called the mastoid protuberance; it is an appendage of the tympanum.
Behind the glenoid cavity is found the external auditory canal, and, further back still, the mastoid process.
Here, between the two sterno-mastoid muscles, we find a space broader above than below, in which are situated the larynx and the trachea, to the general arrangement of which is due the cylindrical form which this region presents.
What has become of the other two, the sterno-cleido mastoid and the deltoid?
The periotic is large, especially the mastoid portion, which forms a distinct portion of the skull wall between the squamosal and exoccipital.
Immediately behind the tympanic, between it and the mastoid process of the periotic and the paroccipital process of the exoccipital is the =stylomastoid foramen= (fig.
VII), which lies between the tympanic bulla, the paroccipital process, and the mastoid portion of the periotic.
Another two inches in length along posterior border of sterno-mastoid meets the first at an angle.
This operation is an easy one; the sterno-mastoid edge being once fairly exposed, the nerve is easily seen, and a piece should be cut out at least half an inch in length.
It may be noted here that even in thin subjects the sterno-mastoid edge invariably overlaps the vessel, though in many anatomical diagrams it would appear to be in part subcutaneous.
The trunk is easily reached by an incision extending from near the external auditory meatus to the angle of the jaw, which enables the parotid to be pushed forward and the edge of the sterno-mastoid pulled backwards.
The spinal accessory occasionally may be divided before it enters the sterno-mastoid in cases of spasmodic wry neck, with great advantage.
The sternal attachment of the sterno-mastoid must then be cautiously divided, as also part or the whole of its clavicular attachment, according as room is required.
The anterior border of the sterno-mastoid must be pulled backwards, and the digastric and stylo-hyoid forwards and inwards.
The patient lying down with the shoulders raised and head thrown well back, the sternal attachment of the right sterno-mastoid must be very freely exposed.
Using the anterior border of the sterno-mastoid as a guide, but leaving it gradually above to a little nearer the mesial line, an incision (Plate IV.
As a result of free opening of themastoid cavity recovery, as a rule, takes place in the ordinary manner.
The nerve then extends directly downwards towards the stylo-mastoid foramen, being situated deeply within the posterior meatal wall.
The head should be shaved for a space of 2 inches around the mastoid region, twenty-four hours before the operation if possible.
If it be certain that chronic middle-ear suppuration already exists, the complete mastoid operation is indicated.
It must not be forgotten, however, that simple opening of the antrum and mastoid cells will be quite sufficient if the condition is the result of a recent and acute inflammation of the mastoid process.
If the lower portion of the mastoid process be composed of large cells, the abscess within the mastoid may break through the bone at its inner surface in the region of the digastric fossa.
The angular process is short, barely exceeding the lateral extensions of the mastoid process of the squamosal.
The generalized skulls are short and not especially narrow; the zygomatic arches are spread laterally so far that the breadth across them exceeds the breadth across the mastoid processes.
The most specialized skulls are platycephalic and the breadth across the mastoid processes equals or exceeds the breadth across the zygomatic arches (even so, the zygomatic arches are still relatively widespread).
This may lead to perforation of the membrana tympani, purulent infiltration of the mastoid cells, etc.
The sterno-mastoid is the muscle chiefly affected, but any of the muscles of the neck may become rheumatic in the same way, and frequently several of them suffer at the same time.
In rare instances the abscess, having burrowed beneath the pharyngeal muscles, may open at the external angle of the jaw or behind the sterno-mastoid muscle.
Painful sensation in the sides of the neck, left, at mastoid or below it, continuing longer than on right side.
Externally, there is scarlet redness of the neck below the mastoid process, throbbing of the carotids, the neck feels tired, the head heavy and the parotid glands are swollen and painful.
Besides this continuation of the tympanum into the mastoid cells, it has a free communication with the mouth, by means of a tube I shall soon describe.
It is bounded externally by the membrana tympani; internally by its inner wall; and in its circumference by the petrous portion of the temporal bone and mastoid cells.
The Cranial index (breadth across bullae/length of skull x100) reflects the development of the auditory or mastoid region of the skull as an adaptation for more acute hearing and possibly for more delicate balance.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "mastoid" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
