The peculiarities of exogamous societies, for instance, are traced back to the even more primitive practice of Totemism, the grouping of men according to their conceptions of animal worship and to their symbols.
Each of these marriage groups is exogamous and includes a majority of totem groups.
The totemic clan is a totally different social organism from the exogamous class, and we have good grounds for thinking that it is far older.
He sought the motive for the exogamous habit in the scarcity of women among these tribes, which had resulted from the custom of killing most female children at birth.
The subclass c forms an exogamous unit with e, and the subclass d with f.
But, if the primal groups were not exogamousthey would become so as soon as totemic myths and taboos were developed out of the animal, vegetable, and other names of small local groups.
However, to trace back exogamous sexual restrictions to legal intentions does not add anything to the understanding of the motive which created these institutions.
In its relation to the band system of government and its exogamous tendency it is clearly conventional.
The Crow, however, have not onlyexogamous bands but phratries.
We have seen in the Blackfoot system the suggestion that the band circle or camp circle organization is in function a political and ceremonial adjunct and that the exogamous aspects of these bands were accidental.
These exogamous subdivisions, which are peculiar to Australia, are known as matrimonial classes.
We reach relatively firm ground, on the other hand, when we pass on to consider the social organization of such exogamous and totemic peoples as the natives of Australia.
In Australia the tribe--a term to be defined presently--is nearly always split up into two exogamous divisions, which it is usual to call phratries.
Seeing what a miserable remnant the Veddas are, I cannot but believe that we have here the case of a formerly exogamous people, groups of which have been forced to marry-in, simply because the alternative was not to marry at all.
At the bottom of the social system, as understood by the average Hindu, stands a large body of non-Aryan castes and tribes, each of which is broken up into a number of what may be called totemistic exogamous septs.
The inhabitants of these islands are divided into two exogamous classes, which in the Duke of York Island have two insects for their totems.
The Battas are divided into exogamous clans (margas) with descent in the male line; and each clan is forbidden to eat the flesh of a particular animal.
A division of the community into two exogamous groups is very widely spread, no intermarriage being permitted within the group.
Margas, exogamous totemic clans of the Battas of Sumatra, xi.
Mr. Hill-Tout supposes that the exogamous rules were made for "political" reasons.
Their marriage law, to repeat our case briefly, now reposes solely on the familiar and confessedly late system of exogamous alternating classes, as among other northern tribes.
In the same way, if the northern tribes had once been in the Arunta state of belief, their totems would still be in both exogamous moieties, and would not regulate marriage.
In several cases, where phratry names are lost, or are of unknown meaning, Eagle Hawk and Crow occur in opposite exogamous moieties, which once had phratry names, or now have phratry names of unknown significance.
If this can be proved, exogamous Aryans either passed through polyandrous institutions, or borrowed a savage custom derived from a period when ideas of kinship were obscure.
The exogamous prohibition must have first come into force when kinship was only reckoned on one side of the family.
Thirdly: Mr. Morgan seems to require, for the enforcement of the exogamous law, a contrat social.
Will any one assert, then, that people among whom the exogamous prohibition arose were organised on the system of the patriarchal family, which permits the nature of kinship to be readily understood at a glance?
The exogamous prohibition must first have come into force when kinship was so little understood that it could best be denoted by the family name.
The result of these changes will be that an exogamous totem kin, with female descent, has become a gens, with male kinship, and only the faintest trace of exogamy.
Even if the myth be an elementary one, its constructors must have been in the exogamous stage of society.
How the exogamous prohibition tends to confirm this view will next be set forth in our consideration of Totemism.
The testimony is also tolerably full that among metis and among exogamous peoples the female birth-rate is often excessively high.
Great importance is attached to gotras or exogamous septs, and it is said that the septs of the bride and bridegroom are conspicuously inscribed on the walls of a marriage house.
An exogamoussection or kovil of Nattukottai Chetti.
They are said to have migrated thither four or five centuries ago with a younger brother of the King of Vizianagram, who belonged to the Pusapati exogamous sept.
The former haveexogamous septs or bamsams, the names of which are also used as titles, e.
Recorded as an exogamous sept or gotra of Balija, Golla, Kamma, and Medara.
The equivalent Solangal occurs as an exogamoussept of Vallamban, and Soliya illam (Malayalam, house) as an exogamous sept of Panikkans in the Tamil country.
An exogamous sept of Odde, named after the annual Mahasivaratri festival in honour of Siva.
Perumalathillom, meaning apparently big mountain house, is an exogamous sept or illom of the Kanikars of Travancore.
From the broader viewpoint of social evolution the problems of inbreeding or crossing of stocks merge into the discussion of the endogamous and exogamous types of society.
Hayavadana Rao writes that the caste is divided into exogamous septs or intiperulu, some of which occur also among the Kapus, Telagas, and Vantaris.
The head of a single village is called a Padal, and it may be noted that Padala occurs as an exogamous sept of the Kapus, of which caste it has been suggested that the Bagatas are an offshoot.
A gotra or exogamous sept of Agasa, Kurni, Kuruba, and Odde.
An exogamous sept of Kamma and Bonthuk Savara, and a sub-division of Kapu.
The supposed exogamous tribes, according to the theory, enforcing the infanticide of female children, and not permitting marriage within the tribe, must have been wholly dependent upon the endogamous groups for their women.
Ganta or Gantla, meaning a bell, has been recorded as anexogamous sept of Kamma and Balija.
Like other Telugu castes, the Gudalas have exogamoussepts or intiperulu, e.
Recorded, at times of census, as an exogamous sept of Anappans, who are Canarese cattle-grazers settled in the Tamil country.
These are a grouping of the community in two or more exogamous divisions, between which the totem kins, where they exist, are distributed.
If we start with twoexogamous local groups in which the determinant spouse removes, the result is two groups in which both phratries are found, as is evident from the following graphic representation.
In respect of other property, inheritance in North Queensland is in the male line, for it descends to blood brothers and remains in the same exogamousgroup from generation to generation.
They are termed by Mr Mathews "blood" and "shade" divisions, and are held by him to be the names of the really exogamous groups.
The result of these changes will be that an exogamous totem kin, with female descent, has become a gens, with male kinship, and only the faintest trace of exogamy.
Will anyone assert, then, that people among whom the exogamous prohibition arose were organised on the system of the patriarchal family, which permits the nature of kinship to be readily understood at a glance?
Thirdly: Mr. Morgan seems to require, for the enforcement of the exogamous law, a contrat social.
An individual’s wife may not have a brother and her brother may not have a daughter for the husband to marry, but where exogamous groups exist every tribesman is by birth a member of a particular group.
The Miwok of California are organized in approximately exogamous moieties, and their nomenclature bears some resemblance to that of the Omaha.
For example, Tylor reduced the institution of cross-cousin marriage to the principle of exogamous moieties by assuming the wider significance.
As Morgan divined and Tylor clearly recognized, this system is connected with the one-sided exogamous kin organization by which an individual is reckoned as belonging to the exogamous social group of one, and only one, of his parents.
Doubtless here, too, we must reckon to a considerable extent with the effect of diffusion, which repeatedly carried the Dakota principle to non-exogamous tribes.
In North America, the non-exogamous tribes are either bifurcating but fail to merge the collateral and lineal lines or neither bifurcate nor merge.
When we compare such systems with those of the more northern and exogamous tribes, viz.
It developed, as a matter of fact, that practically all the tribes with exogamous ‘clans’, i.
Exogamous kin groups occur both in southern Africa and in many sections of America from whichexogamous moieties have never been reported.
An advantage which the exogamousprinciple enjoys over every special marriage rule is the universality of its sway over the population.
It is, indeed, manifest that the levirate-polygyny rule stands to the exogamous principle somewhat in the relation of a part to the whole or of a special instance to a broader principle.
But the objection vanishes if we accept the theory that the Dakota principle arose as a reflection not of a multiple clan system but of an organization with exogamous moieties.
Though the distribution of the moiety is far more restricted than that of exogamous groups generally, there is no doubt that not a few elements of the Dakota principle are most readily derived from a dual organization.
As he suggests, it is most serviceable where the exogamous factor does not occur, or, as I should add, where diffusion of features from a system affected by exogamy seems improbable.
Spencer and Gillen appear to advance, but also to qualify out of existence, a theory of a motive for an exogamous bisection of earlier non-exogamous local totem groups.
To prevent near marriages (previously universal), the commune is split into two exogamous intermarrying phratries.
Probably his best plan would be to say 'the horde was bisected into two moieties, for exogamous purposes, and animal names, for the sake of distinction, were arbitrarily imposed on the phratry divisions.
It will be necessary, therefore, to deal with the two principal signs of alleged Arunta progress, male descent and the exogamous classes.
Mr. Lang argues that the presence of exogamous classes and male descent shows the Arunta to be more advanced than other Australian peoples;[371] Messrs.
There is indeed, the myth which points to a two-class exogamous division for marital purposes,[379] but there is more than myth for the unrestricted intercourse of the sexes both before and after marital rights.
This is the exogamous class system operating even in the case of conflict, when men have resorted to their primitive instincts and their primitive methods.
Some exceptions to the rule that Totem-clans are exogamous may, perhaps, be explained by supposing that certain bands had not adopted Exogamy when they became totemistsaEuro"may not this have happened amongst the Arunta?
I conjecture that those classes resulted at first from a grouping of exogamous Totem-clans which grew up by custom, and that the only deliberate work consisted in some minor adjustments of clan-relations.
Exogamous classes having been established in some tribes, may have been imitated in others.
But the Arunta with some neighbouring tribes of Central Australia, though divided into eight exogamous classes, have not subordinated the Totem clans; which, accordingly, are not exogamous.
Thus a well-marked form of sexual communism, limited only by the exogamous prohibitions which attach to the clans, prevails among these people.
Margas, exogamous totemic clans of the Battas of Sumatra, ii.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "exogamous" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
