Again, smallpox is communicable to a person who visits the patient in his room but avoids touching him, while cowpox is never thus transferred through the air unless deliberately diffused in the form of spray.
The inoculation test in the case of cowpox does not respond with fever and eruption for at least 10 days, and often longer.
The method of vaccination with material derived from the eruptions of cowpox as a safeguard against the ravages of smallpox in members of the human family is well known.
The contagion of cowpox does not travel through the air from animal to animal, but is transfused only by actual contact of the contagious principle with the skin of some susceptible animal.
Cowpox or horsepox may be accidentally transmitted by inoculation.
It was not before the commencement of the present year [1800], that I ascertained that the cowpox had not the power of superseding the smallpox.
Most of them [Jenner's colleagues] had met with cases in which those who were supposed to have had cowpox had subsequently been affected with smallpox.
But if the vaccine inoculation be employed in a case thus circumstanced, the smallpox is not prevented, although the tumour produced by the cowpox inoculation advance to maturation.
Adams was inconsistent in reaffirming his old faith in cowpox and at the same time demanding liberty for the inoculators.
The proof that cowpox had some power over smallpox consisted in trying to inoculate with the latter those who had been previously inoculated with the former.
Sometime after Jenner had used the swinepox matter, he began to talk among his medical neighbours of using cowpox matter.
Variolae vaccinae as a name for cowpox was a figure of speech, and it is to misunderstand its original use to treat it as anything else.
That he never knew this disease extend itself in the highest degree to the udder, unless mortification had ensued; and that he can at all times cure the cowpox in eight or nine days[1077].
Vaccination for the cowpox introduced with great success in Persia.
Concealing the nature of the malady from Mr. Cole, his new master, and being there also employed in milking, the cowpox was communicated to the cows.
Yet were this to happen before the nature of the cowpox be more maturely considered by the public my evidence on the subject might be depreciated unjustly.
Smallpox and cowpox are closely allied and the substances formed in the blood by the one are resistant to the virus of the other.
Ever since the year 1804 a belief was entertained by many persons that the cowpox only afforded a temporary security.
Bacon is of opinion that the cowpox is now what it was at the beginning.
Besides these important advances in medicine made by him, and his great discovery of the identity of cowpox and smallpox, Dr.
The boy went through an attack of cowpoxin a regularly satisfactory manner.
Something of Jenner's enthusiasm for experiment may be gathered from the fact that he did not hesitate even to inject various materials related to cowpox into the arm of his own children.
He soon found, however, that the protection was not afforded unless the cowpox had been communicated at a particular stage of the disease.
Jenner demonstrated conclusively that the cowpox protects the human constitution from the infection of smallpox.
Cowpox is like a mild form of smallpox, and the introduction of this virus gives complete immunity to smallpox for several years after vaccination.
Smallpox has been brought under absolute control by vaccination,--the inoculation of man with the substance (called virus) which causes cowpox in a cow.
He found that instances occurred in which the true cowpox failed in preventing smallpox; but nothing daunted by this apparently fatal discovery he set about ascertaining the causes of this deviation.
The intention was to convert the vesicles into an issue, after the progress of the cowpox had been observed.
Jenner had not before seen the cowpox but as presented on the hands of the milkers, nor had it been transmitted from one human being to another.
The modesty of Jenner was evidenced in his original intention of submitting his observations on the cowpox in a paper addressed to the Royal Society.
The English country doctor merely said in essence--"let me give you cowpox and you will not get smallpox.
Jesty died in 1816, and it is recorded on his tombstone that he was the first person who inoculated cowpox to protect from smallpox.
Now there is a disease of cows know as cowpox or vaccinia (from the Latin vacca, a cow) which is communicable to human beings.
So impressed was Cline with this remarkable result that he wrote to Jenner thus: "I think the substitution of cowpox poison for smallpox one of the greatest improvements that has ever been made in medicine.
In 1788 Jenner had a careful drawing made of the hand of a milkmaid suffering from cowpox to demonstrate to Sir Everard Home how exceedingly similar were vaccinia and variola.
In 1769 a German, Bose, wrote on the subject of cowpoxprotecting from smallpox.
It was in 1780 that Jenner set himself to study cowpox in a way that had never before been attempted, for he was convinced that in the having had an attack of the disease lay the secret of the conquest of that world-scourge.
Jenner called on the great surgeon Mr. Cline, and left some cowpox virus with him for trial.
Rowley, evidently imagining himself honored by a special participation in the Divine counsels, declared that "smallpox is a visitation from God, but cowpox is produced by presumptuous man.
Cowpox had broken out on a farm near Berkeley and a dairy maid called Sarah Neames contracted the disease.
Edward Jenner, the Englishman of Berkeley in Gloucestershire, was the first person to think scientifically on the fact that cowpox protected from smallpox.
It appears to have been understood before Jenner's time that persons who had acquired cowpox by handling cattle, but especially by milking cows, were immune from smallpox.
Jenner's cowpoxwas caused by the diseased hands of the syphilitic milkmaid, Sarah Nehnes.
Cowpox is not a disease peculiar to cattle; it is always due to syphilitic or smallpox infection from the diseased hands of human beings.
In this message to the various legislatures the great statesman said: "The hopes placed in the efficacy of the cowpox virus as a preventive of smallpox have proved entirely deceptive.
Cruwell, who studied the subject thoroughly, says: "Every vaccination with so-called cowpox virus means syphilitic infection.
Cowpox pustules have been found only on the udders of milk cows which came in contact with human hands.
He showed, first, that cowpox could be artificially given to the cow by infecting it with virus from a smallpox patient, and that the disease thus produced was transferable by inoculation from cow to cow.
