Caries was a pustular disease, in which bristle-like hairs formed a prominent feature.
Caries of the teeth has been shown to bear highly important relation to more remote or systemic diseases.
Miller of Berlin (1884) upon the cause of caries of the teeth, a disease said to affect the human race more extensively than any other.
Miller demonstrated that, as previous observers had suspected, caries is of bacterial origin, and that acids play an important rôle in the process.
Inflammatory tooth-ach is occasioned by inflammation of the membranes of the tooth, or a caries of the bone itself.
In the severer cases in which the exudate separates the periosteum from the bone, suppuration, gangrene, and superficial caries are common results.
If the disease is due to a broken back, caries of the vertebræ, or some other irremediable cause, the animal should be destroyed at once.
For the proper treatment of gangrene of the lateral cartilage and extensor tendon and caries of the coffin bone reference may be had to the articles on quittors.
Among the predisposing causes in animals may be enumerated caries of articular surfaces, articular abscesses, excessive dropsical conditions, degenerative softening of the ligaments, and any excessive laxity of the soft structures.
Complications may arise by an extension of the disease to the lateral ligament of the coffin joint, to the joint itself, to the plantar cushion, and by caries of the coffin bone.
This is the most serious form of corns, for the reason that it may induce gangrene of the plantar cushion, cartilaginous quittor, or caries of the coffin bone.
Wasting of the coffin bone and inflammation of its covering with caries is not unusual.
Navicular disease is an inflammation of the sesamoid sheath, induced by repeated bruising or laceration, and complicated in many cases by inflammation and caries of the navicular bone.
When the wound is forward, near the toe, and deep enough to injure the coffin bone, caries always results.
A slight injury to the {237} periosteum may excite a destructive caries or necrosis of the underlying bone, and a temporary catarrh of the intestines a tabes mesenterica with all its fatal consequences.
The causes operating upon the exterior of the tube primarily are suppurative laryngitis and tracheitis, tumefaction and softening of bronchial and tracheal lymphatic glands, and caries of the spine.
It is sometimes produced by caries of the vertebrae, both scrofulous and syphilitic, and by the pressure of aneurismal and other tumors.
In adults syphilitic caries and necrosis are usually due to lesions seated primarily in the osseous or subperiosteal tissues; in the child, at least in this instance, these tissues are involved secondarily.
Curvature from caries of the vertebræ, though not so frequent as the curvature from other causes, is met with pretty often.
In caries of the distal range of bones, the bases of those supported by them are in general involved, and must also be removed.
The termination of caries of the cervical vertebræ, often without any appearance of abscess, is in general fatal and sudden.
In caries the affected portion appears neither to possess vitality enough to enable it to repair the breach, nor to be sufficiently deprived of vitality to be thrown off by the surrounding parts.
The constitutional disorder attendant on caries is at first very great; the sympathetic fever is followed by hectic, under which, and the discharge, many patients sink.
The case, said the doctor, had been one of caries of the bones of the left heel, with a commencement of necrosis necessitating excision; and yet the frightful, suppurating sore had been healed in a minute at the first immersion in the piscina.
To complete her misery, caries of the right knee-cap supervened, a gnawing disease, the shooting pains of which caused her to cry aloud.
The existence of caries in a molar tooth may be ascertained by examining the mouth in the manner already described.
The presence of caries may be suspected if the mouth exhales a bad odor and if the animal during mastication occasionally stops as if it were in pain.
Areas of caries or necrosis occur in the bones, and the disease gradually extends up the leg (Fig.
Caries of the articular surface imparts a woolly appearance or irregular contour in place of the well-defined outline of the articular end of the bone.
Following on the destruction of the cartilage, the articular surface of the bone undergoes disintegration, a condition spoken of as caries of the articular surface.
Advanced articular caries is usually associated with some abnormal attitude and with shortening of the limb.
The occurrence of ulceration of cartilage and of articular caries is attended with the clinical signs of fixation of the joint from involuntary muscular contraction, wasting of muscles, and starting pains.
When there is an absence of caseation and suppuration, the condition is calledcaries sicca.
The local lesion varies from a synovitis with infiltration of the synovial membrane and effusion of serum or pus, to an acute arthritis with erosion of cartilage, caries of the articular surfaces, and disorganisation of the joint.
Ulceration of cartilage and caries of the articular surfaces are common accompaniments of the more serious and progressive forms of joint disease, especially those of bacterial origin.
The term dry caries (caries sicca) is applied to that variety which is unattended with suppuration.
In many cases of ethmoidal caries it is easily removed with nasal forceps.
This operation is indicated in all cases of recurring polypi and extensive caries of the ethmoid, but the plan of operation is also suitable for the removal of some cases of papilloma, fibroma, enchondroma, or osteoma.
Even although the patient may apparently be cured, yet, unless kept under close observation, recurrence of cholesteatomatous masses take place, and frequently cause further caries of the underlying bone.
The chief causes of delay in healing and continuance of the suppuration are sepsis and caries of some part of the bony wall, usually the promontory or floor of the tympanic cavity, or around the orifice of the Eustachian tube.
The regularity of the presence of tubercles in scrofulous abscesses and ulcers of the skin and in scrofulous caries was shown by Friedländer.
Occasionally, however, the affection of the middle ear gives rise to perforation of the tympanum or to caries of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
As in other parts of the skeleton under similar conditions, superficial cariesor necrosis of the underlying bone is apt to occur.
The most common disease was caries or necrosis with abscess.
It is suited especially for cases of caries or other disease of the joint, where the head of the humerus is either alone or chiefly affected:-- A single straight incision (Plate I.
Caries of the head, neck, and trochanters of the femur is a very common disease in this variable climate, and frequently connected with the strumous taint.
Advanced Tuberculous Disease of Acetabulum with caries and perforation into pelvis.
Ulceration of the cartilage and caries of the articular surfaces are common accompaniments.
As the patient is unable to keep the mouth clean, particles of food lodge and decompose there, causing irritation of the mucous membrane, caries of the teeth, and fœtor of the saliva and breath.
The severe pain of caries sicca may be relieved by blistering or by the application of the cautery.
This probably corresponds with caries of the articular surfaces, since pain is now a prominent feature, and there are usually startings at night.
Cervical caries has to be diagnosed from rheumatic torticollis, and from the effects of injuries, such as a sprain or twist of the spine.
Among the other effects of dental cariesmay be mentioned localised necrosis of the alveolar margin, cellulitis of the neck, and enlargement of the cervical lymph glands.
The disease may simulate tuberculous caries or malignant disease.
In rare cases the disease affects only the articular or the spinous processes, producing superficial caries and a localised abscess.
The occurrence of articular caries without swelling of the synovial membrane is exceptional, and is associated with a good deal of pain and considerable restriction of movement.
The primary lesion is either a caseating focus in one of the bones--most often in the upper end of the humerus--or it is of the nature of caries sicca.
Fire then mounting aloft, caries with it the impurities designed in the 10.
A powder to prevent the progress of caries is prescribed, with which the tooth should be rubbed every day, or it may be applied on the decayed spot.
Notwithstanding this, if the caries was not deep, he preferred to extraction the use of caustics and a red-hot iron.
Two years later he published his treatise on the diseases of Highmore’s antrum and on fractures and caries of the maxillary bone.
Nevertheless, we owe a great deal to this author for having once for all put an end to the ridiculous theory of dental worms, and for having tried to find a reasonable explanation of the manner in which caries is produced.
The teeth were absolutely perfect: not one spot of caries could be seen.
The little that can be said about the form which is dependent upon progressively increasing pressure, or involvement of a nerve in malignant ulcerations, caries of bones or teeth, etc.
That portion against the wall of the cavity is the last removed by wear, so that further caries is prevented so long as there is any reasonable amount of tin left.
Every metal has a limited sphere of usefulness, and it should not be expected that tin will contend single-handed against all the complicated conditions which caries presents.
We believe that this bar to the progress of caries is set up more frequently when tin is used than with any other metal under like conditions.
When caries extends to the bifurcation of roots, make a mat of two or three layers of tin, place it in the bifurcation and use it as a base in filling the rest of the cavity with amalgam.
It has saved many teeth from caries at the cervical margin where it might have recurred sooner had cohesive gold been used.
The dentin in young teeth has a large proportion of organic material, for which reason, if caries takes place, many believe it is hastened by thermal changes.
In cases of orthodontia, where caries has attacked a large number of teeth, it is well to fill with tin, and await further developments as to irregularity and caries.
Caries and destruction of the bones of the nose will ultimately take place.
This duct may become closed by inflammation of the lining membrane of the nose, caries of the bone, ulcers, fungous growths, or by the presence of some extraneous substance impacted in it.
Sometimes gummata break down completely, and suppuration, with destruction of the tissues in which they are situated, takes place; thus caries and necrosis not infrequently follow nodes on the bones.
The part is swollen and tender upon pressure, and if suppuration occurs the pain is severe, and cellulitis is apt to develop, involving the surrounding parts, or the joint may be involved, caries of the bones of the articulation resulting.
In all cases of caries it is desirable to remove completely the softened areas in the bone.
A caries of the bone is either superficial or deep seated, recent or inveterate, occasioned by a vicious state of the fluids, or the consequence of some external hurt.
It will certainly be asked, What must be done when the best applications fail, and must we not amputate when the caries is very extensive?
The quality of Fijian teeth as reflected by frequency of caries is excellent.
Sexual selection may promote caries by favouring white teeth, which are more prone to decay than yellow ones.
But he shows that caries is caused by the lime salts in the teeth being attacked by acids from decomposing food in crevices, from artificial drink such as cyder, from sugar, from medicine, and from vitiated secretions of the mouth.
Acid vitiation of the mucus might account both for caries and (possibly) for the strange infertility of some inferior races under civilization.
