After this he lost in weight considerably and suffered so much {305} from headaches that a friendly surgeon suggested that there must be adhesions between his dura and his brain.
Even in cases where adhesions were found between the dura and calvarium and these were broken up, the relief afforded was usually but temporary.
Six months later he was about to submit to another operation, this time for the breaking up of adhesions in the neighborhood of his gall-bladder.
This was probably due to the adhesions that occurred after the old operation, done without any regard to the possible development of such a sequela, some twenty years ago.
When it is fastened firmly in the loin, it is likely to feel every jar, and certain post-operative cases that I have seen, in which firm adhesions had supposedly taken place, complained considerably of the discomfort occasioned by this.
In a certain number of cases, even after the operation, the kidney is still somewhat movable, because the adhesions yield and some of the old distress returns.
I have since heard that he submitted to an operation either for the breaking up of some adhesions around his stomach or in order to tuck up that organ for ptosis.
Infective incidents pointing to the formation of adhesions are a contraindication to this policy, however.
The length of the adhesions which supervene upon pleuritis gives evidence of the extent of these motions.
When lymph becomes effused within the canal upon the surface of the lining mucous membrane, and contracts adhesions across the canal.
Even if the adhesionswere not broken down they would of necessity be so stretched as to be useless for their original purpose after delivery.
After Leger's execution Esquirol found morbidadhesions between the brain and the cerebral membranes.
Philib reports a case in which mutism, almost simulating that of one congenitally deaf, was due to congenital adhesions of the tongue to the floor of the buccal cavity.
During life there were no symptoms of disease of the appendix, and after death no adhesions were found, but this organ was remarkably long, and in it were found 122 robin-shot.
Influenza, causing adhesions of the posterior pillars of the fauces, has given rise to anosmia.
The operation may be a very difficult one, owing to the adhesions and thickening of all the perinephric tissues, or to the small size or remote location of the stone.
Robson reports a multi-locular cyst of the ovary with extensive adhesions of the uterus, removed at the tenth week of pregnancy and ovariotomy performed without any interruption of the ordinary course of labor.
The adhesions were separated and the cyst tapped with a large trocar, and then the septa between the cysts were broken down with the fingers.
It was reduced under anesthesia, after two incisions had been made, the adhesions broken up, and the shrunken sac enlarged by stretching.
Adhesions were found almost everywhere the most difficult to manage being those of the liver and diaphragm.
In chronic hog-cholera, pleural exudation, adhesions and abscesses in the lung tissue may occur.
Pleural and peritonealadhesions to the organs within the body cavities are common.
A common cause of adhesions of weeds or shell-fish, is the oxide of iron formed and deposited round the protectors.
Post-mortem examinations have demonstrated the course it pursued, as adhesions and other results of the inflammation it caused were plainly to be seen.
In old hernias the swelling is soft and elastic, and if they have not contracted adhesions to the sides of the laceration, they can be made to disappear by pressure carefully applied.
There are also in many cases adhesions to a greater or less extent between the heart and pericardium.
In the occurrence of inflammation, causing the formation of new tissue between the membranes and the womb, we find the occasion of unnaturally firm adhesionswhich prevent the spontaneous detachment of the membranes.
There may be firm adhesions of different parts of the lungs to the chest wall, the extent of which depends on the stage and severity of the disease.
On the left side the adhesions were numerous, firm, well organized, and probably old.
On the right side there were a few similar adhesionsand a number of more delicate and probably recent ones.
No intestinal adhesions were found other than those between the transverse colon and the liver, already mentioned.
On the right side slight pleuritic adhesions existed between the convex surface of the lower lobe of the lung and the costal pleura, and firm adhesions between the anterior edge of the lower lobe, the pericardium and the diaphragm.
There were some recent peritoneal adhesionsbetween the posterior wall of the stomach and the posterior abdominal parietes.
A foot-note here says: These adhesions and the firm ones on the right side, as well as those of the spleen, possibly date back to an attack of chronic dysentery, from which the patient is said to have suffered during the civil war.
Some recent peritonealadhesions existed between the upper surface of the right lobe of the liver and the diaphragm.
If there has been much hemorrhage into the joint, adhesions due to the organization of the clot may cause some restriction of motion.
In the chronic variety, on the other hand, there may be limitation of motion due to the formation of bands and adhesions after months or years of inflammation.
There is a form of dry or fibrinous inflammation, without fluid exudate, in which the surface of the membrane loses its polish, becoming dry and red, and adhesions readily form wherever the surfaces are in contact.
The use of the high frequency current in surgery is limited to sprains, stiff joints, neuritic pains, and adhesions due to inflammatory exudates.
Adhesions may form between the peritoneum near the ulcer and the liver, gall-bladder, or pancreas, or an opening may take place posteriorly in the right seventh intercostal space or into the peritoneal cavity.
Only those cases are suitable for resection in which there are no secondary deposits, the general health of the patient is in fair condition, and extensiveadhesions have not been formed.
Through the medium of subphrenic abscess, or directly through adhesions between the stomach and the diaphragm, gastric ulcer may perforate into one of the pleural cavities (generally the left) and cause empyema or pneumo-pyothorax.
Adhesions may form between the diaphragm and the pulmonary pleura, so that the ulcer perforates directly into the lung; in which case pulmonary gangrene or pulmonary abscess is usually developed.
At the autopsy were found adhesions over the whole peritoneal surface and streaks of thickened pus between the coils of intestine.
As the result of adhesionsand the formation and contraction of cicatricial tissue very serious disturbances of the functions of the stomach may follow the repair of gastric ulcer.
He regards such a peritonitis with adhesions as a more advanced stage of the forms of cellular peritonitis already described, and the new cells are changed into membrane.
Adhesions usually form with the neighboring organs, but now and then perforation takes place, and bile, pus, and the calculus are precipitated into the peritoneal cavity.
The mischief done may not be limited to the adhesions formed.
Not infrequently adhesions exist between the stomach and surrounding organs.
Why should the pus break through the adhesions and find its way into the peritoneum after they had been able to make an effectual resistance till the bulk of it had forced a passage into the bowel?
Why should the adhesions have less power to resist when there is less strain upon them and also a patent outlet for the pus?
Autopsy: Normal condition of the scrosa above the omentum: the appendix surrounded by adhesions embedded in fecal pus?
In other instances more extensive duodeno-mesocolic adhesions result in the addition of an "inferior fold," bounding a fossa the entrance into which is directed cephalad toward the transverse mesocolon.
Consequently folding or overlapping of this extensive membrane affords opportunities for adhesions between its own serous surfaces or between it and the remaining visceral and parietal peritoneum of the abdomen.
Later adhesions between the peritoneal surfaces lining the interior of the bursa limit this extension.
At this point the dorsal layer of the omentum has begun to contract adhesions to the hepatic flexure of the colon and ascending colon, but the rest of the transverse colon is free.
The apex of the caecum is turned cephalad and to the right and the appendix extends beneath peritoneal adhesions along the lateral border of the proximal segment of the colon.
The influence of peritoneal adhesions established during the descent of the caecum from the subhepatic position to the iliac fossa.
Further progress cephalad and to the right is barred by the diaphragmatic adhesions of the liver just detailed.
The spleen in this animal has not contracted any extensive adhesions to the parietal peritoneum (the phrenico-lienal lig.
When the tumour is very large, and the skin has been much stretched and undermined, more complicated incisions may be necessary; these must be governed a good deal by the presence and positions of adhesions or ulcerations of the skin.
Hence the size of the incision necessary must vary much with the size of the tumour; and the amount of skin to be removed (if any) on the amount of adhesions it has formed to the tumour.
Thus adhesions to the intestines can generally be separated with comparative ease, and seem, as a rule, to require the application of fewer ligatures than those which unite the tumour to the abdominal wall.
An operative procedure for separating posterior adhesionsof the iris to the lens.
When no adhesions exist it is extremely easy to pass the hand quite round the tumour, ascertain its relations to the uterus and Fallopian tubes, and the length and thickness of its pedicle.
The proper management of the adhesionsand the thorough prevention of all hæmorrhage from them; (2.
If adhesions do form, and the patient recovers, it becomes a matter of great importance for his future comfort that the canal of the intestine should be re-established, and the fistulous opening allowed to close.
In cases in which mobilization of the malleus has caused no improvement, and it is hoped, from the history of the case, that this is due to fibrousadhesions fixing the stapes within the fenestra ovalis.
For example, retraction of the tympanic membrane may be due to closure of the Eustachian tube; to adhesions between it and the promontory; to contraction of the tensor tympani, of the anterior ligament, or of the posterior fold.
Adhesions are apt to form between the septum and the outer wall when opposing surfaces are injured by the galvano-cautery.
If the stapes be ankylosed by fibrous adhesions to the margins of the fenestra ovalis, an attempt may be made to free it by cutting through the adhesions with a fine bistoury.
In order to cut through adhesions surrounding the base of the stapes, a small horizontal incision should be made along its upper margin, and also along the lower, if this is in view.
Adhesions surrounding the articulation between the incus and stapes, and the stapes itself.
Operations for post-syphilitic adhesions of the velum.
He sets to work and overcomes many of the difficulties, but finds at last such extensive pelvic adhesions that it is imprudent to proceed further.
Extensive adhesions between the membrane and inner wall may render it difficult to separate the shaft of the malleus without fracturing its neck.
In acute cases and in cases of secondary glaucoma where there are many adhesions a general anæsthetic is desirable.
This may result in adhesions between it and the membrane.
If the adhesions be extensive, the only method affording a chance of success is to separate the free portion of the tympanic membrane from the part adherent to the inner wall, leaving the latter in situ.
Adhesions between other parts of the tympanic membrane and the inner wall of the tympanic cavity, either by bridles or bands of fibrous tissue, or by the membrane itself being adherent over a large area.
In such cases it has repeatedly been found impossible to extract the foal until such adhesions were broken down.
Valvular obstruction and adhesions may occur or the tendinous cords may be lengthened or shortened, thus obstructing the orifices and permitting the regurgitation of blood.
Then the pupil may be dilated, and frequently its margin loses its regular, ovoid outline and becomes uneven by reason of the adhesions which it has contracted with the capsule of the lens, through its inflammatory exudations.
There are adhesions of the intestines at this point, congestion, inflammation, or even gangrene.
They may continue to grow slowly for many years until they reach a weight of 15 or 20 pounds, and contract adhesions to all surrounding parts.
The danger is death from haemorrhage occurring during the rupture, or adhesions may form, the retained blood forming a haematocele.
Its results are the formation of adhesions causing abnormal positions of the organs, or chronic peritonitis may follow.
Acute oophoritis may culminate in abscess but more usually adhesions are formed.
Such apparent adhesions are easily recognized by the smooth, shining, intact intima which is disclosed after the removal of a clot.
When opposed surfaces are united by the new-formed tissue, the term adhesion is applied; the adhesions being present as fibrous bands, cords, or membranes.
Those most frequently found are adhesions of the dura mater to the inner surface of the cranium, injection or oedema of the pia mater, congestive oedema, and sometimes softening of the brain and effusion at the base of the brain.
If the latter is abundant, it may become encysted by the formation of adhesions between the pelvic organs.
Left side, recent adhesions over whole of posterior surface and base; surface of lower lobe dark, and when it is detached strings of fibrin adhere to it, and it is consolidated.
The intelligent embalmer, will never trust to the fluid passing from the tops of the lungs to the base, as in almost all cases the adhesions between the lungs and the walls absolutely prevent this taking place.
One of the cases was in a boy ten years old, with very firm preputial adhesions and a high grade of inflammation of the parts.
At page 216 he says: "Such is the condition which the parts present in cases of recent balanitis, and these are the inflammations and ulcerations that cause more or less extensive adhesions of the prepuce to the glans.
He also mentions that in the adult the adhesions show greater firmness.
Such adhesions are generally cellular, but sometimes fibrous or even cartilaginous, according to the severity and frequent repetition of the inflammation.
Moses, of New York, out of some fifty circumcisions performed at the eighth day, found only adhesions three times.
It is a more expeditious mode, and the least painful; by this method extensive adhesionscan readily be broken up; vaselin and a piece of fine lint should then be interposed for a couple of days to prevent a re-adherence.
The dilatation of this and the breaking up of the adhesions gave immediate relief.
Preputial adhesions may, according to many observers, also be classed as physiological at an early period of life, as it is by them considered as congenital, and common enough to warrant its being classed as normal.
Arnold, in regard to the increasing character of the firmness in the adhesions of the adult, with the statement of Dr.
On exposure to view, an opening was seen in the clitoris, which was firmly bound down by preputial adhesions near the extremity of the organ.
With the use of cocaine and a blunt instrument the adhesions were removed, with an immediate amelioration of all the reflex symptoms.
In such cases the uterus is commonly so broadly attached by adhesions to the belly-wall that it is opened without getting into the peritoneal cavity.
The longer the fetus is left in, the worse for the mother so far as peritoneal adhesions and danger and difficulty in removing the fetus are concerned.
In operations for pelvic peritonitis it is well to remove also the appendix, because it is nearly always diseased, or it will give trouble from adhesions later and cause a secondary operation.
With erosion of the cartilage and of the tendon at points exactly opposite each other, we have two surfaces come together that are prone to readily unite, and fibrous tissue adhesions often take place between the bone and the tendon.
Adhesions take place, and, under some small strain, are broken down.
To a large extent we judge this to be due to slight adhesions between the two tendons brought about by the growth of inflammatory fibrous tissue.
On recovery, the cheeks sometimes form adhesions with the gums, and cicatrices always mark the loss of substance which such an affection entails.
The stomach was found small, contracted, with many adhesions to the pancreas and liver; it was about 12 centimetres long (4.
So if there are any adhesions they are pretty well stretched by this time.
I expect some adhesions are interfering with my bellows.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "adhesions" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
