The uretersare cylindrical tubes about sixteen inches in length and of diameter of a goose-quill.
The urine is then taken from the kidneys by the ureters and conveyed to the urinary bladder.
In rare cases (Ellipsoglossus, Spengel) the uretersopen directly into the cloaca.
In all the Amniota, there open at first into the common cloaca the alimentary canal dorsally, the allantois ventrally, and the Wolffian and Muellerian ducts and ureters laterally.
The part of the stalk of the allantois below the openings of the ureters narrows to form the urethra, which opens together with the Wolffian and Muellerian ducts into the urinogenital cloaca.
The ureters are lined with a continuation of the mucous membrane, reflected from the bladder upwards, and this lining also extends to the cavities of the kidneys.
The ureters enter the bladder through its posterior and lower wall, at some little distance from each other.
The openings through which theureters enter the bladder are oblique, hence it is much easier for the secretion of the kidneys to pass from the ureters into the bladder than for it to get the other way.
From the bladder, the disease travels up the ureters into the kidneys, and finally Brights disease is established in these organs.
Burge mentions the case of what he calls "sexless child," in which there was an imperforate anus and no pubic arch; the ureters discharged upon a tumor the size of a teacup extending from the umbilicus to the pubes.
The ureterssometimes have anomalous terminations either in the rectum, vagina, or directly in the urethra.
Coeyne mentions duplication of the ureterson both sides.
The escape from the bladder and through the ureters may be obstructed by compression, as already mentioned.
The ureters and bladder sometimes present ecchymotic spots, and the contained urine is mingled with blood.
The experiment of tying the ureters of fowls is an old one.
Openings of ureters in Wolffian duct in the female (fig.
Section through the ureters of the same embryo as fig.
Opening of theureters into the Wolffian duct of a female Scyllium canicula.
In severe cases the ureters and pelves of the kidneys dilate, and their mucous surfaces also contribute to furnish the discharge, in general slimy, ropy, and tenacious, sometimes puriform.
Sometimes the inflammation extends to the ureters and pelves of the kidneys, causing violent pains in the loins, nausea, occasional vomiting, and colicky affections.
The ureters lose the valvular structure of their vesical terminations, and become dilated; the pelvis and infundibula of the kidneys also enlarge, and all are distended by the accumulating urine.
When this has been made quite clear, then, before the animal urinates, one has to tie a ligature round his penis and then to squeeze the bladder all over; still nothing goes back through the ureters to the kidneys.
Here, then, it becomes obvious that not only in a dead animal, but in one which is still living, the uretersare prevented from receiving back the urine from the bladder.
We were, therefore, further compelled to show them in a still living animal, the urine plainly running out through the ureters into the bladder; even thus we hardly hoped to check their nonsensical talk.
These observations having been made, one now loosens the ligature from the animal's penis and allows him to urinate, then again ligatures one of the ureters and leaves the other to discharge into the bladder.
Kratzenstein put ligatures on the ureters of a dog, and then emptied the bladder by a catheter; yet in a little time the dog drank greedily, and made a quantity of water, (Disputat.
The Risks to the Ureters when performing Hysterectomy, &c.
One or both ureters have been included in the ligatures applied to the uterine arteries.
The injuries to which the ureters are liable in the course of hysterectomy are as follows:-- 1.
The ureters have proved a fertile source of trouble because they are deliberately exposed in the course of the operation, and they are sometimes accidentally divided.
Ureters exposed in the course of ‘radical’ operations for cancer of the neck of the uterus often slough.
The most dangerous injury to the ureters occurs in the course of a subtotal hysterectomy, especially if it is not recognized at the time of the operation.
One or both ureters have been compressed by clamps applied to restrain bleeding in the course of vaginal hysterectomy, and subsequently sloughed.
The risks of the operation are peritonitis and wounding of one or both ureters or the bladder wall.
One or bothureters have been cut or completely divided with scissors, or knife, in removal of the uterus.
Lutaud significantly points out that we know little of the subsequent fate of ureters which have been engrafted into the bladder.
In this case the protruding bladder contains urine; this can never be the case in a real eversion, in which the inner surface of the bladder and the openings of the ureters are both exposed outside the vulva.
The kidneys are distinct and symmetrical; their uretersusually unite into a large urinary cyst.
In many animals the ureters open directly into the cloaca, as in many Fishes, Reptiles.
In the Frog the ureters do not join together but open separately into the cloaca.
The ureters open separately into the cloaca in the female.
The ureters which run along the outside of the kidneys and unite posteriorly to form a single duct opening into the cloaca.
In all mammals except the Monotremes they discharge their product through the paired ureters into a bladder, whence the urine passes from the body by a single median urethra.
The kidneys open internally through a pair of reno-pericardial openings into the pericardium, while the ureters communicate with the mantle-cavity by an opening on the side of the body beneath the gills as already mentioned.
There is no spiny apophysis to the first vertebrae of the neck; the kidnies are rounder than in the human species, and the ureters have a different figure, as well as the bladder and gall-bladder, which are much longer and narrower.
It is nevertheless singular that though he remarks particularly that the renal branches of the aorta go to the substance and not the pelvis (koilia) of the kidney, he appears to mistake the ureters for branches of the aorta.
The ureters are dilated, in consequence of the regurgitation of the contents of the bladder during the retention which existed .
In all cases of retention of urine from permanent obstruction of the urethra, the ureters are generally found more or less dilated.
Treatment is unsatisfactory, as it is only the small calculi that can pass through the ureters and escape into the bladder.
If both the ureters are similarly blocked, the animal will die of uremic poisoning.
As stated above both the Wolffian duct and the ureters fall into an unpaired urinogenital cloaca.
By stage O all the ureters have become prolonged up to the cloacal end of the Wolffian duct, so that the anterior one has a length equal to that of the whole kidney proper.
The ureters fall into the common urinogenital cloaca, immediately behind the opening of the Wolffian duct (so far as could be determined), by four apertures on each side.
This is seen already to have occurred in most of the posterior ureters in Pl.
Professor Semper states that all the uretersin the female unite into a single duct before opening into the Wolffian duct.
In female embryos more than four ureters are not usually to be seen in a single section.
Sections may however be met with which appear to shew that in some instances the ureters still continue to open into the Wolffian duct, but these I find to be rare and inconclusive, and am inclined to regard them as abnormalities.
In a female I counted eleven ureters opening into the Wolffian duct by seven distinct openings.
The prolongation of the lumen of the ureterstakes place in a somewhat peculiar fashion.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "ureters" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
