So, it has seemed to me that the deposit of urates in and around a joint is no proof of their excess in the blood.
I often compared these deposits ofurates in the joints with the deposits of lime salts so often found at autopsies in caseous glands or small necrotic areas.
It is true that uric acid in the form of urates is found in the blood in varying quantities, but there is no proof that it does any harm there.
The deposit of uric acid in the form of urates in the gouty joint has always been a strong argument for the theory that gout, at least, is due to an excess of uric acid (urates) in the blood.
In typical gout, with the deposits of urates in the joints and cartilages, the diagnosis may be easy.
White rings or cloudiness in the urine above the zone of contact may result from excess of urates or mucus.
Under the microscope the sediment is seen to consist of numerous colorless granules, distinguished from amorphous urates by their color, their solubility in acetic acid, and the reaction of the urine.
These are chiefly urates of {106} sodium and potassium which are thrown out of solution as a yellow or red "brick-dust" deposit.
It is possible--as in urate infarcts of infants--for urates to be molded into cylindric bodies within the renal tubules.
Masses of amorphous urates or phosphates or very small crystals (Fig.
Centrifugalize thoroughly, after dissolving any sediment ofurates or phosphates by gentle heat or acetic acid.
A deposit of amorphous urates is very common in concentrated and strongly acid urines, especially in cold weather, and has no clinical significance.
In some concentrated urines a belt of urateswill appear at the line of demarkation; but these dissolve on warming.
GOUT, the name rather vaguely given, in medicine, to a constitutional disorder which manifests itself by inflammation of the joints, with sometimes deposition of urates of soda, and also by morbid changes in various important organs.
The accumulation of urates may result in the formation of visible nodular swellings, varying in size from a pea to a cherry, attached to the tendon and moving with it.
The deposit of urates in the synovial membrane is attended with effusion into the joint and the formation of adhesions, while in the ligaments and peri-articular structures it leads to the formation of scar tissue.
It is a remarkable fact that the waste nitrogen should be excreted in the form of uric acid or urates from such widely differing classes of animals as birds and serpents.
Urates have been injected in large amounts into the bodies of animals as well as administered in their food with no toxic result whatever, or more than purely local irritation.
The symptoms of gout point to the presence of a toxin in the blood, and it is this which produces the lesions; the deposition of urates in the joints being secondary.
Uric acid is a transparent colourless crystalline body almost insoluble in water but soluble as urates in the presence of alkalies.
When the urates are in excess they form a heavy pinkish deposit of a flocculent nature within from five to thirty minutes after the urine has been passed--that is, after it has been passed sufficiently long to cool.
Excess of urates has now been definitely traced, in the majority of instances, to functional torpidity of the liver.
Sometimes a partial reduction occurs when urates are in excess, but once having seen the real reduction, a partial one cannot mislead the examiner.
Salt has a tendency to bring about a deposit of sodium urates in the body, and for this reason should be sparingly used in the preparation of the diet.
Deposits of urates were very common in the urine of the paroxysms and of the crisis.
The urine is high-colored, and in robust children during the first days of scarlet fever it frequently depositsurates on cooling.
Gouty fingers have their joints not only swollen, but distorted by deposits ofurates and carbonates.
Copious deposits of urates may occur at any time in the course of the disease.
These principles are the prevention of the further accumulation of the urates in the blood and the promotion of their oxidation and elimination.
Dickinson inclines to the view of Garrod, and believes that it is the deposition of the urates in the interstitial tissue which gives rise to the chronic inflammation which results in cirrhosis of the kidney--the granular kidney of gout.
On standing, the urine may deposit uric acid and the urates copiously, or the acid may be seen to form a cloud which slowly subsides.
The traces of sugar and the excess of urates rapidly disappear when the {975} starches, sugar, and fats are withdrawn from the diet.
He obtained in this way typical deposits of urates in the joints, tendons, muscular sheaths, heart, and other organs, while the birds emaciated and finally died.
The urine is rather scanty, high-colored because of the presence of bile-pigments, and deposits urates abundantly.
Footnote 12: In testing for sugar, when the urine contains the urates in such abundance there is danger of error.
An excess of the amorphous urates in urine, like the presence of pus and phosphates, is indicated by the bulky precipitate more or less diffused throughout the vessel containing the urine.
In both cases the urates are associated with uric acid (resulting from their partial decomposition), represented by the small spiked crystals protruding from the spheres in the form of needle-shaped crystals.
But by far the most abundant kind of urates met with in abnormal urine is that known as amorphous urates, which constitute the most common variety of urinary deposits.
Urea, albumin, and the urates do not interfere with this reaction.
According to Bence Jones the soluble urates met with in healthy urine consist of uric acid, potassium, ammonium, and sodium.
In abnormal urine the urates of ammonium and sodium sometimes occur, the latter, which are the more general, presenting under the microscope the appearance shown below.
Heintz states that they are a mixture of urate of sodium with small quantities of the urates of ammonium, lime, and magnesium.
When amorphous urates are uniformly distributed throughout the urine they give it a milky appearance, which may sometimes lead to its being mistaken for chylous urine, or urine throughout which fatty particles of chyle are diffused.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "urates" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
