Thus we obtain the complications of diphtheria, for example various suppurative and septic conditions.
We shall most easily arrive at an appreciation of the recent developments of the process in England by describing the so called septic tank and cultivation beds.
Some substances kill bacteria, and they are known as germicides; other substances prevent their development and resulting septic action, and these are termed antiseptics.
He, too, insisted on cleanliness as the most important factor in having good surgical results, and all of this group of men, in operating upon septic cases, used stronger wine as a dressing.
The ligature is a most satisfying immediate resource in stopping bleeding from an artery, but a septic ligature inevitably causes suppuration and almost inevitably leads to secondary hemorrhage.
Some time from the fifth to the ninth day a septic ligature came away under conditions such that inflammatory disturbance had prevented sealing of the vessel.
Of course, any such extensive surgical intervention even for serious affections would have been worse than useless under the septic conditions that would surely have prevailed if certain principles of antisepsis were not applied.
In the old days ofseptic surgery secondary hemorrhage was the surgeon's greatest and most dreaded bane.
Some of the amputations die of septic absorption and shock, and you wouldn't wonder if you saw them.
A train of cattle-trucks came in at Rouen with all the wounded as they were picked up without a spot of dressing on any of their wounds, which were septic and full of straw and dirt.
One was an angelic gunner boy with a septic leg and an undaunted smile, except when I dressed his leg and he said "Oh, damn!
When now brought under the microscope, all the septic bacteria appear colored intensely blue, while the tubercle bacilli are absolutely colorless, and can be seen as clearly as in the pure potash lye.
As in all septic processes, the nutrition must be pushed to the full extent to which it can be tolerated by the patient, namely, small amounts of a nutritious, varied diet given at three-hour intervals.
Septic uterine disturbances have long been known to be a source of this disease.
It should be well recognized that prolonged high fever, prolonged insufficient or improper nutrition, prolonged acute pain, and especially prolonged septic processes will always cause myocardial degeneration.
If the process becomes septic, or if there is a serious septic reason for the endocarditis, the outlook is hopeless.
Alcohol has been used in large doses, as it has been so frequently used in all septic processes.
If, without a definite known septic process, malignant endocarditis develops, localized symptoms of heart disturbance and cardiac signs may be very indefinite.
A certain proportion of cardiac diseases in children, especially endocarditis, seems to be due to a general septic infection which results in the so-called septic, infectious or malignant endocarditis.
Septic infections after parturition are prone to cause endocarditis and myocarditis, and a malignant endocarditis may develop from uterine infection or uterine putridity.
Still, if the cause is carefully sought there will generally be found a source of infection, a septic process somewhere, possibly a gonorrhea, a septic tonsil or even a pyorrhea alveolaris.
A slow pulse may occur during convalescence from acute infections, such as typhoid fever and pneumonia, and sometimes after septic processes.
Inflammation surrounding a wound is regarded as caused by the influx and multiplication of leucocytes to engulf and destroy septic bacilli which have gained entrance from the air, a 'local war' of defence.
In the remaining hospitals the mortality of the fever and the septic cases was about the same.
Broadbent, 'alcohol in excess has a similar action on the leucocytes, and this, as well as the deteriorating influence of chronic alcoholism on the tissues, predisposes to septic infection.
Septic pelvic peritonitis may ensue, and the woman may lose her life.
There is but little tendency to carry in portions of clothing or septic material, and the wound heals by first intention, if reasonable precautions be taken.
Wounds of the larynx and trachea are not necessarily or immediately dangerous, but septic pneumonia is very apt to follow.
These cultivations, however, of the septicvibrio require very special precautions and conditions.
Of all the vibrios ready to pass from the intestinal canal into the network of mesenteric veins which surround the canal those which seem to take the foremost place are the septic vibrios.
Pasteur also proposed, by appropriate cultures, to withdraw at pleasure the splenic fever poison or the septic poison, or the two together, at the choice of the Italians.
As regards the proof that this virulence in the blood of the body of an animal which has died of splenic fever is really the effect of the septic vibrio, Pasteur, assisted by Joubert and a new assistant, M.
And, to mention in passing a very ingenious experiment of Pasteur's, we thus obtain a means of separating by culture the bacillus of splenic fever from the septic vibrio when they are temporarily associated together.
The septic contagium is the quickest in its action; it generally causes death before the splenic fever has had time to develop itself and to produce appreciable effects.
The others diffuse themselves more or less slowly in the blood, but the septic vibrio takes almost immediate possession of the dead body.
The filaments of bacteria and the filaments of septic vibrios had perished under the influence of the compressed oxygen; but the spores were there, and the great pressure of oxygen gas had not affected them.
The septic anaerobic vibrio, on the contrary, finds itself after death in the most favourable conditions for its life and development.
In contact with air the cultivations of septic vibrios would prove sterile, because the vibrio is exclusively anaerobic and air kills it.
Septic infection often follows acute salpingitis and may give rise to pelvic peritonitis (perimetritis), which may be adhesive, serous or purulent.
Salpingitis (inflammation of the oviducts) is nearly always secondary toseptic infection of the genital tract.
When a special poison has entered the wound at the time of its infliction or at some subsequent date, it is necessary to provide against septic conditions of the wound itself and blood-poisoning of the general circulation.
Acute inflammations (oophorites) are constantly associated with salpingitis or other septic conditions of the genital tract or with an attack of mumps.
Chronic endometritis may be the sequela of the acute form, or may be septic in origin, or the result of chronic congestion, acute retroflection or subinvolution following delivery or abortion.
Acute septic salpingitis is ushered in by a rigor, the temperature rising to 103 deg.
The general causes are septicchanges following abortion, delivery at term (especially instrumental delivery), following operations on the uterus or salpingitis.
The chief causes are septic endometritis following labour or abortion, gangrene of a myoma, gonorrhoea, tuberculosis and cancer of the uterus; it sometimes follows the specific fevers.
The disease may spread up the genital passages, causing endometritis, salpingitis and septic peritonitis, or may extend into the bladder, causing cystitis.
The ligature is a most satisfying immediate resource in stopping bleeding from an artery, but a septic ligature inevitably causes suppuration, and almost inevitably leads to secondary haemorrhage.
In the old days of septic surgery, secondary haemorrhage was the surgeon's greatest and most dreaded bane.
Moreover the compound has anti-septic properties distinct from those of the acid, due to one of the other elements thereof, and is tasteless.
Of all the anti-septic agents used for the purposes mentioned boracic acid is the favorite, and salicylic acid next in choice.
Various other anti-septic agents are used and combined in different ways, according to the results of experiments.
This wound, from the first considered hopeless, became septic during the four days' travelling in an ambulance wagon that was necessary, and the man died at the end of fourteen days.
Intermediate amputations were indicated in cases ofseptic infection and those of hæmorrhage; they seldom did well, and should be avoided if possible.
Tracheitis and septic pneumonia developed, and the man died of acute septicæmia thirty-six hours later.
Beyond this, the first dressing materials, removed from a soiled tunic by possibly a comrade or a stretcher-bearer, are scarcely above reproach of the probability of containing septic organisms themselves.
An attack of secondary hæmorrhage a few days later, combined with the degree of septic infection, ended the man's life.
Cases brought into the Field, or even the Stationary hospitals, with symptoms of moderate severity, or even of an insignificant character, in which evidence of septic peritonitis suddenly developed and death ensued.
While the occurrence of deep suppuration or septic phlegmon was rare, local suppuration of the apertures of entry and exit was seen in a considerable proportion of the wounds.
In septic cases, on the other hand, it is usually far better if possible to amputate, unless the general state of the patient and the local conditions are especially favourable.
In connection with this subject I may quote from Colonel Stevenson[12] an observation that limbs the subject of marked local shock are especially liable to furnish septic discharges.
When the operation could be tided over until the septic process had settled down and localised itself, secondary amputation gave very fair results.
My only excuse was that the patient at the time I saw him was in a very collapsed state, and a severe grade of abdominal distension suggested that septicperitonitis was already in an advanced stage.
The progress of the case was unsatisfactory, as the wound became infected, and the man eventually died on the 14th day of general septicæmia, but with little evidence of local extension of septic inflammation.
In case the septic tank is to be used alone, the effluent should be conducted to a stream for final disposal.
The word septic means putrifying, and when applied to sewage disposal it furnishes a convenient term but has nothing to do with purification.
The septic tank furnishes only the first stage of the purifying process, and although its effluent may be clear and possess little odor, it is nevertheless unpurified.
In places where the use of the septic tank alone is not possible, it sometimes happens that the natural conditions are such as will permit the effluent to be drained directly into the soil.
With a plant composed of a septic tank and anaerobic filter, sewage is rendered almost free from odor and the effluent will not undergo further putrescence when collected in pools.
It should be kept in mind that, as commonly used, the chief office of the septic tank is to do away with the things that offend the senses, and not to make an effluent that might serve as drinking water.
This plant is made up of two separate tanks, the first acting as a septic tank, while the second tank is a settling chamber.
A septic tank must be built to accommodate a certain number of people and of sufficient size to take care of the entering sewage.
Septic tank with a settling basin and windmill pump.
The septic tank will require cleaning, probably once a year.
If the effluent can be run into a stream of sufficient volume, the septic tank alone will probably answer the purpose.
The effluent from the septic tank enters the anaerobic filter in a chamber, that is separated from the main tank by a wooden grating against which rests the filter material.
In some cases a perinephritic abscess results from a septic plug in a blood-vessel of the kidney, or it may occur as the result of an injury to the loose cellular tissue surrounding the kidney, without lesion of the kidney.
It is seen in cases of extreme weakness and wasting, sometimes in septic conditions, as in puerperal pyaemia, where a clot, formed first in one of the pelvic veins, may spread up the vena cava and secondarily block the renal veins.
In other cases, the plug is infective owing to the presence of septic micro-organisms, and this is likely to lead to the formation of small pyaemic abscesses.
Opinions differ regarding it, some considering it of septic origin, while others believe it to be nothing but pemphigus foliaceus.
The head of the fetus could be felt through the abdomen; an incision was made through the parietes; a fully developed female child was delivered, but, unfortunately, the mother died of septic infection.
Slee mentions a case in which, after the death of a man from septic peritonitis following a bullet-wound of the intestines, he found postmortem a knife-blade 5/16 inch in width projecting into the brain to the depth of one inch.
Bateman describes the death of one of the twins and its excision from the other, who died subsequently, evidently of septic infection.
When one stops to consider, the septic tank is a remarkably simple and effective means of being rid of household wastes odorlessly and without contamination.
The action that goes on within a septic tank will only dissolve paper of tissue grade.
Also, strong doses of germ-killing solutions poured daily down sink-drains and toilets can put the hardiest septic tank out of action.
It can be accomplished by a septictank or a tight cesspool.
In other words, a line of land tile like the fields of the septic tank.
The latter with its two chambers is really a variety of the septic tank itself.
According to Bucholz, thymol possesses ten times the septic power of carbolic acid, over which it also has the advantage of being non-poisonous, and of giving off an agreeable odour.
Septicæmia, which has just been cited as an instance of septic poisoning, is generally due to wound infection.
Now the whole scene has shifted; we know that the fever is essentially a blood poison, a septic infection of the patient, precisely similar to a wound infection anywhere else on the body.
This is more so in a married woman, who is exposed to the carelessness of her male consort, who has not been apprised of the dangers of septic infection, that may be innocently communicated to the wife by negligence of his own person.
Suppuration may develop slowly and lead to an abscess; this may open or break into the peritoneal cavity, causing general septic peritonitis, which will cause death in a few hours or days.
The nature of the inflammatory material may be purulent from the beginning, because its origin was of an infectious or septic nature.
It occurs very often as a part of the general inflammation produced by the absorption of putrid or septic matter during the childbed period.
In these cases there is danger of general septic infection or septicæmia, and of a spreading of the cellular inflammation to the general peritoneal membrane, which would prove, quite likely, fatal.
Putrid orseptic poison may be absorbed by wounds as well as by mucous surfaces.
The boy has an attack of acute septic inflammation of his appendix.
Obviously, these attacks are very different from those of the acute septic form of the disease described above, though there is no telling that one of them may not develop into the acute form.
It appears to be true that a few accidents of this kind have occurred, just as a few arms have becomeseptic or had erysipelas develop in them.
The same condition will be found in profound intoxication from septic poisons.
If the patient is of strong physique and God smiles, he may not have septic fever.
Unless great care is exercised the man will die, either shortly from septic poisoning, or almost immediately from shock.
It may occur as a sequel either of cutaneous or of sub-horny quittor, and may result either from actual wounding and infection of the cartilage, or from an attack on it of septic matter originating elsewhere.
This condition is brought about by the spread into the loose tissue of the coronary cushion of the septic material introduced by the tread.
Neither must it be forgotten that wounds in these situations, more particularly at the toe, are extremely liable, especially with the existing poisoned state of the blood-current, to take on a septic character.
In a mild case, uncomplicated by septic infection, these symptoms rapidly subside, and resolution occurs.
This, unless met with surgical interference, is sufficient to maintain the wound in a septic condition; it takes on a fistulous character, and a quittor is formed.
Briefly we may put it, that under the action of an irritant, either actual injury, chemical action, or septic infection, the healthy tissues around react in order to effect repair of the parts destroyed.
When, therefore, during an attack of septic metritis a condition of laminitis supervenes, we are justified in attributing it to the escape of septic matter from the already infected uterus.
Neither can it be advocated in the laminitis occurring as a sequel to septic metritis or to pneumonia.
In this manner the formation of septic material is often checked, and nothing but the treatment of a simple wound demands attention.
Profound constitutional disturbance, usually of a septic character, precedes and accompanies the disease; in almost every instance a fatal termination sooner or later results.
The exudation may be fibrinous or purulent; the latter only as a result of injuries by which foreign bodies or septic matter are introduced into the eye or in metastatic choroiditis.
For instance, the actual cautery is employed only in the case of the deeper septic or malignant ulcers, in which the destruction of tissue is already considerable and tending to spread further.
The dressing stations were also kept busy by men troubled with septic sores.
His general health is excellent; nothing septic has intervened; it is simply a question of a little time.
But with luck and no septic trouble, hell be back in a month or so.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "septic" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
