In the perception of an object and in the representation of it, introspective analysis discovers a number of presentative elements.
Normally, sensory vividness attaches only to those presentative elements which are excited through stimulations of the sense-organs.
The normal percept, then, owes its character of sensory reality to the fact that a certain number of its presentative elements are sensations peripherally excited by impressions made upon a sense-organ.
Advowsons are further distinguished into presentative and collative.
In a presentative advowson, the patron presents a clergyman to the bishop, with the petition that he be instituted into the vacant living.
He maintains that Dharmakîrtti held that the content of the presentative element at the moment of perception was almost totally empty.
The affirmative process occurring at the succeeding moments is determined by the presentative element of the first moment (pratyak.sabalotpanna N.
We may distinguish the following four stages in the rising scale of presentative function: I.
Thus are produced new general presentative images, and these suffice to interpret the facts perceived and satisfy "reason's feeling of causality.
The stimulus is first conducted from the sensitive cell to this intermediate presentative or psychic cell, and then issued from this to the motor muscular cell as a mandate of movement.
That the soul of language as an instrument of thought consists in this non-presentative element, so often lacking, is conclusively shown in the facts of speech diseases.
Direct insight into powers is nowhere required for undertaking work: what is required for that purpose is only direct presentative knowledge of the things endowed with power, while of power itself it suffices to have some kind of knowledge.
Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative parsonage.
In every act of volition I am fully conscious that it is in my power to form a resolution or to refrain from it, to determine on this course of action or that; and this constitutes the immediate presentative knowledge of power.
I had on looking at the sun, or that presentative knowledge of resistance and extension, and of an extended, resisting substance, I had when in contact with the door of my study?
As above hinted, however, such beliefs result from a confused apprehension of the general truth that the more compound and representative feelings are, on the average, of higher authority than the simple and presentative feelings.
It is clear that these expectations or anticipations belong partly to the presentative or constructive order, and partly to the reconstructive or representative order.
Owing to this fact, any ordinary act of perception is said to contain both presentative and representative elements.
In the above example, for instance, the colour would be spoken of as a presentative element, because it is immediately presented to the mind in sensuous terms, or through the senses.
The nature of the presentative power may be better understood by observing closely the different steps of the process.
Of the cognitive powers of the mind, the first to be noticed, according to the analysis and distribution already given, is the Presentative Power--the power of cognizing external objects through the senses.
We must, of course, all allow that the fusion of the presentative and the representative element is, speaking generally, more complete in the case of sense-perception than in that here considered.
Besides the perception of external objects, and the inspection of our internal mental states, there are other forms of quasi-presentative cognition which need to be touched on here, inasmuch as they are sometimes erroneous and illusory.
But by common consent, a percept implies a presentativeapprehension of an object now present to sense.
In other words, individual peculiarities of intellectual conformation, emotional temperament, and experience have a far wider scope for their influence in these beliefs than they have in the case of presentative cognitions.
This appears to involve an intensification of the mental image, transforming it from a representative to a presentative mental state, making it approximate somewhat to the full intensity of the sensation.
Conspicuous among these quasi-presentative emotional cognitions is æsthetic intuition, that is to say, the perception of an object as beautiful.
The relatively perfect certainty which finally attaches to the presentative side of sense-perception is precisely that which finally attaches to the results of introspection.
The latter would be a simple presentative error, the former a compound representative error.
What we are accustomed to call a purely presentative cognition is, in truth, partly representative.
Thus far we have been dealing with Presentative Illusions, that is to say, with the errors incident to the process of what may roughly be called presentative cognition.
In maintaining that we have a rational intuition of God, we by no means imply that a presentative intuition of God is impossible.
The presentative intuition, however, cannot be affirmed to be common to all men.
Men's experiences of face-to-face apprehension of God, in danger and guilt, give some reason to believe that a presentative knowledge of God is the normal condition of humanity.
Without the rational intuition, the presentative would not be possible, since it is only the rational that enables man to receive and to interpret the presentative.
We grant that, even in the case of unregenerate men, great peril, great joy, great sin often turn the rational intuition of God into a presentative intuition.
Thirdly, comes the personal and presentative knowledge derived from actual reconciliation and intercourse with God, through Christ and the Holy Spirit.
Such a presentative intuition was perhaps characteristic of unfallen man; it does belong at times to the Christian; it will be the blessing of heaven (Mat.
But, as this presentativeintuition of God is not in our present state universal, we here claim only that all men have a rational intuition of God.
There is, however, still a legitimate field for purely presentative instruction in the earlier grades of the elementary school, especially in literature and in the beginnings of history.
With regard to synthetic instruction, we assume at the outset that it will be supported during the whole course of training by the merely presentative and the analytic methods of teaching, wherever these are in place.
The foregoing paragraphs on presentative instruction may seem strange to the American teacher.
Every aspect of instruction may be supplemented and illumined by instruction given in the purely presentative form of narration.
I need only record one example to illustrate this main and most obvious group of presentative dreams.
All writers on dreaming have brought forward presentative dreams, and there can be no doubt that impressions received during sleep from any of the external senses may serve as a basis for dreams.
Treating knowledge as a presentative relation between the knower and object makes it necessary to regard the mechanism of presentation as constituting the act of knowing.
Whether this transcript is presentative in character (as realists say) or whether it is by means of states of consciousness which represent things (as subjectivists say), is a matter of great importance in its own context.
Again, while Mansel uses the words Presentative and Representative to express our distinction, a more common usage is to call actual Perception Presentative Knowledge, and ideation or recollection in idea Representative.
The problem is especially acute for a presentative realism because idealism has made precisely this ubiquity of relationship its axiom, its short-cut.
The physical explanation holds of them as long as they are regarded simply as natural events--a doctrine I shall call naive realism; it does not hold of them considered as cases of knowledge--the view I call presentative realism.
It is precisely this shift which leads the presentative realist to substitute for irreducibility and unambiguity of logical function (use in inference) physical and metaphysical isolation and elementariness.
I do not adduce these considerations as showing that the case is hopeless for the presentative realist;[61] I am willing to concede he can find a satisfactory way out.
He might say that while the seen light is a case of knowledge or presentative awareness, it is not a case of knowledge of the star, but simply of the seen light, just as it is.
In concluding my article, I ought to refer, in order to guard against misapprehension, to a reply that the presentativerealist might make to my objection.
This, then, is the situation of the presentative realist: If perception is knowledge of its cause, it stands in unfavorable contrast with another indirect mode of knowledge; its object is less valid than the object of inference.
And this misconception is, I repeat, just the defect from which an analytic presentative realism suffers.
Dewey favors the naive standpoint, and affirms that presentative realism is tainted by an epistemological subjectivism.
The presentative realist, Dewey continues, finds himself possessed of two kinds of knowledge, when he comes to take account of inference; for inference is "in the field as an obvious and undisputed case of knowledge.
In opposition to presentative realism, Dewey offers his 'naturalistic' interpretation of knowledge.
Strictly, therefore, we ought perhaps to call Literature neither a Presentative nor a Representative, but an Evocative art.
Instead, therefore, of using the words Creative and Imitative—now that we know what we mean by them—we shall contrast those arts which are directly Presentative with those which are Representative.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "presentative" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
