Griesinger estimated thatlaryngeal ulcers were present in one-fifth of the fatal cases.
Of course these cases are exceptions; as a rule, laryngeal and tracheal diphtheria result from a descent of the disease from the fauces.
They were formerly supposed to be the result of typhoid infiltration of the laryngeal glands, but careful investigation has shown that they are the consequence of diphtheritic inflammation of the mucous membranes.
Its internal administration in bronchial and tracheo-laryngeal catarrh is so old that it has several times been obsolete.
Croup is known (whether sporadic or in the form of laryngeal diphtheria) by the barking cough of the early stage and its whistling character toward the fatal end.
Some cases of laryngeal diphtheria have been traced directly to the presence of suppurating bronchial glands, with or without perforation.
It may attack any of the usual oral, nasal, or laryngeal regions, sometimes extending into the bronchi, but suffers no modifications in its symptoms and course from the primary disease.
Charles Fauvel first recognized the virtues of Coca in the tingling of follicular angina and the laryngeal pains of tuberculous subjects.
This eminent specialist has made use of it for the past twenty-six years with unvarying success in all affections of the laryngeal mucous membrane, the air passages, and the vocal organs.
The larva of Rhinoderma Darwinii is stated by Jiminez de la Espada to be without external gills, and it appears to be hatched while still in the laryngealpouch of the male.
Rhinoderma Darwinii[47] behaves like some of the Siluroid fishes, in that the male carries the eggs during their development in an enormously developed laryngeal pouch.
The co-existence of goitre and functional spasm of the neck suggested to Pauly[204] that pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve might occasion a reflex spasm via the muscular branch of the spinal accessory.
It can scarcely be maintained that these laryngeal noises are tics, since their production is coincident with the exercise of the faculty of speech; hence they are not unlike "functional cramps.
At this stage, too, expiratory laryngeal noises are occasionally superadded.
Noguès and Sirol[114] have reported the case of a woman with a pharyngo-laryngeal derangement resembling vomiting, except as far as the actual ejection of alimentary matters was concerned.
In stricture due to organic disease there may be dysphonia from pressure or injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve producing paralysis of the vocal band.
I am inclined to think that the first is the more common, as if it were otherwise cases of death from oedema glottidis or other forms of laryngeal obstruction would be oftener met with.
These were nystagmus, paresis of facial muscles, laryngeal spasms, etc.
If the recurrent laryngeal nerve be compressed, there will be dysphonia or aphonia.
It is sometimes important to distinguish this habit from the cough of laryngeal or bronchial irritation.
Bronchial catarrh, giving rise to cough, and sometimes to considerable embarrassment of respiration, is a not infrequent complication of laryngeal syphilis.
Transitory hæmorrhage and signs of oedema were the only signs referable to the wound, but in addition the bullet contused the left vagus and gave rise to temporary laryngeal paralysis.
In the two cases of high vagus injury the laryngeal paralysis steadily improved, and at the end of six months was apparently well; in the two others it persisted at the end of three months and a year respectively.
The only obvious symptoms occurring, however, were laryngeal paralysis and acceleration of the pulse.
The hoarseness of voice due to leftlaryngeal paralysis slowly improved, and was probably the effect of concussion or contusion of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
In these I was inclined at first to attribute the rapid and irritable character of the pulse solely to injury to the vagus, as in each laryngeal paralysis pointed to concussion or contusion of the nerve.
On the second day swelling of the neck due to early cellulitis developed, especially on the left side, and signs of laryngeal obstruction became prominent.
The voice of the adult male gorilla is tremendous, and he is furnished with a laryngeal sack, as is the adult male orang.
Inferior laryngeal muscles four on each side, but very small.
Morphine: mixed with bismuth or starch as insufflation; most useful when much irritation, as in laryngeal phthisis.
Morphine, with Starch or Bismuth: locally to larynx, and in laryngeal phthisis most useful.
Vagus nerve lying external to sympathetic nerve, and giving off t its laryngeal branch.
Right subclavian artery crossed by right vagus nerve, whose inferior laryngeal branch loops under the vessel.
The ossified condition of the thyroid and cricoid parts of the laryngeal apparatus affords a protection to the vessels.
Convulsive action of the pharyngeal muscles, as a complication of pharyngeal or laryngeal neuralgia, occasionally occurs to such an extent as to render deglutition difficult or impossible for the time.
The patient is directed to breathe through the nose, the tongue is depressed with a spatula, and a small-sized laryngeal mirror, comfortably warmed and with its reflecting surface turned upwards, is introduced behind the soft palate.
The trachea may be lacerated, or even completely torn from the larynx, by the same forms of injury as produce fracture of the laryngeal cartilages.
Laryngeal cough of a croupy or barking character may be present, and is usually associated with a lesion of the posterior wall or inter-arytenoid fold.
Among the rarer conditions attributed to adenoids are asthma, inspiratory laryngeal stridor, persistent cough, chorea, and nocturnal enuresis.
One of the best anæsthetic applications is orthoform powder, introduced by means of the ordinary laryngeal insufflator.
For this purpose the examiner requires a laryngeal reflector with forehead attachment, one or two sizes of laryngeal mirror, a tongue cloth, and the means of obtaining good illumination.
Hæmoptysis is seldom of laryngeal origin, and unless the bleeding spot is visible in the mirror, the source of the bleeding is much more likely to be in the bronchi or lungs.
The laryngeal branches of the vagus may be divided and paralysis of the larynx ensue.
Injection of the superior laryngeal nerve with a 60 per cent.
The cervical glands are infected early, sometimes even before there are any symptoms of laryngeal disease.
The treatment consists in removing the growth by means of laryngeal forceps or the snare, under cocain and adrenalin anæsthesia.
This may very possibly, as happened in one case to the author, give rise to suffocative paroxysms from its pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerves.
The superior laryngealnerve which lies behind the vessel must be avoided.
Surely, if it does nothing else, the serum saves at least double the number of cases of laryngeal diphtheria that has been saved by any other method of treatment.
In the cases in which laryngeal symptoms are so severe as to necessitate tracheotomy, the saving of life by the use of antitoxin is very marked, the mortality being reduced one-half, to 36.
The laryngeal cases have a percentage mortality of 23.
Comparative Mortality of Laryngeal Cases at all Hospitals, except the Fountain.
The still more remarkable reduction in the mortality of the laryngeal cases.
But even these figures do not adequately express the benefit of antitoxin in laryngeal cases.
Witness the fact that over one-half the laryngeal cases did not require operation at all.
Comparative Number of Laryngeal Cases which required Tracheotomy at all Hospitals, except the Fountain.
During the latter part of the dissection, the laryngeal nerves and thyroid arteries must be looked for and avoided.
In other instances, the difficult breathing recurs soon after withdrawal of the tube, the morbid state of the laryngeal mucous membrane having not been wholly removed.
Complete paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may also occur, but is nearly always confined to one side’ (C.
The laryngeal cartilages are difficult to distinguish, but a mass composed of the thyreoid and cricoid cartilages can always be felt, and its position determined by careful inspection.
There can be little doubt that direct laryngoscopy has a great future before it as a means of determining the nature of doubtful laryngeal conditions.
The superior laryngeal artery is ligatured on each side, and divided, together with the internal laryngeal nerves.
The alæ nasi are dilated, the extra muscles of respiration are called into action, andlaryngeal excursion is seen.
This manipulation is made more difficult by the laryngealimage being reversed in an antero-posterior direction.
Blyth mentions another distinguishing characteristic--it is not only larger than the other Gibbons, but it possesses an inflatable laryngeal sac.
The laryngeal action is hidden; the influence of the resonance cavities cannot well be determined.
Mandl advanced the statement that the laryngeal muscles are too weak to withstand the pressure of a powerful expiratory blast, the theory of the vocal action therein embodied met with immediate acceptance.
While the muscular structure of the vocal organs is thoroughly known, the actions of the laryngeal muscles in tone-production have never been absolutely determined.
Theoretical writers generally do not claim that the control of the breath brings about the correct laryngeal action, but merely that it permits this action by noninterference.
It must be observed that neither the stroke nor the slide of the glottis can be shown to have any influence in causing the laryngeal muscles to adopt any particular mode of adjustment.
Effects of Muscular Stiffness on the Throat Many of the muscles of the vocal organs, particularly the laryngeal muscles, are extremely small and delicate.
So far as the actions of the laryngeal muscles are concerned, no difference can be defined between the correct vocal action and any improper mode of operation.
With appropriate adjustments of the laryngeal muscles and air pressure this is kept up indefinitely, and a series of puffs from the larynx is produced.
But as no rule has ever been formulated for the mechanical management of the laryngeal action, it necessarily follows that no intelligible directions are ever given to the student for preparing to start the laryngeal action correctly.
It is highly probable that actual contractions of the laryngeal muscles take place, under certain conditions, as an accompaniment to the listening to voices.
For the present purpose the following short summary will suffice: "The difference between correct tone-production and any incorrect vocal action is solely a matter of laryngeal adjustment and vocal cord action.
Breath-control, laryngeal action, registers, and resonance follow usually in this order.
Another example of unconscious laryngeal movements has been investigated by Hansen and Lehmann ("Ueber unwillkuerliches Fluestern," Philos.
The case was one of hysteria, the patient presenting at the time of my examination signs of abductor laryngeal paralysis (laryngological examination disclosed a right-sided abductor palsy) and right-sided partial hemiplegia.
At the end of the nineteenth century a man of about Laennec's age was touched with pity for the sufferings of the poor children whom he saw dying from suffocation because of the ravages of laryngeal diphtheria.
The little patient was a girl of about four years of age, who on the fifth or sixth day of a severe laryngeal diphtheria developed symptoms of laryngeal stenosis, with great dyspnoea.
The laryngeal spring, or speculum, was more successful than the wire, but it had one of the faults of the wire spring.
Notwithstanding its faults, however, the bivalve laryngeal speculum accomplished somewhat of the purpose intended.
There are certain diseases in which deep ulcerations of the vocal cords, and of the laryngeal structures in their neighborhood, are followed by persistent contraction.
To avoid the pressure and ulceration at the base of the epiglottis--a very sensitive and tender portion of the laryngeal tissues--a backward curve was given to the upper portion of the tube.
This brought on a severe fit of coughing, but after a time the tube was tolerated and an attempt was made to feed the patient through it, with the production (as can be readily imagined) of a very severe spasmodic laryngeal attack.
While giving out the high notes the Orang thrusts out his lips into a funnel-shape; but in uttering the low notes he holds his mouth wide open, and at the same time the great throat bag, or laryngeal sac, becomes distended.
The paroxysm begins with a deep inspiration, causing a peculiar laryngeal sound, followed sometimes by the appearance of a little foam on the lips.
A laryngeal catarrh may excite spasmodic croup--a disorder speedily relieved with chloral hydrate.
I tried her voice with the E-scale before using the laryngeal mirror, and to my utter surprise found the medium G sharp missing, while all the rest of her scale was perfect even to the G sharp above.
Moreover, no two persons have their laryngeal muscles arranged in precisely the same manner--a circumstance which of itself goes a considerable way toward explaining the almost infinite variety of human voices.
My written conclusions were verified with the laryngeal mirror.
Often they indicate the existence of a node which is hardly perceptible through the laryngeal mirror.
In the rabbit provided dissect on one side and demonstrate by means of flag-labels the main trunk of the vagus nerve, the phrenic nerve, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
It sends a superiorlaryngeal branch (Xa) to the larynx.
The fact is that the results of laryngoscopic study of the vocal cords have been disappointing and contradictory and investigators have failed to define what correct laryngeal action is.
The advocates of registers lay stress either on the changes inlaryngeal action, or the changes in tone quality.
The purpose of the following chapters is to show that the quality or color of a tone is altogether a matter of resonance, and not a question of laryngeal action.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "laryngeal" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
