This change only occurs when the halogenatom is in the ortho- or para- position to the -N2- group.
Halogen acids convert it into monohalogen fatty acids, and the halogens themselves convert it into dihalogen fatty acids.
The haloid esters of the paraffin alcohols formed by heating the alcohols with the halogen acids are the monohaloid derivatives of the paraffins, and are more conveniently prepared by the action of the phosphorous haloid on the alcohol.
An important nucleus-synthetic reaction is the saponification of nitriles, which may be obtained by the interaction of potassium cyanide with a halogen substitution derivative or a sulphonic acid.
It is to be noted that only traces of the aromatic amines are produced by heating the halogen substituted benzenes with ammonia, unless the amino group be situated in the side chain, as in the case of benzylamine.
We may, in fact, consider that the descriptive study of the various halogen compounds dates from about this time.
The abnormal specific heats of the halogen elements may be due to a loosening of the atoms, a preliminary to the dissociation into monatomic molecules which occurs at high temperatures.
The same absorbent quantitatively takes up any halogen and sulphur which may be present.
Of the halogen compounds of phosphorus, the trichloride was discovered by Gay Lussac and Thenard, while the pentachloride was obtained by Davy.
It is remarkable that the position of the halogen in the molecule has no effect on the heat of formation; for example, chlorpropylene and allylchloride, and also ethylene dichloride and ethylidene dichloride, have equal heats of formation.
Defn: A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides.
Some of its compounds, as the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of light upon them, and are used in photography.
In its properties it shows some analogy to the halogen acids, since it forms difficultly soluble lead, silver and mercurous salts.
A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides.
It conducts itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and shows a tendency to form complex compounds.
When the halogen salts of silver are exposed to light, an extremely subtle chemical change takes place, which is only made apparent when the plate or paper is developed.
In appearance and in other physical properties they resemble one another very closely; they are, therefore, called by the general name "halogen acids.
Compounds of antimony with all the halogen elements are known, one atom of the metal combining with three or five atoms of the halogen, except in the case of bromine, where only the tribromide is known.
It is decomposed by the halogen elements and also by sulphuretted hydrogen.
There is a group of closely allied elements to which the name halogen (salt-producer) has been given.
It is necessary in all such cases to deduct from the total an amount of oxygen equivalent to the halogen found, except, of course, where the base has been determined and recorded as metal.
Then," said Arcot, "it must be the next member of the halogen series, Morey.
Luckily sorlus is the most plentiful of the halogen groups; we have far more of it than of chlorine, bromine or iodine.
The aqueous solution behaves on concentration similarly to the other halogen acids; E.
The general method of their formation consists in dissolving the ordinary halogen salt of the metal in water, and treating it with the requisite amount of free halogen.
The halogen organic compounds react with the aid of heat, but with so much energy that the reaction frequently leads to the ultimate destruction of the organic groups and production of carbon.
The equality of the atomic volumes of the halogens themselves is all the more remarkable because in all the halogen compounds the volume augments with the substitution of fluorine by chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Not only have their hydrates or halogen acids much in common, but they themselves resemble chlorine in many respects,[55] and even the properties of the corresponding metallic compounds of bromine and iodine are very much alike.
Therefore, with a halogen salt, it is easy to obtain gaseous hydrochloric acid by the action of sulphuric acid, but neither hydrobromic nor hydriodic acid can be so obtained in the free state (as gases).
Compounds formed between chlorine and iodine must be classed among the most interesting halogen bodies.
These compounds are evidently nothing else than mixed anhydrides of hypochlorous and hypoiodous acids, or the products of the substitution of hydrogen in RHO by a halogen (see Chapter XI.
Reactions of metalepsis are accompanied by an evolution of heat, but in a less quantity than that evolved in the formation of the resulting quantity of the halogen acids.
The chlorides and other halogen compounds of barium, calcium, copper, &c.
If the halogen element is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, the reaction which takes place is exactly similar to that which takes place with potassium hydroxide.
It combines with the halogen elements with great energy, burning brilliantly in chlorine to form antimony trichloride (SbCl{3}).
The art of photography is based on the fact that the halogencompounds of silver are affected by the light, particularly in the presence of organic matter.
It combines very readily with the halogen elements, powdered bismuth burning readily in chlorine.
Like ammonia it forms salts with the halogen acids.
Action of the halogen elements on potassium hydroxide.
The sulphonic acid group may also be directly introduced either by concentrated, or by fuming sulphuric acid, or by elimination of halogen by the action of sodium or silver sulphite on the halogen derivatives of the aliphatic compounds.
In order to prepare the halogen substitution products, therefore, use is made of sulphonic chlorides.
The determination of the elementary composition of compounds of high molecular weight is greatly facilitated by employing their halogen derivatives; so, for instance, is p iodophenyl maltosazone very suitable.
Halogens do not act directly on water, hence we may not properly speak of halogen substitution products.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "halogen" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
