The alterations in the gland consist in the development of cheesy masses or of miliary granulations in the connective tissue between the acini.
There are seen on a yellowish ground a number of small white granulations like grains of wheat, which a histological examination shows to be formed by an accumulation of embryonic cells in the spaces which separate the hepatic acini.
This condition, which has been compared to granulations upon wounds, is called mammillation.
The granulations of tubercle are never congenital.
Usually no granulationsand no pus are to be seen on the surface of the ulcer.
When the epithelium is detached andgranulations spring up from the basement membrane, adhesions of the surfaces will readily take place, and the union may be so complete as that all traces of the duct will disappear.
Footnote 70: In rare instances granulations may be present, as in a case of W.
In 1 case, in which there was much thickening of the ileum next to the ileo-caecal valve, many small granulations had sprouted up from the submucous connective tissue, so that the mucous surface appeared as if studded with small warts.
As the water boils, the camphor rises with the steam, and attaches itself as a sublimate to the stalks, under the form of granulations of a grey colour.
If large round granulations are formed, the beating is continued, in order to see if they will grow smaller.
This may be readily imagined, since the metal which forms these granulations is what, being less fusible than the pure tin, solidified quickly, and could not flow off into the metallic bath.
On the other hand, a rightly fermented vat is easy to work; the froth, though abundant, vanishes whenever the granulations make their appearance.
While the saponification advances gradually, we shall perceive, after an hour, some fat floating on the surface, like a film of oil, and at the same time the soapy granulations falling to the bottom.
We must then add the second portion of the lye; whereon the granulationsimmediately disappear and the paste is formed.
When the melted copper falls into cold water perpetually renewed, the granulationsare irregular, thin, and ramified; constituting feathered shot.
Whenever the granulations become round, and begin to subside, and the liquor clears up, the beating must be discontinued.
If it be often heated and cooled, the glass loses its ductility, becomes refractory, and exhibits a multitude of stony granulations throughout its substance.
The granulations of bismuth drained from the posterior openings fall upon the flat surfaces m, and then into the water-trough.
The base of the ulcer becomes red and angry-looking, the granulations disappear, and a copious discharge of thin yellow pus, mixed with blood, escapes.
After granulations have formed, skin-grafting is of value in hastening healing.
Before applying the grafts it is usual to scrape away the granulations until the young fibrous tissue underneath is exposed, but, if the granulations are healthy and can be rendered aseptic, the grafts may be placed on them directly.
Where the soft tissues are pressed against the edge of the nail, the skin gives way and there is the formation of exuberant granulations and of discharge which is sometimes fœtid.
Within twelve hours the cells of the rete Malpighii close to the cut edge begin to sprout on to the surface of the wound, and by their proliferation gradually cover the granulations with a thin pink pellicle.
Granulations spring up to fill the gap, and are rapidly covered by epithelium, derived partly from the margins and partly from the remains of skin glands which have not been completely destroyed.
If the incision is made early, this bone may soon be covered by granulations and recover its vitality; but if operation is delayed, it usually undergoes necrosis.
The surface of the ulcer is uneven, pale and flabby, and is covered with a yellowish-grey discharge, with here and there feeble granulations showing through.
Granulations form between the skull and the dura, and on the outer aspect lifting up the pericranium.
Granulations and polypi usually indicate the presence of middle-ear suppuration.
The abscess should be laid open, all tuberculous granulations scraped away, and the sequestrum removed, with the aid of the chisel if it has not already become loose.
The true alveolar tumour is to be diagnosed from a mass of redundant granulations such as may form in relation to a carious tooth, from a polypus or an epithelioma of the gum, a tumour of the body of the jaw, or an angioma.
If fungous granulations appear, they must be removed by touching them with nitrate of silver or blue vitriol.
When evacuating an abscess it is often advisable to scrape away the lining of unhealthy granulations and to wash out the cavity with an antiseptic lotion.
These granulations eventually fill the contracting cavity and obliterate it by forming interstitial scar-tissue.
The granulations which fill the space left by the slough soon begin to contract--nature's effort to fill the gap.
To remove it, an ordinary bandage-scissors is used to cut the dressing, and it peels off without disturbing any of the granulations on the ulcer.
After the granulations are level with the surrounding skin the covering of the ulcer or wound with new epithelium is hastened by the application of some smooth surface along which the epithelium can spread.
The base may be much or slightly depressed, or the granulations may be at a higher level than the surrounding edges.
Exuberant granulations are best treated either with nitrate of silver applications (50 per cent.
After the acute inflammatory symptoms have subsided the granulations must be stimulated, (see Chapter XIX).
Ointments and oils are used in the treatment of wounds and ulcers, either to stimulate granulations or to soften thick epidermis.
The granulations about the margins become large, red, nodular, hard and bleed very readily.
The writer was once applied to by a discharged soldier, suffering from some troublesome granulations at the bottom of the left orbit.
On examining the granulations by a probe, the point came into contact with a hard substance, which further examination showed to be a small projecting point of lead.
Those of the vena portæ spread around the acini, or granulations of the liver; and 4.
To discover these granulations it may be necessary to explore the internal aspect of the lid.
Their starting-point is always some peripheral stimulus, in particular an everyday variety of conjunctivitis characterised by the presence of granulations in the lower part of the sac.
In many cases it is congested or covered with granulations at the site of the infection, and usually it is adherent to the underlying bone.
If all the diseased bone has been removed, smooth healthy granulations will cover the wound.
If granulations be present they should first be removed, in order to give a clear view of the inner wall of the tympanic cavity, which can usually be obtained, owing to the fact that a large perforation of the membrane is probably present.
On performing the complete mastoid operation and curetting away these granulations and polypi, a fistula may be found in the promontory, and carious bone may be felt on probing.
A week or ten days later, as soon as granulations begin to form, skin-grafting may be undertaken (see p.
If the graft has not taken uniformly over the surface of the bone, small patches of granulations may be seen covering these areas.
Provided that the granulations are localized and due to inflammation of the mucous membrane, a good result may be anticipated.
The former method is employed when the granulations are very small and localized; the latter when they are multiple and larger.
In addition it may be necessary to curette out granulations and also to remove the outer wall of the attic.
Granulations or the epithelial lining of cholesteatomata should be removed from the recesses of the tympanic cavity with a small curette.
Granulations very quickly block the aditus and so separate the antrum and mastoid cavity from the tympanic cavity.
Into the larger opening thus made, small curettes are passed upwards and backwards and any granulations in the region of the aditus and entrance to the antrum are curetted away.
The after-treatment of packing or the curetting away of granulations can be carried out more easily through the posterior wound than through the external meatus, as it gives a better view of these regions.
If, however, there be considerable deafness, due to polypi or granulations blocking up the tympanic cavity and auditory canal, the hearing power may be improved by the operation.
The borders of the cells soon become more marked, a proof that their walls undergo a thickening; their protoplasm also becomes denser, and the granulations more distinct.
Further, it shows that the mere contact of a foreign body does not of itself stimulate granulations to suppurate; whereas the presence of decomposing organic matter does.
It began now to discharge pus; granulations sprang up, and it healed.
This simple experiment illustrates the important fact that granulations have no inherent tendency to form pus, but do so only when subjected to preternatural stimulus.
The pyogenic membrane, like the granulations of a sore, which it resembles in nature, forms pus, not from any inherent disposition to do so, but only because it is subjected to some preternatural stimulation.
Should the granulations become very exuberant, then the knife must be called to our aid, and the wound so made afterwards dressed with an astringent.
Should the mouth of a fistula become occluded with the granulations filling it, and the discharge prevented from escaping, it soon happens that we have close to the fistula that has closed a tender fluctuating swelling.
Further, it is important, especially with regard to the question of the degree of pain and lameness likely to be caused, to note that often granulations are thrown out upon the looser folds of the membrane.
As time goes on the granulationsbecome hard and horny-looking, and their fibrous tissue as hard and unyielding as tendon or cartilage.
From it there is a discharge of pus, black in colour and offensive in smell, and, protruding from the opening, are excessive granulations of the remains of the sensitive sole.
One week after treatment the diseased surface was drier, and granulations were more healthy.
It is usually superficial, has thin, red, undermined edges of a violaceous color, and an irregular base with granulations covered scantily with pus.
In exceptional instances exuberant granulations appear--lupus hypertrophicus; or papillary outgrowths are noted--lupus verrucosus.
As this idea had not occurred to the observer, he had not searched for parasitic microbes amongst the granulations which are always present in the body of an Actinosphærium.
What becomes of these granulations on the destruction and disappearance of the nerve-cell?
It is much to be recommended for good general preparations; =it is indispensable in all cases where the study of the neutrophil granulations is concerned=.
It should be mentioned that according to Barker the eosinophil granulationsappear to contain iron.
A further indication that =the granulationsreally are connected with a specific cell activity lies in the fact, that one cell bears but one specific granulation=.
He then found red granulations almost exclusively, only the granules of the smooth musculature of the stomach were stained intensely blue.
The nuclei and the mast cell granulationsstain deep blue, malaria plasmodia light sky blue, red corpuscles and eosinophil granules a fine red.
Doubtless other granulations have a more complicated constitution, and very often are a mixture of various chemical substances.
The kinds of special granulations so far investigated have the common property, that they stain in acid and neutral dyes respectively; they shew a much smaller affinity for the basic dyes.
And for this reason, I propose to call these granulations =specific=.
The substance of the mast cell granulations is also crystalline in some species of animals.
The contrary assertions that neutrophil and eosinophil, or eosinophil and mast cell granulations occur in the same cell Ehrlich regards as unfounded, from extensive researches specially directed to this point.
Marcus Julius Satyrus’ Dialepidos or Copper collyrium for granulations of the eyelids.
It was believed to be useful in discussing granulations of the eyes (oculorum scabritias extenuat).
In poorly cared for, and badly infected wounds, the part may become badly swollen, the granulations pile up and the wound refuse to "heal over.
Unhealthy granulations may be kept down by applying caustic occasionally.
It may be advisable in such cases to cut away the excessive granulations and stop the haemorrhage by cauterization with a red-hot iron, or by compression.
In its place are to be found amorphous granulations deprived of all virulence.
Moreover it takes several days for the splenic fever microbe to resolve itself into harmless granulations by the action of gases, other than oxygen, which putrefaction generates.
There the filamentous vibrio dies, and disappears under the form of fine amorphous granulations deprived of virulence.
In the rabic pulp, however, besides the granulations which are found in profusion in the healthy pulp, there seem to exist little grains of extreme minuteness, almost imperceptible even with the strongest microscopes.
On making a direct microscopical examination we see that Koch’s vibrios become immovable, then break up into granulations and disappear in the liquid.
The enveloping membrane seems to dissolve, and the microbe appears as though composed of a series of granulations placed end to end, which finally disperse and disappear.
Granulations and vacuoles appear, and the nucleus becomes diffuse.
In cases in which death has quickly followed the injection of the venom, the protoplasm of the cells is merely cloudy, or granular, and the granulations readily take a stain in their periphery, though the interior remains uncoloured.
As the water boils, the camphor rises with the steam, and attaches itself as a sublimate to the stalks, under the form of granulations of a grey color.
If the skin-wound heals before the fibrous union of the tracheal cartilages is complete, exuberant granulations are apt to form and occlude the trachea, perhaps necessitating a new tracheotomy for dyspnea.
Obstructive granulations should be removed with crushing, not biting forceps.
Granulations may require removal with forceps and sponging.
Caution should be used as to removal of the granulations with which the abscess "cavity" is filled in chronic cases.
If it is a continuation from more extensive extra-esophageal tuberculous ulceration, pale cauliflower granulations may be present.
Aluminum becomes roughened by boiling and contact with secretions, and causes the formation of granulations which in time lead to stenosis.
Disturbed granulations result in bleeding which further hampers the operation; therefore, they should not be touched until ready to apply the forceps, unless it is impossible to study the presentation without disturbing them.
If none exist, thegranulations lining the track should be scraped away with a Volkmann's spoon (Fig.
If the granulations are sluggish, and the discharge is thin and serous, it will be well to apply some stimulating lotion, such as peroxide of hydrogen or a weak solution of copper sulphate (two grains to the ounce).
When the sore is becoming clean, and the granulations are rising freely, pursue the methods recommended in paragraph (110).
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "granulations" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
