On connecting a high voltage to electrodesin each end, an electrical discharge passed through the residual gas making it luminous.
By varying the metals used for electrodes a considerable variety in the radiant energy is possible.
A progressive step was made in 1843 when electrodes were first made by Foucault from the carbon deposited in retorts in which coal was distilled in the production of coal-gas.
In the first arc-lamps plain carbon electrodes were used, but in some of the latest carbon-arcs, electrodes of carbon impregnated with various salts are employed.
By the second, colloidal tungsten was produced by operating an arc between tungsten electrodes under water.
By means of a heating coil, a small arc is started between two electrodes consisting of tungsten, but this as yet has not been shown to be practicable.
The life of the electrodesis about seventy-five hours.
Electrodes of carbon, carbon and iron, and iron have been used when intense ultra-violet rays were desired.
Charcoal was used for the electrodes in all the early experiments, but owing to the intense heat of the arc, it burned away rapidly.
The electrodes are consumed rather rapidly so they are made as long as possible.
Horizontal channels were cut on opposite walls, through which the carbon poles or electrodes were passed into the upper part of the cavity.
The temperature of the electric furnace, whether of the arc or incandescence type, is practically limited to that at which the least easily vaporized material available for electrodes is converted into vapour.
Chaplet has patented a muffle or tube furnace, similar in principle, for use on a larger scale, with a number of electrodes placed above and below the muffle-tube.
Hittorf and many other observers have made experiments to determine the unequal dilution of a solution round the two electrodes when a current passes.
Differences between the two electrodes are thus set up, and, as we have seen above, an electromotive force will therefore exist between them.
For example, in place of the sparks in air the luminous discharge through a rarefied gas has been used by Dragoumis, Lecher (who used tubes withoutelectrodes laid across the wires in an arrangement resembling that shown in fig.
If we connect together in series a single Daniell's cell, a galvanometer, and two platinum electrodes dipping into acidulated water, no visible chemical decomposition ensues.
This consists of an electrolytic cell in which one of the electrodes is an exceedingly fine point.
He also found that, for the same current, the amount of chemical action was independent of the size of the electrodes and proportional to the time that the current flowed.
As stated above, an electromotive force is set up whenever there is a difference of any kind at two electrodes immersed in electrolytes.
It requires a high heat to melt or burn, and is used as electrodes for arc lamps and for battery elements.
The drawing shows two electrodes, separated by a non-conducting material, which is of such a character that it will break down and crumble away, as the ends of the electrodes burn away.
As the current also passes through a resistance coil, the moment the ends of the electrodes are separated too great a distance, the resistance prevents a flow of the normal amount of current, and the armature is compelled to reduce its pull.
The electrolyte must be either acid, or alkaline, or saline, and theelectrodes must be of dissimilar metals, so the electrolyte will attack one of them.
A voltaic arc lamp, using carbon electrodes, with mechanism for feeding the electrodes regularly.
The effect is to cause the twoelectrodes to again approach each other, and in doing so the arc becomes brighter.
When this material is used as the electrodes in water, hydrate of aluminum is formed, or a compound of hydrogen and oxygen with aluminum.
If electrodes of opposite polarity are placed in such an acid solution, a chemical change is produced, which is transformed into electricity.
This device is admirable where the alternating current is used, because the current moves back and forth, and the two electrodesare thus burned away at the same rate of speed.
The earliest form of electric lighting was by means of the arc, in which the light is maintained so long as the electrodes were kept a certain distance apart.
When a current passes throughelectrodes in a solution, a change takes place which is chemical in its character.
When the two electrodes are ferromagnetic, the direction of the current through the liquid is from the unmagnetized to the magnetized electrode, the latter being least attacked; with diamagnetic electrodes the reverse is the case.
A constant discharge of electricity of high tension between the electrodes is effected by means of an induction-coil.
One day I got hold of both electrodes of the coil, and it clinched my hand on them so that I couldn't let go.
He had arranged twenty jars with platinum electrodes held in place by hard rubber.
These electrodes are always in contact with a certain initial pressure, so that current will be always flowing over the circuit.
These suits were brought on the Berliner patent, which, it was claimed, covered broadly the electrical transmission of speech by variations of pressure between opposingelectrodes in constant contact.
The operator there, who was also agent, when asked by me if I could have the electrodes of each cell, made of sheet platinum, gave his permission readily, thinking they were of tin.
These electrodes proceeded from an electro-magnetic apparatus, which was arranged in such a way that every time the current in it was opened or closed, it gave an induction shock and moved a lever at the same instant of time.
By an appropriate arrangement the electrodes passed into the interior of the beaker, and could then be manipulated from the outside, so as to be properly adjusted on the tissue.
To answer the first of these questions, therefore, I built up a staircase in the ordinary way, and then suddenly transferred the electrodes to the opposite side of the umbrella from that on which they rested while constructing the staircase.
While the position of the platinum electrodes and the intensity of the current remained unchanged, single induction shocks were now administered with a key at any intervals which might be desired.
An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current.
To join, as the electrodes of a battery or dynamo or any two points of a circuit, by a conductor of low resistance.
You don't just stick a couple of electrodesinto a solution of electrolyte and consider that your work is done.
There were a couple of thick copper electrodes coming out of the side of it, and he claimed that they could be tapped for tremendous amounts of power.
The North American Carbide & Metals technicians set up the circuits that were connected to the electrodes without any help from Sorensen.
Irritability of bell to shocks increases progressively from centre to circumference, and is greatest when electrodes are placed on marginal canal.
Also a similar progressive increase is observable on approaching one of the radial canals, and is greatest when electrodes are placed on one of these.
The electrodes and crucible are surrounded by materials which fuse with great difficulty, such as magnesium oxide, the walls of the furnace being so shaped as to reflect the heat downwards upon the contents of the crucible.
An electrical current is passed through the carbon and melted sulphur from the electrodes E, heating the charge.
As soon as the current passes, bubbles of gas rise from each of the electrodes and collect in the upper part of the tubes.
In the one type the source of heat is an electric arc formed between carbon electrodesseparated a little from each other, as shown in Fig.
The other electrodes B, several in number, are arranged horizontally at some distance above this.
The electrodes E, each consisting of a bundle of carbon rods, are introduced through the sides of the furnace.
The electrodes are made cupping to hold the minerals and each should have a screw adjustment to press the pieces of quartz in contact with each other.
It is feasible with the electric arc to attain a temperature of about 3,600 degrees centigrade--and even this might be exceeded were it not that carbon, of which the electrodes are composed, volatilizes at that temperature.
Early in the history of electric lighting it became apparent that the proper construction of the carbonelectrodes was a highly important item in the manufacture of a lighting apparatus.
But, for practical purposes, it is sufficiently exact to consider the magnetic circuit as extending only from the positive post around through the conducting cords, the electrodes and the person of the patient to the negative post.
They are made much like a lady's plain nightgown; but large and loose, so as to serve ladies of any size, and give ample room to work the electrodesunder them.
Withdraw the electrodes frequently, to rest the eye, and then reapply them.
When the conducting cords are of equal length, as commonly they should be, each of the two poles or electrodes produces a polar effect in the patient directly the opposite of that produced by the other.
When the cords are of equal length, this point will always be in the person of the patient, about midway between the parts where the two electrodes are applied.
The electrodes should be dampened with warm water.
In all treatments, the electrodes should be moistened with warm water.
Move the two electrodes parallel to each other, upon the patient, about two or three inches apart; and pass them over all the affected surface.
Your Carbon Electrodes ARE the very best now in use, and Metallic Electrodes are objectionable from the metallic influence they impart, even if no metal can be chemically traced into the patient.
Into the mixture two vertical carbonelectrodes project downward through the open top of the cylinder.
The condenser is connected between one of the positive electrodesand a coating of tinfoil outside [Illustration: FIG.
The positive electrodes of the rectifier thus act as check valves, permitting current to pass into the mercury vapor but not allowing it to pass from the vapor to the solid electrodes.
The aluminum alloy electrodes are mounted on an insulated bracket that slides up and down on a ΒΌ" rod.
By Removing the electrodes from the electrolyte and drying them.
The solid electrodes are the positive electrodes; the mercury electrodes are the negative electrodes.
The mercury pools of the two lower electrodes are not in contact when the bulb is vertical, but the bulb is so mounted that it can be tilted to bring these two pools temporarily in contact for starting.
Current then passes between the two mercury electrodes from the starting transformer and the little stream of mercury which bridges the space between the electrodes breaks with a spark as the bulb is returned to its vertical position.
Form the film again and the electrodes will be as good as new.
The positive electrodes are surrounded by this vapor.
The rectifier bulb is provided with three positive electrodes or anodes, a negative electrode or cathode, and a starting anode, as shown.
Move regulator R to the extreme right step by step and note that the ammeter continues to return to zero, which indicates that the film on rectifier electrodes is formed properly.
The electrodes are made of loops of platinum wire sealed in glass tubes.
Bend the platinum electrodes up so that they will stick up into the test tubes from below.
It was to be supposed that the current of water through which the bubbles of gas were removed from the electrodes would not have permitted of a notable resistance of polarization.
For this purpose carbon is added in the form of powdered coke, ground electrodes or other forms of pure carbon.
The electrodes in this furnace are of graphite, 9 in.
In melting, the electrodesfirst rest on the charge of material in the furnace.
This causes tremendous arcs to form between the lower ends of the electrodes and the metal below, and these electric arcs are the only source of heat in this style of furnace.
Connection is now established between the binding posts and the head and foot electrodes respectively.
This is preferable to any of the hard woods, because of the greater facility of fitting in the electrodes etc.
The copper electrodes were the same dimensions, except that they were a quarter inch thick.
The two electrodes are separated, and a wire connects the two outside of the cell.
Lead III The electrodes are attached to left arm and left leg.
Lead I The electrodes are attached to right arm and left arm.
Lead II The electrodes are attached to right arm and left leg.
Now, the nearer together the electrodes are, the more it is necessary to lower the partition.
The extension of theelectrodes and the bringing of them together is the knotty part of the question.
If this is isolating and impermeable, there will be no interest in raising the electrodes sensibly above its lower edge.
Experiments made with a voltameter having platinum electrodes separated by an interval of 3 or 4 centimeters showed that for a determinate E.
The apparatus is hermetically sealed at the top, the twoelectrodes being naturally insulated with rubber.
The electrodes may be placed in proximity at will, owing to the use of the porous partition.
Various partitions having been placed between electrodes spaced three centimeters apart, currents were obtained which indicated that, with the best of porcelains, the rendering of the apparatus is diminished by one-half.
A laboratory voltameter consists either of a U-shaped tube or of a trough in which the electrodes are covered by bell glasses (Fig.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "electrodes" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
