The two most significant errors in the Ptolemaic cartography were (a) the representation of the Indian Ocean as an enclosed sea; (b) the too great extension in longitude given to the Mediterranean Sea.
Martin Waldseemüller and the early Lusitano-Germanic Cartography of the New World.
Seutter holds his place in the history of cartography not so much by reason of the high quality of the work done as by reason of the quantity.
Hitherto the Ptolemaic cartography had exerted an overpowering influence.
Early Spanish Cartographyof the New World with special reference to the Wolfenbüttel-Spanish Map and the work of Diego Ribero.
The student of our early cartography must revert often to the rival maps and atlases of Blaeu and Jansson.
The study of early American cartography may be said to have begun with Humboldt; and in this restricted field no one has since rendered greater service than Dr.
This map is further considered in its relation to the cartography of the period in the Editorial Note on the “Maps of the XVIIth Century,” which follows chapter vii.
He acquired a mastery of the science of navigation and cartography according to the best methods of that period.
Iberville and the following century; but a volume of the early cartography is promised as a completion of the publication.
It is not necessary to follow the course of the Greenland cartography farther with any minuteness.
The development of Peruvian cartography under the Spanish explorations is traced in a note in Vol.
We come now to the conditions of the Atlantic cartography immediately preceding the voyage of Columbus.
There are some indications in the early cartography which can perhaps be easily explained on this hypothesis;[538] there are said to be unusual linguistic correspondences in the American tongues with those of this strange people.
The science of geodesy is part of mathematical geography, of which the arts of surveying and cartography are applications.
Hence mathematical geography (see MAP), including cartography as a practical application, comes first.
Scarcely any specimens of ancient Egyptian cartography have survived.
But although military operations added to our knowledge of the world, scientificcartography was utterly neglected.
Only two specimens of Roman cartography have come down to us, viz.
If the purpose had been to make this a work of erudition rather than of popular information, much might have been said of the cartography of the time even from this work alone (Receuil de Charles du XIII e Siecle, Paris, 1878).
Cartography and the teaching of geography--Hereford Map of the World.
We shall show in another place how slowly the error was eradicated from the cartography of even the latter part of the sixteenth century.
The Early Cartography of the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Parts,” where some light is thrown on contemporary knowledge of the Florida coast.
This completes the story of the popularity of Ortelius down to the publication of Wytfliet, when American cartography obtained its special exponent.
Agathodæmon (Ptolemean) maps on the cartography of the Middle Ages.
There are copies of the 1575 edition in the libraries of Congress, Harvard College, and the Boston Athenæum; and the four maps of interest in American cartography may be described from the Harvard College copy.
In Columbus’ time Cuba was put seven or eight degrees too far north; and under this false impression the cartography of the Antilles began.
In the Hindu cosmography these genuine features are symmetrised as in a kaleidoscope; in the European cartography they are squeezed together in a manner that one can only compare to a pig in brawn.
Confusions in Cartography of the 16th Century from the endeavour to combine new and old information.
Sidenote: Confusions in Cartography of the 16th century, from the endeavour to combine new and old information.
THE cartography of Acadia begins with that coast, “discovered by the English,” which is made a part of Asia in the map of La Cosa in 1500.
In the same letter Douglass gives some notion of the uncertain cartography of that day.
Picu”) skirting the mainland coast—in short, the cartographyis largely traditional if not fanciful.
This cartography reappeared occasionally up to about the middle of the nineteenth century, as illustrated by the Greenhow map accompanying the edition of his history issued in 1845.
The Catalans and Majorcans were famous for their knowledge of cartography and the related sciences.
Naturally, these accomplishments in geography and cartography necessitated a solid foundation in the mathematical and physical sciences, and such a basis in fact existed.
On various theories as to origin of name, see Ganong, Cartography of Gulf of St. Lawrence (R.
It is a succinct account of the progress of cartography before the times of Mercator and Ortelius.
The cartographyof New England in the seventeenth century began with the map of Captain John Smith in 1614 (given in chap.
A new English cartography sprang up when there came a demand for geographical knowledge, as the events of Philip’s War engaged general attention.
This completes the list of important maps for the period immediately preceding the new Portuguese discoveries, and shows us the most likely examples of cartography for Prince Henry's study.
These were the works[270] which in cartography bore most closely upon the Infant's explorations; and we may here summarise the evidence of the same as to the advance of knowledge along the West African coast and among the Atlantic Islands.
Here cartography and astronomical geography were diligently studied, and practical mariners were equipped for their work.
But it is quite easy to account for the superiorcartography of the two gulfs and Kangaroo Island.
But the fact that he surveyed the gulfs and Kangaroo Island on the second visit, in 1803, is quite sufficient to account for the improved cartography of this region in the French atlas.
In the history of cartography his map of Europe and his Rhine map especially merit a place of prominence.
Martin Waldseemüller and the Lusitano-Germanic Cartography of the New World.
That a globe of such large dimensions, and of date so early, should come down to our day scarcely injured in the slightest degree, is a source of much delight to students of early cartography and of early discovery and exploration.
From the above-named list of works, to which numerous additions might be made, a general notion of the beginnings of modern cartography can be obtained.
Thenceforward the cartography of this northeastern region showed the St. Lawrence Gulf in a better development of the earlier so-called Square Gulf and of the great river of Canada.
It is to the work of Allefonsce that we probably owe another confusion of this northern cartography in the sixteenth century.
The cartography of the north was at this period subject to two new influences; and both of them make large demands upon the credulity of scholarship in these latter days.
Giustiniani, another countryman of Columbus, says in his polyglot Psalter, published in 1537, that Christopher learned cartography from his brother Bartolomeo, who had learned it himself in Lisbon.
Las Casas represents him as little inferior to Christopher in the art of navigation, and as a writer and in things pertaining to cartography as his superior.
But even at the present time, an interesting misunderstanding attaches to this part of Bering's history and the cartography of these regions.
L'Isle (1720) adopted in his atlas the old cartography of the peninsula.
While this Cook cartography fixed Bering's place of landing too far east, the Russians committed the opposite error.
Cook chose the latter; and to this mistake on his part it is due that the last splinter of Mueller's vain structure passed into the cartography of the future.
