Moreover, the proper movements of the spots prove that the photosphere is not solid.
The phenomenon is often announced some days in advance: we may perceive in the photosphere a great agitation which often manifests itself by some very brilliant faculae (to be described presently) giving birth to one or more pores.
Wilson originated and Herschel developed the theory that the sun's real body was dark, cool, and habitable, and that the photosphere was a luminous stratum at a distance from the real body, with openings showing the dark spots below.
At the higher solar temperatures that exist elsewhere in the photosphere and in its overlying gaseous envelopes all chemical elements occur in a free state, intermingling as incandescent vapors without the formation of any chemical compounds.
It is well known that thephotosphere or visible surface of the sun appears to be much brighter in the center of the disk than near its circumference.
Shooting upward from the photosphere with the tremendous velocity of one hundred or more miles per second, can be seen at all times, by properly screening off the light from the photosphere, the vast solar eruptions known as the prominences.
The photosphere is the region where sun-spots appear and they are found in zones extending from 8 deg.
With a diamond, carborundum or zirconia button the photosphere can be as much as one thousand times the volume of the button.
The higher the incandescence of the photosphere the more it approaches in conductivity to that of the electrode, and the more, therefore, the solid and the gas form one conducting body.
At first, when the bombardment begins, most of the work is performed on the surface of the button, but when a highly conducting photosphere is formed the button is comparatively relieved.
The formation of a powerful photosphere is consequently the very means for protecting the electrode.
Of the more special appearances which the photosphere presents, let us take first the faculæ.
And if transparent, will not the light from the remote side of the photosphere seen through them, be nearly as bright as that of the side next to us?
No need, however, has arisen for either relinquishing or holding but loosely the associated conclusions respecting the constitution of the photosphere and its envelope.
Some of these dark spots--they are dark only by contrast with the photospheresurrounding them--are of enormous size, covering many thousands of square miles of surface.
It is from the photosphere that we have gained most of our knowledge of the composition of the sun, which is believed not to be a solid body.
Sun-spots It is in the brilliant photosphere that the dark areas known as sun-spots appear.
Examination of thephotosphere shows that the outer surface is never at rest.
The intense white heat of the photosphere beneath shines through this layer, overpowering its brilliant redness.
Above the photosphere comes a stratum of cooler vapours and gases, namely, hydrogen and helium, a very light element recently found on the earth, along with argon, in the rare mineral cleveite.
In certain regions of the photosphere several dark patches are usually visible, which are called 'sun-spots.
The photosphere consists of gaseous vapours or clouds, of irregular form and size, separated by less brilliant interstices, and glowing white with the heat derived from the interior of the Sun.
In the telescope the photosphere is not of uniform brilliancy, but presents a mottled or granular appearance, an effect created by the intermixture of spaces of unequal brightness.
At the telescope or in the ordinary photograph these can be seen only at the edge of the sun, because elsewhere the background furnished by the photosphere is so bright that they are lost in it.
Here and there the bright granules of the photosphere become disturbed and torn apart, and broad areas are exposed which are relatively dark.
Immediately above the photosphere lies the "reversing layer" in which are found the substances which give rise to the gaps in the sun's spectrum--the Fraunhofer lines.
The photosphere is a great luminous body of gaseous matter that is believed to envelop the sun, so that we do not see the core of the sun unless it is when we look into one of these spots.
These sun-spots seem to be great holes that have been blown through the photosphere of the sun.
If the atmosphere admits the use of high magnifying powers, the structure of the photospherewill be found more and more interesting the higher the power employed.
The view shows the "rice grain" structure of the photosphere and brilliant calcium flocculi.
Between photosphere and chromosphere is a very thin envelope, probably not over 700 miles in thickness, called the reversing layer.
The sun's original image is nearly 17 inches in diameter on the plate, and the solar chromosphere and prominences, together with the photosphere and faculae, are all recorded by monochromatic light.
Janssen of Paris took photographs of the solar photosphereso highly magnified that the granulation or willow-leaf structure of the surface was clearly visible, and its variations traceable from hour to hour.
Schuster thinks that Lane's law does not apply to the temperature of the photosphere and the absorbing layers of the sun and stars, but only to the portions between the photosphere and the centre, which probably act like a perfect gas.
Langley, the sun's photosphereis 5000 times brighter than the molten metal in a "Bessemer convertor.
As has been stated, we can never see the corona unless, when during a total solar eclipse, the moon has, for the time being, hidden the brilliant photosphere completely from our view.
It only appears so in contrast with the brilliant photosphere around.
If, therefore, the photosphere could be entirely removed, or covered up, we should see only the spectra of those layers which lie upon it.
The layer itself appears to be in a fairly quiescent state; a marked contrast to the seething photosphere beneath, and the agitated chromosphere above.
This occurs because a strip of those layers which lie immediately upon the photosphere remains still uncovered.
They seem to shrink away as a consequence of the photosphereclosing in upon them.
The sun spots, so familiar to every one nowadays, are dark patches which are often seen to break out in the photosphere (see Plate V.
Dark spaces seen in the photosphere are known as sun-spots, and these are often surrounded by brighter patches, termed faculæ.
Above the photosphere a shallow envelope of gases, rising here and there into huge prominences, and known as the chromosphere, is seen in red tints when the sun is totally eclipsed.
A world with a central fluid nucleus (b) and a photosphere (a).
Then the formation of a liquid nucleus, and a brilliant photosphere without.
So far, the best course I can get means we graze the sun's photosphere in fourteen days six hours, allowing for acceleration by the sun's gravity.
This photosphere radiates the heat and light which vivify the planets of the solar system, and imparts the stimulae of life and animation.
It lies between the photosphere and the corona, and is supposed to be at least 5000 miles deep, while, as we have seen, the flames shoot up from it to fabulous heights.
If, then, we ask how the solar photosphere would appear to the eye, could we see it without absorption, these figures appear to show conclusively that it would be blue.
This result is specially interesting, as it shows that the atmospheric layers, in which that absorption takes place which produces the dark lines in the spectrum, shares in the motion of the photosphere at the same latitude.
In the times of least spotting more than half the days of a year may pass without the surface of the photosphere being broken, while in periods of plenty no day in the year is likely to fail to show them.
Below the photospherelies the vast unknown mass of the unseen solar realm.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "photosphere" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word. Other words: belt; corona; layer; stratosphere; stratum; sun
