The patient himself, or the surgeon, may discover the loose body and feel it roll beneath his fingers, especially if it is lodged in the supra-patellar pouch in the knee, or on one or other side of the olecranon in the elbow.
In a later phase of recovery, the right knee-jerk was very markedly exaggerated and a patellar clonus was demonstrable on the right side.
Cloniform movements followed tapping the patellar tendon on the right side, and a patellar clonus and ankle clonus could also be demonstrated.
The tendon reflexes were more marked on the right side than on the left, and there was even a slight ankle and patellar clonus.
The tendon reflexes were more lively and cloniform on the right, but there was no longer patellar or ankle clonus.
There was physical weakness, difficulty in walking without support, exaggeration of patellar reflexes, pains in the head and limbs.
The patellar reflex was exaggerated; plantar reflexes could not be obtained.
Reflexes were normal save that the leg reflexes were a little stronger on the affected side, and the patellar reflex on that side was nullified by the contracture.
After even a slight stroke on the patellar tendon, the trembling became excessive and irregular, and the leg passed into a heaving spasm which would outlast the percussion for some time.
The left patellar reflex was diminished when the eyes of the patient were leveled at the knee; but a surprise test brought the knee-jerk out normally.
The tendon reflexes of the arms appeared increased; there was a suspicion of patellar clonus and of foot clonus, and it had been proposed to invalid the man for spastic paralysis.
As against hysteria, it will be noted that the patellar reflex was exaggerated, and that the plantar reflexes could not be obtained.
Patellar reflex could not be elicited on the right.
On the other hand, percussion of the right patellar tendon was able to provoke no contraction of either right or left adductors.
Such cases may be styled momentary luxation, whether they are due to a weakened condition of the patellar ligaments or spasmodic contraction of the crural muscles.
As a matter of fact, in the horse, patellar luxation is the one frequent affection of this kind.
The patellar ligaments are three strong bands which arise from the antero-inferior surface of the patella, and are inserted to the anterior aspect of the tuberosity of the tibia.
Below the patella it is separated from the patellar ligaments by a thick pad of fat, but inferiorly it is in contact with the femerotibial capsules.
Reduction having been affected, the application of a vesicant over the whole patellar region is customary.
As a rule, complete disarticulation immobilizes the affected joint and in most instances there is noticeable an abnormal prominence in the immediate vicinity--in patellar luxation, the whole bone.
In cases of habitual luxation, unless the ligaments are so lax that the patella may be displaced laterally over the inner as well as the outer trochler rims, division of the inner straight patellar ligament will correct the condition.
Two forms of truepatellar luxation in the horse may be considered; one which is due to the patella becoming fixed upon the internal trochlear rim of the femur and the other when the patella slips over the outer rim of the trochlea.
Also, some practictioners report cases of patellar luxation and refer to pseudo-luxations, without clearly defining the conditions which constitute pseudo-luxation.
Patellar fractures are rarely met with in the horse but may be caused by falls and heavy contusions.
Patellar disarticulation may be more practically considered as momentary and fixed, regardless of the position taken by the patella.
Tapley[39] reports in the Veterinary Journal (English) fracture of the head and internal trochanter of the femur and patellar luxation occurring simultaneously affecting a mule.
The probabilities are that the ball lies between the head of the tibia and the patellar notch of the femur, but the absolute certainty of this deduction must be supported by an exposure in a lateral plane, which is shown in plate 129.
The missile lies in the joint capsule between the head of the tibia, in front of the spine, and the patellar notch of the femur.
Some of the fibers of the anterior part arise directly from the inner cnemial crest while its remaining fibers arise from the patellar tendon (Fig.
The distal part of the muscle is aponeurotic and joins with the femorotibialis muscles in the formation of the patellar tendon.
The origin of the anterior head is fleshy from the proximal edge of the outer cnemial crest and from the internal edge of the distal end of the patellar tendon.
The insertion is fleshy along a narrow line on the anteromedial edge of the head of the tibia and on the medial region of the patellar tendon.
The origin is fleshy and tendinous from the edge of the outer cnemial crest and fleshy from the superficial surface of the distolateral part of the patellar tendon; the posteroproximal corner arises tendinously from the femorofibular fascia.
II) to the deep surface of the lateral part of the patellar tendon; a similar vinculum extends from the medial surface of the internal condyle to the deep surface of the medial part of the patellar tendon.
Pars postica forms a short narrow tendon that fuses to the lateral part of the tendon of pars lateralis, forming the lateralmost part of the patellar tendon.
The origin of the tibial head does not extend onto the patellar tendon.
The tendons of both superficial and deep layers attach to the medial part of the rotular crest, forming the medialmost part of the patellar tendon.
The superficial layer attaches fleshily to the ventral part of the anterior surface of the patella and to the medial half of the superficial surface of the patellar tendon; this layer slightly overlaps the distal fleshy end of M.
In one leg, the posterior head arises in part from the distolateral edge of the patellar tendon and in another, in part from the superficial surface of the distolateral corner of the patellar tendon.
In both legs of two specimens, the extreme proximal end extends proximal to the rotular crest and attaches fleshily to the superficial surface of the distal end of the patellar tendon.
In the dog, the cat, the pig, and the sheep, the patellar ligament consists of a single band.
In short, the sartorius is of interest to us in the carnivora only, and especially on account of its anterior or patellar fasciculus.
On account of their different insertions these two parts receive the names of the patellar sartorius and tibial sartorius respectively.
In case 97 the persistence for four weeks of paralysis of the bladder and rectum suggested medullary hæmorrhage in addition, while the return of patellar reflex in the paralysed limb negatived the occurrence of an extensive destructive lesion.
The left plantar reflex was absent, the right slight, the left patellar reflex was abnormally brisk.
The plantar andpatellar reflexes were much exaggerated, and there was ankle clonus, most marked in the left limb.
Patellar reflexes can be obtained, but the knee jerks are uncertain.
There was neither ankle nor patellar clonus, and the other reflexes were present and normal.
Facilitation of the patellar reflex or "knee jerk".
The knee jerk or "patellar reflex", aroused by a blow on the patellar tendon just below the knee when the knee is bent and the lower leg hanging freely, is quicker still, taking about .
Where is the reflex center for the patellar reflex, and whence comes the reinforcing influence?
With the edge of your hand strike the patellar tendon just below the knee cap.
Patellar reflexes were markedly exaggerated on both sides, the left more so than the right, and ankle clonus was present on the left side.
While the reflexes were being tested he volunteered the information that his left patellar reflex was very much stronger than the right.
He went on to refer to my patellar and plantar reflexes, by which time I had had enough, tore the paper up and flung it out of the railway carriage window.
The patient suffers severely from neuritis, and there may be early loss of patellar reflex.
Bill," said he, after we had fed our respective faces, "did you ever wonder why that Swede received such prompt recognition without controversy for his absent patellar reflex?
I asked what the patellar reflex was, and the doc had Pete sit and cross his legs, and explained.
Then we corralled another jury and showed that Pete had no patellar reflex, and therefore no spine, and got a shameful great verdict for him.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "patellar" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
