The radii are rarely developed, but generally the four sutures are distinct; sometimes these are externally quite obliterated, the shell, as seen from the outside, consisting of a single piece like a patella or fissurella.
Limpet from the Antilles; Patella barbata, the bearded Limpet (Fig.
Stars of all shapes, regular and irregular, will be found on the spire of the Patella stellifera.
The Patella stellifera is usually found in caves or sheltered places amongst rocks exposed to the ocean swell.
In the attempt to do so, Patella radians has been subdivided into five sub-species, but even this division is not a success.
Examination of the outside of the joint will disclose the situation of the patella outside its proper place.
The animal makes a lurch to keep from falling, contracts the muscles, and the patella slips into place with a sharp click, and the animal walks off as if nothing had happened.
Division of the integuments over a fractured patella is a very serious accident.
Cases have, however, occurred, in which compound fracture of the patella has been cured.
Tumours, originally housemaid’s knee, aggravated by continued pressure, are met with over the ligament of the patella in almost a solid state.
The ligament of the patella does not often give way from muscular action; it is much stronger than the bone, and the latter consequently snaps.
From this, it will at once be understood, why the bursa over the patella should be the one most commonly affected.
The palpi have the patella and tibia short, not much longer than wide (fig.
The legs are white, with narrow dark brown rings at the ends of the joints and wider yellow rings on patella and femur of the first and second pairs.
The male palpi have the appendages of patella and tibia longer than in bimaculata, and softer and more curved.
The femur and patella of all the legs are bright orange, darker toward the ends.
The tibia and patella of the second pair are marked with lighter gray in the same way.
The legs are pale, except the patella and tibia of the first pair, which are black or dark gray, with the tip of the tibia white.
The patella has at the end a straight tooth directed downward with a short point (fig.
The male palpi have the patella as short as wide, and the tibia very short and wide, with a short hook on the outer and a longer and more slender one on the inner side, as shown in fig.
The patellahas a short process on the outer side near the end.
The tarsus is small and narrow, not as long as thepatella and tibia.
The tarsus is twice as long as the tibia and patella together, with a long narrow tip.
The legs have the femora and patella and tibia of first and second pairs black or dark brown and the other joints light and black at the ends.
In some the mandibles are only a little longer than those of the female, and in these the patella and tibia of the front legs are not much longer than the femur.
The patella and tibia together are nearly as long as the femur.
The male palpi have the patella and tibia thickened and about as wide as long.
There was no epileptoid trepidation of the foot, and no patella clonus.
This asymmetry of the patella and Achilles reflexes lasted about 10 minutes after anesthesia was stopped, and lasted a little longer for the patella reflexes than for the Achilles reflexes.
On percussion of the patella tendon, a strong polykinetic reflex was obtained; right Achilles jerk preserved; right leg in external rotation.
Achilles reflexes were normal and equal; epileptoid trepidation of the foot, and clonus of the patella absent; the limb showed marked and permanent vasomotor disorders and local hypothermia; both phenomena were of a sharp and definite nature.
A numbness, or state of no feeling, in the right thigh appeared, and increased to the point of total analgesia to the level of the upper margin of the patella save for a narrow strip in the mid-line on the posterior aspect of the leg.
September 22 there was found a slight laxity of the patella tendon, as well marked on the left side as on the right.
The right knee-jerk reappeared before the left and became stronger, though without patella clonus.
The patella clonus on the right side lasted an hour after waking, at which time all the reflexes returned to their previous state.
Although there was no apparent spasticity in the legs, there was an ankle clonus and a bilateral patella clonus, combined with a distinct exaggeration of all bone and tendon reflexes.
As the man was waking from anesthesia, when reflexes were reappearing, there was a suggestion of left patella clonus--right clonus as strong as before.
Neurologically, the knee-jerks and Achilles jerks were greater on the right than on the left, and there was on the right side a distinct patella and ankle clonus.
The left knee-jerk and arm reflexes were exaggerated, and there was ankle and patella clonus with Babinski sign.
Patella deaurita, and another Patella, too much worn to be identified, but apparently similar to one found abundantly adhering to the leaves of the kelp.
I also found, in the bed of the river, two much worn and broken shells of the Voluta ancilla, still retaining traces of their colours; and one of the Patella deaurita.
Another and very common charm resorted to for the cure of this painful disorder, consists in the wearing about the person the patella of a sheep or lamb, here known as the "cramp-bone.
One instance of a human patella being thus used has come under my notice, but I believe this to be by no means common.
Both these differ from Patella in that the apices of their shells show a tendency to assume a spiral form, thus denoting a somewhat closer relationship to the more advanced univalves.
Acmaea testudinalis] The Common Limpet (Patella vulgata) is found on all our rocky coasts between the tide-marks, often at such a level that it is left exposed to the air for eight or nine hours at a time.
These include Nerita litoralis, and even Patella vulgata, the common limpet.
Some remarks on transverse fractures of the patella will be found under the heading devoted to that bone.
The wound over the patella healed and some union had occurred, when the patient fell and burst both the bone union and the skin cicatrix.
The reduction of these displacements of the patella is not usually attended with difficulty.
A sudden jerk or spasmodic action will often be all that is required to spring the patella into place, when the flexion of the leg at the hock ends the trouble for the time.
No difficulty is encountered in recognizing the fracture of the patella because of the exposed position of the bone.
Temporary luxation of the patella is a common affection of the horse and fixed luxation of this bone also occurs.
Described under the title of false luxation are recorded cases wherein the quadriceps (crural) muscles become contracted in such manner that a condition simulating true disarticulation of the patella obtains.
It is possible also that a temporary luxation of the patella took place first and caused the animal to struggle in such manner that fracture followed.
The patella performs a function which is in a way similar to that of the sesamoids and when fractured, complete recovery is improbable in the average instance.
This operation has been found a corrective in cases of outward luxation as well as those of upward dislocation of the patella when resorted to before the trochleae are worn from frequent luxation.
Occasionally one may observe in suckling colts outward luxation of the patella wherein there is history of navel infection and no marked evidence of rachitis is present.
On the patella it is attached around the margin of the articular surface, but on the femur the line of attachment is at a varying distance from the articular surface.
Two forms of true patellar luxation in the horse may be considered; one which is due to the patella becoming fixed upon the internal trochlear rim of the femur and the other when the patella slips over the outer rim of the trochlea.
I have thought that in fracture of the patella it would be peculiarly valuable, as it is so readily adjusted to all the inequalities of the knee joint.
With this bound moderately tight to the leg by a roller bandage, it was simply an impossibility for the patella to move from its proper position.
The tendon of the quadriceps femoris, at once drew the patella at least two inches above its normal position.
With some assistance from a brother physician the patella was brought down to its place, but it would not remain.
The patella is well developed, and so too are the fabellae as a general rule.
The patellaof the Ungulata vera is well ossified, but fabellae[177] are not usually found.
In the Condylarthra the femur has well-marked lesser and third trochanters, and the fibula and patella are well developed.
Patella 100 On all coasts--adhering to stones and rocks.
The superficial layer attaches fleshily to the ventral part of the anterior surface of the patella and to the medial half of the superficial surface of the patellar tendon; this layer slightly overlaps the distal fleshy end of M.
The shells of this genus so closely resemble Patella that it is almost impossible to make the distinction from the shells alone.
A genus formed of those species of Patella which have a produced, recurved beak.
This shell is placed near Patella by Lamarck, on account of its large open aperture; but having a horny operculum, and resembling Purpurea in other respects.
A species of Patella has had the specific name corneus given to it, because its texture more nearly resembles that of a horn than that of a shell.
A Patella may be described as a vertically compressed cone.
Patelloida differs from Patella in the construction of the animal; Siphonaria, in the lateral siphon; and Ancylus, in the oblique twist of the axis, as well as in the nature of the animal.
The ancient writers, seeing the valves separate, placed it in their systems under the name Patella Unguis.
And, it may also be observed, that the shells themselves differ from Patella in not being quite symmetrical, having the apex turned on one side.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "patella" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
