Stone implements of Aurignacian type were disposed around the skeleton: in addition to these, a number of molluscan shells were arranged about the skull.
But the molluscan fauna has also been used as a means of distinction.
To Lamarck we are also indebted for the establishment in 1818 of the molluscangroup of Heteropoda.
What a host ofmolluscan shells exist in every country and in all seas which elude our means of distinction, and exhaust our resources in this respect!
The reason for such a theory is the presence in the lake of certain molluscan organisms whose shells closely resemble those of the salt water family, Littorinidae (Periwinkles).
It is of these molluscan denizens of fresh water that I shall write in this article.
At the same time it possesses a totally distinct series of functional gills, which are not derived from the modification of the typical molluscan ctenidium.
Thus the renal organ of Aplysia is shown to conform to the Molluscan type.
In the hinder part of the foot (not shown in any of the diagrams) is the opening of a large mucus-forming gland very often found in the Molluscan foot.
The lamelliform sub-pallial gills, which (as in Patella) replace the typical Molluscan ctenidium.
The general structure of the Molluscan intestine has not been sufficiently investigated to render any comparison of this structure of Patella with that of other Mollusca possible.
The eyes of the limpet deserve mention as examples of the most primitive kind of eye in the Molluscan series.
The gill-plume, which in Aplysia is the typical Molluscan ctenidium, is seen in fig.
It may be well to note, however, that in some other parts of the world the development of molluscan life is far [pg313] in excess of anything to be found upon our shores.
There is no single feature of mollusks more important than the foot, for upon the many modifications of this organ the various molluscan classes are founded.
A striking peculiarity of the nudibranchs is that the conventional molluscan mantle is not usually apparent.
The result of this is to confuse at first the student of conchology, who, though fairly familiar with the molluscan genera, finds himself perplexed when he confronts a list of west-coast shells.
The animal of the /Dentalidae/ is remarkable, and easily merits the rank of a separate molluscan class.
Between Long Island Sound and Hatteras the littoral molluscan fauna is disappointing to the collector, for the number of species is relatively small, and few even of these are entitled to any claims to beauty of shell.
In whatever part of the world a naturalist may find himself, there is always a tempting array of molluscan life to attract him.
These must not mislead the collector into a vain search for a mantle and other molluscan characteristics of anatomy.
Nearly every conceivable character of sea-bottom or shore-line between tides harbors its own peculiar types of molluscan life.
I am not aware of any mammalian or molluscan remains having been found in them.
In the snails one of the two molluscan shell-valves has been more largely developed than the other, and therefore one half also of the body is greater than the other.
But this Molluscan thorax is conjoined with animal systems, and has assumed their noble or elevated type of structure.
In numerous examples of mostMolluscan groups, except the Cephalopoda.
Various larval forms with many characters like those of the molluscan Trochosphere, frequently with distinct transverse bands of cilia.
In the same class with this cuticle must be placed the molluscanand brachiopod shells, which are developed as cuticular plates on special regions of the epidermis.
The most highly differentiated molluscan eye is that of the Dibranchiate Cephalopoda, which is in fact more highly organized than any other invertebrate eye.
It is difficult to decide from development whether the Molluscan eyes, so far dealt with, originated in the first instance pari passu with the supraoesophageal ganglia or independently at a later period.
The subsequent conversion of the mesoblast elements into amoeboid cells, out of which branched muscles are formed, is in my opinion simply due to the envelopment of the soft Molluscan body within a hard shell.
Mr. Gulick states, that the vegetation of the different valleys on the same side of this range is much the same, yet each has a molluscan fauna differing in some degree from that of any other.
This prominence is perhaps equivalent to the epistome of the Phylactolaemata and the disc-like organ of Rhabdopleura, which Lankester has compared to the molluscan foot[120].
As an example of the typical Molluscan type the normal Heteropod segmentation, accurately described by Fol[41], may be selected.
The position and mode of development of the shell-gland of the Cephalopoda exactly agree with that of the shell-gland as seen in the otherMolluscan embryos figured in this paper.
This concentration is analogous to what has already been described for Anodon and other Molluscan ova (p.
Before the blastopore has attained its final condition three organs make their appearance, which are eminently characteristic of the typical molluscan larva.
Finally he identifies my ciliated disc, which as mentioned above is perhaps equivalent to the cement gland in the adult Loxosoma, as the molluscan shell-gland.
General review of the characters of the Molluscan larvae.
The segmentation is unequal and conforms to the usual molluscan type.
The shell, which is at first disc-shaped like the shell of other molluscan larvae, moulds itself upon the mantle and is so converted into a tube.
More important in the comparison is the so-called foot (tail), which arises in the embryo as a prominence between the mouth and anus, and in this respect exactly corresponds with the Molluscan foot.
When the embryology of Nautilus pompilius is worked out, we shall probably know with some certainty the fate of the Molluscan shell-gland in the group of the Cephalopoda.
The foot he finds in the epistome of the Phylactolaemata, and the disc of Rhabdopleura--both situated between the mouth and anus, and therefore in the situation of the molluscan foot.
The early appearance of the sac of the mantle in which the shell is enclosed has led to an erroneous identification of this sac with the primitive shell-sac or shell-gland of the Molluscan embryo.
Nautilus and the other Cephalopoda conform to the general Molluscan characters in regard to these organs.
Nautilus, like the other Cephalopoda, exhibits a great concentration of the typical Molluscan ganglia, as shown in fig.
Roman Catholicism offers to the masses a molluscan shell.
Now what is this but another species of molluscan shell?
So, as the Hermit into the molluscan shell, creeps the poor soul within the pale of Rome, seeking, like Adam in the garden, to hide its nakedness from God.
Hubrecht in 1881 of a typical molluscan radula and odontophore in a new genus Proneomenia, allied to Neomenia, showed that the whole group belonged to the Mollusca.
Each gill has the structure of a typical molluscan ctenidium, consisting of an axis bearing an anterior and posterior row of filaments or lamellae.
Nor is this hiatus confined to the Molluscan phylum; it is the same for all branches of the animal kingdom.
In giving this outline of the Molluscan Fauna of our neighbourhood, the writer has called attention to the valuable papers on Embryology by Professor E.
The dead shells of species, once abundant, are conclusive evidence that the Molluscan fauna do not now enjoy a congenial atmosphere in that neighbourhood.
A warm and moist season would alike prove beneficial to the development of the larvæ and their intermediate molluscan hosts.
Closely connected with fish as a Seri food-source are the various molluscan and crustacean forms collectively called shellfish; and these contribute a considerable share of the sustenance of the tribe.
But even in molluscan history there was a tragic chapter.
The clams and oysters show even more clearly what we might call the logical results of molluscan structure.
Its molluscancharacteristics were only skin-deep, evidently an adaptation to a mode of life like that of mollusks.
Let us turn to the development of a third molluscan line terminating in the cuttle-fishes.
A number of species adopt other dwellings than molluscan shells, and some tropical Hermits, for instance, are found living in the cavities of water-logged stems of bamboo (Fig.
By means of these claws the Crab holds over its back some object, generally one valve of a molluscan shell, sometimes even a mangrove-leaf, to supplement the protection afforded by its carapace.
When it is scanty it contains neither carbonate of lime nor organic remains; but in the tuff-agglomerates it may be calcareous and may inclose tests of foraminifera and molluscan shells.
Agglomerates overlying palagonite-tuffs and clays, that are usually foraminiferous and sometimes inclose molluscan shells, clothe the slopes of these mountain-ridges up to elevations of 2,500 feet and over above the sea.
When not weathered they are more or less calcareous, and contain occasionally marine molluscan shells, whilst palagonitic debris enter largely into their composition.
They are the most highly organized molluscan forms, and their predaceous habits and the great size to which some of them attain have given them distinction among the fierce and dangerous creatures of the sea.
Such a typical molluscanbody is possessed by most of the snails.
If we might judge from this single instance, a molluscan migration from the east to the west seems to have occurred either in early or pre-glacial times.
Kobelt, the great authority on European land shells, that a uniformity of character marks the Alpine Molluscan fauna (b, i.
For very long periods the Alps seem to have received no addition to their molluscan fauna from other areas.
The molluscan fauna certainly indicates no steppe-character, according to Dr.
The Pleistocene, and with it the land and fresh-water molluscan fauna of the present day has been gradually evolved from the Tertiary one, and its roots can be traced through the Cretaceous to the Jurassic epoch.
On a previous occasion, the same author had divided the British Islands into ten districts, according to the distribution of their molluscan fauna.
The molluscan fauna of the latter country is so closely connected with that of Europe, that it is quite impossible to elevate it to the rank of a sub-region of the Holarctic Region.
We still have a good deal to learn as regards the molluscan fauna of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.
Fischer, dealt with the British molluscan fauna in a somewhat similar spirit (p.
Kobelt tells us that a uniformity of character marks the Alpine molluscan fauna.
According to the same authority, we find no species in the whole Siberian molluscan fauna which we might regard as having immigrated since the close of the Glacial period.
The Glacial period had hardly any effect on the molluscan fauna of Europe.
By this time Hobhouse should be with you, and also certain packets, letters, &c.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "molluscan" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
