Compound sporophores arise when any of the branched or unbranched types of spore-bearing hyphae described above ascend into the air in consort, and are more or less crowded into definite layers, cushions, columns or other complex masses.
When the flowers form, however, the mycelium sends hyphae into the young ovaries and rapidly replaces the stores of sugar and starch, &c.
The ascocarps can be distinguished into two portions, a mass of sterile or vegetative hyphae forming the main mass of the fruit body, and surrounding the fertile ascogenous hyphae which bear at their ends the asci.
Owing to the presence of oily globules of an orange-yellow or rusty-red colour in their hyphaeand spores they are termed Rust-Fungi.
Fertilized oogonium surrounded by two layers of hyphae derived from the stalk-cell (st).
These reserve stores may be packed away in single hyphae or in swollen cells, but the hyphae containing them are often gathered into thick cords or mycelial strands (Phallus, mushroom, &c.
The sporophore is obsolete when the spore-bearing hyphaeare not sharply distinct from the mycelium, simple when the constituent hyphae are isolated, and compound when the latter are conjoined.
In Cystopus (Albugo) the "conidia" are abstricted in basipetal chain-like series from the ends of hyphae which come to the surface in tufts and break through the epidermis as white pustules.
The cytological details of development of the perithecia are not well known; most of them appear to develop their ascogenous hyphae in an apogamous way without any connexion with an ascogonium.
Another simple case is that of the columnar aggregates of sporogenous hyphae in forms like Stilbum, Coremium, &c.
They consist of a more or less dense network of hyphae and numerous round or oval refractive spores.
The hyphae and spores of various molds are occasionally met with in the sputum.
Hyphae of molds are not infrequently mistaken for hyaline casts.
The hyphae are rods, usually jointed or branched (Fig.
Stroma hollow, filled with a brown mass of spores and hyphae remnants.
There is no question but that Camillea Bomba is cogeneric with Camillea Sagraena, but the gleba of the latter consists almost entirely of spores, while in the former there is considerably more hyphae remnants than spores.
It has been proved that certain substances formed in plant-cells, not necessarily nutritive, attract the hyphae of parasitic fungi or repel them, according to the kind and degree of concentration.
The hyphae dissolved holes in the membrane by means of enzymes and plunged into the attractive substance on the other side.
This is well shown by the intercellular mycelium of Exoacus and Exobasidium, and the latter affords an excellent illustration of the far-reaching effects of hyphae on the cells (of Vaccinium) into which they do not penetrate.
The much more rapid spread of the hyphae up into the parts thus killed sufficiently indicates the fundamentally saprophytic character of such fungi.
The resemblances between pollination and the infection by fungus hyphae may also be insisted upon.
Peridermium, the hyphae of which invade the medullary rays and resin canals and thus open the way to an outflow through cracks in the bark.
So clear has this proof been made that it was possible in experiments conducted apart from a host plant, to make the hyphae on one side of an artificial membrane--e.
Since De Bary's proof of the germination of the zoospores and of the infection of the leaves, the course of the hyphaein them and in the haulms, the origin of the conidia, etc.
If Phytophthora has obtained access, the fungus hyphae spread between the cells, starting from the haulm, and cause the flesh to turn yellowish and then brown in patches.
Penetrating the tissues of the higher plants, their hosts, the parasitic cells are often excellently preserved, and we may see their delicate hyphae wandering from cell to cell as in fig.
The Hyphaeof Fungi Parasitic on a Woody Tree c, Cells of host; h, hyphae of fungus, with dividing cell walls.
A section through the thallus of Peltigera canina, showing the cortex above and the medulla below, the medullary hyphae of the lower portion running in a somewhat horizontal direction.
A portion of a section through an apothecium of Peltigera canina, showing part of the hymenium of interwoven hyphae below and the bases of three paraphyses above.
As usual in crustose forms, the thalli are composed of hyphae which are densely disposed toward the upper, exposed surface and more loosely disposed toward the lower surface (Fig.
Massee, who has given the Puff-Ball group very close study, says that in the gleba of the Lycoperdaceae, "at a very early period two sets of hyphae are present.
The latter are branches of the hyphae forming the hymenium.
The species are microscopic in size, and the hyphae are strongly developed.
The hyphae are thicker than the spores and branched, continuous with the slightly cellular base, and forming a columella inside the peridium.
The bark pinches off the hyphae and it rapidly decays inside the plant, making a contribution of nutrients that the plant couldn't otherwise obtain.
Food circulates throughout the hyphae much like blood in a human body.
They insert a hyphae into the gap between individual plant cells in a root hair or just behind the growing root tip.
Then the hyphae "drinks" from the vascular system of the plant, robbing it of a bit of its life's blood.
Then, as spores of mycorrhizal fungi begin falling on the bed and their hyphae become established, scattered trees begin to develop the necessary symbiosis and their growth takes off.
Hyphae breakdown products may be in the form of complex organic molecules that function as phytamins for the plant.
Rostafinski's specific name on the ground that the type has disappeared; only the spores of some fungus hyphae remain in the place and these may have been mistaken by Berkeley.
I have never seen them interfered with byhyphae or enemies of any sort, nor do they seem to interfere with one another.
Nevertheless, there are certain parasitic fungi, Chytridiaceae for example, whose relationships plainly entitle them to a place among the hyphate forms that have no hyphae whatever in the entire round of their life-history.
He discusses the fungus which produces it, and shows that the tips of the hyphae secrete a cellulose-dissolving ferment which enables them to pierce the cell-walls of the host.
That there must be some hydrolysis of keratin can hardly be doubted, for Ward established the remarkable fact that the walls of the hyphae contain no cellulose, but are composed of chitin.
It is interesting to note that he was particularly attracted by the mode in which the hyphae attack the tissues on which they prey.
Transverse section of a diseased patch in the leaf showing the hyphae of the fungus pushing between the leaf-cells and tapping them for nourishment.
The hyphaehave broken through in the upper face and are forming a cluster of spores.
Collema) or may be fixed more or less closely to it by special hyphae or rhizoids.
It has been made clear above that the gonidia are nothing more than algal cells, which have been ensnared by fungal hyphae and made to develop in captivity (fig.
A branched filiform thallus of Stigonema with the hyphae of the fungus growing through its gelatinous membranes.
Ephebe pubescens) the form of thallus is the form of the filamentous alga which is merely surrounded by the fungal hyphae (fig.
In other lichens we should expect to find the ascogenous hyphae arising directly from the vegetative hyphae as in Humaria rutilans among the ordinary fungi, where the process is associated with the fusion of vegetative nuclei.
By the fusion of the hyphae in the middle of the mycelium a pseudo-parenchymatous cortical layer has begun to form.
The exact relation of gonidia and hyphae has been investigated especially by Bornet and also by Hedlund, and very considerable differences have been shown to exist in different genera.
The alga is in all cases indicated by the letter g, the assailing hyphae by h.
The wall of the hyphae of the fungus give in the young state the ordinary reactions of cellulose but older material shows somewhat different reactions, similar to those of the so-called fungus-cellulose.
Clavaria mucida, however, has apparently some claims to be considered as a Basidiolichen, since the base of the fruit body and the thallus from which it arises, according to Coker, always shows a mixture of hyphae and algae.
Many lichens, as is well known, exhibit a vivid colouring which is usually due to the incrustation of the hyphae with crystalline excretory products.
The algal cells are usually controlled in their growth by the hyphae and are prevented from forming zoospores, and in some cases, as already described, the algal cells are killed sooner or later by the fungus.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "hyphae" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
