Pirkheimer was eminent as a statesman and a patron of humanism and as a translator of Greek texts and a student of archaeology.
Above all he was the great pioneer of humanism in Germany, and by his personal influence lighted a torch that was soon to illuminate the country.
Indeed, this constituted a large factor in the great movement for humanism in all the Western countries at this time.
In the later period of German humanism this exaggeration was very common.
Humanism taught him to think imperially in the best fashion of ancient Rome, to see that great moral ideas ought to rule in the government of men.
If Humanism influenced the "group of Meaux," who were the advance guard of the French Reformation, it manifested itself no less powerfully in the training of Calvin, who in 1536 unconsciously became the leader of the movement.
His very imperviousness to the intellectual liberalising tendencies of Humanism made him all the more fit to be a trusted religious leader.
Although the avowed intention of the theologians there was to defeat both Humanism and the Reformation, they could not avoid being influenced by both movements.
Zwingli was under the influence of Humanism from his boyhood.
Humanism taught Calvin the claims and the duties of the Christian society; he proclaimed them aloud, and his thoughts spread throughout that portion of the Reformation which followed his leadership and accepted his principles.
Humanism had led many of them to study the earlier Church Fathers, and they could not escape Augustine in doing so.
The theologians of the Sorbonne were vehemently opposed to the "royal lecturers" who represented the Humanism favoured by Margaret, the sister of Francis, and Queen of Navarre.
Humanism had left its mark on all of them, and their reunions were called academies, after the Platonic academies of the earlier Renaissance.
The influence of Humanismon the Reformed Churches 9 Sec.
They hoped to reconcile the great truths of Christian dogma with the New Learning, and at once to enlarge the sphere of Christian intelligence, and to impregnate Humanism with Christian morality.
The Reformation in Spain and Italy was only a brief episode; but in its short-lived existence in these lands, Humanism was one of the greatest forces supporting it and giving it strength.
The Influence ofHumanism on the Reformed Churches.
The concept of sin never had the same significance for the Greek, and humanism has always resented the severity of the tradition that comes from Paul through Augustine and Calvin.
Greeks and Romans to attain unity and humanism in thought and practice.
The humanist element in the Reform-movement grew less and less, while humanism itself became more definitely secular.
It is true that both humanism and rationalism have brought antiquity into the field as an ally; and it is therefore quite comprehensible that the opponents of humanism should direct their attacks against antiquity also.
The connection between humanism and religious rationalism was emphasised as a Saxonian trait by Kochly: the type of this philologist is Gottfried Hermann.
The opponents of humanism are wrong to combat antiquity as well; for in antiquity they have a strong ally.
As has been said, humanism dominated all Christian Europe in the sixteenth century.
The best description of the rise and spread of humanism is J.
Sidenote: Humanism and Christianity] At first, humanism met with some opposition from ardent churchmen who feared that the revival of pagan literature might exert an unwholesome influence upon Christianity.
In fact, we may say that, from the second half of the sixteenth century, humanism as an independent intellectual interest slowly but steadily declined.
Sidenote: Humanism and Protestantism] At first Erasmus was friendly with Luther, but as he strongly disapproved of rebellion against the Church, he subsequently assailed Luther and the whole Protestant movement.
In this chapter, some attention already has been devoted to the rise ofhumanism and likewise to the invention of printing.
Of the antecedents of humanism a convenient summary is presented by Louise Loomis, Mediaeval Hellenism (1906).
He had shown for some time more interest in humanism than in the old-fashioned theology, but hardly any one would have suspected him of heresy, for it was well known that he was a regular pensioner of the pope.
Celtes, and with him the Emperor, was convinced that new methods of instruction were necessary, if Humanism was to triumph over Scholasticism.
But for this very reason Humanism took deep root in the soul of the German people.
Besides, it was by no means the teachings of humanism which led me to an act that you, learned sir, doubtless regard with sterner eyes than the Christian charity which your clerical garb made me expect would permit.
Yet where should humanism find more zealous friends than in that very place, among the heads of the Church?
The great influence which the study of the Aristotelian philosophy in connection with that of humanism obtained in the Julius University founded at Helmstadt in A.
Hence the reaction of the despised scholasticism and the contemned monasticism against humanism was often in the right.
The home of German humanism was the University of =Erfurt=, founded A.
A reformation of the church by humanism alone would have been a return to naked paganism.
The real home of Antitrinitarianism, however, was Italy, a fruit of the half-pagan humanism that flourished there.
Humanism and the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century.
But these “chapter sessions” served quite another purpose than the fostering of Waldensian and Anabaptist societies, and were rather devoted to advancing the interests of liberalistic humanism and scholarship.
The most brilliant representative of humanism there was =Rudolph Agricola=, an admirer and disciple of À.
But the new Humanism and the new Renaissance movement generally throughout Northern Europe centred chiefly in two personalities, Johannes Reuchlin and Desiderius Erasmus.
Joseph Truhlar has devoted himself successfully to the interesting subject of humanism in Bohemia.
Humanism had by this time spread in Bohemia, and he became the centre of a small society which devoted itself entirely to the study of the classic languages.
As humanism advanced and the golden age of the renaissance approached, Latin bucolic writers sprang up and multiplied.
Rhetoric was regarded as a part of grammar, and it is easy to understand that in an age of Humanism the question of style should be a favorite topic.
The influence of Humanism and the impulse of the Renaissance were more directly felt in polite literature than in didactic and scientific works.
They are, may we not say, humanism and science, pursued in a spirit of "admiration, hope and love.
We want no young specialists of twelve years old; and a youth without a tincture of humanism can never become A man foursquare, withouten flaw ywrought.
Fischart took his stand on the now firm union between humanism and Protestantism.
Humanism was transplanted to German soil with the foundation of the university of Prague in 1348, and it made even greater strides than mysticism.
Humanism has long profited from the admitted truth that the moral restraints of an age that possesses an authoritative and absolute belief survive for some time after the doctrine itself has been rejected.
But the humanism of the eighteenth century comes most closely to grips with the classic statements and concepts of religion in the critical philosophy of Kant.
Now, this abstract humanism of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had a considerable influence upon early American preaching.
The conviction of the immeasurable worth of man is, of course, a characteristic teaching of Jesus; what it is important for the preacher to remember in humanism is the source, not the fact, of its estimate.
But the positive defect ofhumanism is more serious.
Humanism has at least the value of an objective standard in the sense that it sets up criteria which are without the individual; it substitutes a collective subjectivism, if we may use the term, for personal whim and impulse.
It exploits the defects of the classic "virtue"; it is, so to speak, humanism run to seed.
The argument is very good humanism but it drops the word "Saviour" out of the vocabulary of faith.
The application of the ethics of Jesus to social control began to die out as humanism individualized Christian morals and as, under its influence, nationalism tended to supplant the international ecclesiastical order.
Humanism makes no organic relations between man and the Eternal.
Which amounts to saying that humanism just because it is self-contained is self-condemned.
There is a native alliance between expository preaching and humanismwhich very largely accounts for the latter's popularity.
For humanism makes an inhuman demand upon the will; it minimizes the force of the subrational and it largely ignores the superrational elements in human experience; it does not answer enough questions.
Justice means recognition of the right of individuals to perform all their functions as individuals, and humanism is precisely an appreciation of the values of the individual as such a functioning whole.
Humanism appears to be most deeply felt as the appreciation of the common and fundamental things in human nature.
We should say that the meaning of humanism in education is that the child should understand and appreciate the meaning and worth of all human life.
The later German philosophy of life we might mention as a denial of much that humanism asserts.
Humanism in a broad sense emerged from all the purposes of the war as the principle of the greater part of the world, as opposed to the idea of Germanism.
Humanism is said to be opposed to rationalism, or to nationalism, or specialization, or paganism, or Germanism as a whole, humanism often being thought of as the spirit of Greek or Christian thought and philosophy.
There are various ways of interpreting humanismas a practical philosophy or principle of education.
About this time he must have paid a visit to the court of Ferrara, where there prevailed a spirit of free culture and humanism most congenial to his tastes.
In Sylvius humanism ascended the Papal throne, for Pope Pius II.
The literature of the first epoch of humanism had played its part then.
It is true that Humanism in some regards presented an inspiring and attractive spectacle.
The first sentence, to dwell only upon this, makes out the opposition of Humanism to the Reformation to have been far more general than was the case, and speaks inaccurately of Humanism as its first victim.
