Interpretations of the psychical such as these have given rise to four peculiar "isms" of an epistemological nature, i.
But before any definite attitude to this newly imported assertion could be taken up, it would require to be distinctly defined, and that would lead us at once into all the depths of epistemological discussion.
Their aphorism may not contain the whole truth, perhaps, but at least it goes nearer to the heart of the epistemological problem than any earlier formulation.
Of epistemological logic in one sense of the phrase Lotze is still to be regarded as a typical exponent.
There is an epistemological logic with sometimes formalist, sometimes methodological leanings.
Back of Plato's illustration and explanation of predication and dialectical inference there lies not only the question of their metaphysical grounding in the interconnexion of ideas, but that of their epistemological presuppositions.
The epistemological problem as such was out of the purview.
The comparison of Sigwart with Lotze is instructive, in regard both to their agreement and their divergence as showing the range of the epistemological formula.
A fewepistemological points will be considered later at proper times, and always in connection with results of theoretical biology.
Of course we are not obliged in these lectures to discuss the psychological and epistemological problems of space with its three dimensions, nor are we obliged to develop a general theory of reality and its different aspects.
But I will endeavour, since the point is of fundamental importance, to reproduce the proof, in a form more suited than Bradley's to the epistemological question.
It seems a pity, having made this distinction, to put it to so little use: after a few pages, it is dropped, and no epistemological consequences are drawn from it.
But even then, the psychological question could only arise when the epistemological question had been solved, and could not, therefore, be taken into account in our first investigation.
This doctrine of Bradley and Bosanquet is the converse of the epistemological doctrine I have to advocate.
Let us now consider the epistemological question, as to the sort of knowledge which can be called à priori.
Idealism ceased to be metaphysical and cosmic in order to become epistemological and personal.
Zeus-like in shooting his thunder bolts, albeit thunder bolts of conversation against that soft epistemological core of a man's mind which realized that nothing was known absolutely, he could easily impart the venom of doubt.
With the act of knowing stripped of its technique and left a bare, unique, indescribable act or relation, the foundations for epistemological and metaphysical logic were laid.
The conception of these operations as the private functions of an organism is the forerunner of the epistemological predicament.
At least this is true for the scientist who has no interest in anepistemological problem that does not affect his scientific undertakings in one way nor another.
But, replies some one so obsessed with the epistemological point of view that he assumes that the prior account is a rival epistemology in disguise, all this involves no change in Reality, no difference made to Reality.
I have endeavored to present the world which is an implication of the scientific method of discovery with entire abstraction from any epistemological or metaphysical presuppositions or complications.
For only the epistemological predicament leads to "presentations" being regarded as cognitions of things which were previously unpresented.
This transcendental psychology is the necessary complement of the more purelyepistemological analysis.
In other words, the objective deduction is logical, or, to use a post-Kantian term, epistemological in character.
In its epistemological use, the term "knowledge" has a blanket value which is absolutely unknown in common life.
Now the epistemological logician deliberately shuts himself off from those cues and checks upon which the plain man instinctively relies, and which the scientific man deliberately searches for and adopts as constituting his technique.
In fine, logic is supposed to grow out of the epistemological inquiry and to lead up to its solution.
We also avoid the contradiction which haunts every epistemological scheme so far propounded.
But the discussions are largely carried on in terms of an epistemological dualism, rendering the solution of the problem impossible in virtue of the very terms in which it is stated.
He finds among the writers of this school, however, a tendency toward the epistemological interpretation of thought which he so strongly opposes.
Dewey favors the naive standpoint, and affirms that presentative realism is tainted by an epistemological subjectivism.
The acceptance of the doctrine that all sense involves knowledge, Dewey believes, leads to an epistemological logic; but all perception must involve thought if the 'given' is the simple sensation.
Dewey assures us again that his method alone will solve the epistemological problem.
The epistemological problem of the relation of the mind to reality becomes, accordingly, the raison d'etre of his method.
Epistemological logic concerns itself with the relation of thought at large to reality at large.
Speculative philosophy repudiated, long ago, the 'epistemological standpoint' as defined by Dewey.
Epistemological Realism: The Alleged Ubiquity of the Knowledge Relation," pp.
In Kant the basic social interest is buried under epistemological cobwebs; yet not so choked but that it finds very resolute voice at last.
Here are men suffering, said Spinoza, here are men enslaved by passions and prelates and kings; surely till these things are dealt with we have no time for epistemological delicacies.
Surely the mathematical judgment, or any other, does not require an epistemological midwife to effect the passage from internal to external meaning.
Only the epistemological spectator is aware of the fact that the everyday man and the scientific man in this free and easy intercourse are rashly assuming the right to glide over a cleft in the very structure of reality.
If such be the case, it is clear that the very way in which the epistemological type of logic states the problem of thinking, in relation both to empirical antecedents and to objective truth, makes that problem insoluble.
And the epistemological logician, in choosing to take his question as one of thought which has its own form just as "thought," apart from the limits of the special work it has to do, has deprived himself of these supports and stays.
This change in the conception of the character of the ideas, with no corresponding change in the conception of reality, marks the divorce of thought and reality and the rise of the epistemological problem.
The problem with which Kant is concerned in the Transcendental Æsthetic is primarily the epistemological problem: "How do we come to have knowledge of geometry a priori?
It is a metaphysical question whether all sensibilia are sense-data, and an epistemological question whether there exist means of inferring sensibilia which are not data from those that are.
The fundamental epistemological principle in the analysis of propositions containing descriptions is this: Every proposition which we can understand must be composed wholly of constituents with which we are acquainted.
Concerning sense-data, we know that they are there while they are data, and this is the epistemological basis of all our knowledge of external particulars.
But we have seen, both on logical and on epistemological grounds, that this is an error.
They are compared with undertakings of a wholly different nature, with an epistemological theory of knowledge, and the assumptions of this extraneous theory are taken as a ready-made standard by which to test their validity.
The entire epistemological industry is one--shall I say it--of a Sisyphean nature.
Since the essence of subjectivism is epistemological rather than metaphysical, its practical and religious implications are various.
The other great epistemological controversy does not bear so direct and simple a relation to the central metaphysical issues, and must be examined on its own account.
It is true that this practical realism threatens the tenability of an epistemological idealism, but the two have been united, and because of their common emphasis upon the individual such procedure is not entirely inconsequential.
This principle when expressed as an epistemological or metaphysical generalization, is called phenomenalism.
Now it is at once evident that the epistemological theory which has been Berkeley's dialectical weapon in the foregoing argument is no longer available.
Realism in the old sense will, if held, come within the scope of the broader epistemological realism defined above.
Sidenote: The Application of theEpistemological Principle.
This is a metaphysical spiritualism quite distinct from epistemological spiritualism, and by no means easily made consistent therewith.
The problem of knowledge so stated sets going the whole epistemological movement of the eighteenth century, from Locke through Berkeley and Hume to Kant.
By Subjectivism is meant that system of philosophy which construes the universe in accordance with the epistemological principle that all knowledge is of its own states or activities.
This theory is epistemological to the extent of granting knowledge, viewed as perception, as good a standing in the universe as that which is accorded to its object.
Absolute idealism arises from a union of this epistemological motive with a recognition of what are regarded as the logical necessities to which reality must submit.
Its epistemological difficulties, always more or less in evidence, have since that day sufficed to discredit materialism, and to foster the growth of a critical and apologetic form of naturalism known as positivism or agnosticism.
A modest and small band of inquirers there were, however, to whom Kirchhoff's few words were tidings of a welcome and powerful ally in the epistemological field.
This account of perception leaves out the real epistemological question as to how the knowledge is generated by the external world, or what it is in itself.
The slight extent to which it has dealt with its own epistemological doctrines has been due solely to their laying the foundation of its structure of interpretative maxims, and not to writing philosophy for its own sake.
The question wherein consists the prâmâ.nya of knowledge has not only an epistemological and psychological bearing but a metaphysical one also.
What is free of epistemological doubt is that almost all the science that has emerged has reclaimed interest in the living.
In this experience, two aspects of language come under scrutiny: the epistemological and the communicational.
This dual identity-observer and integral part of the observed phenomena-raises ethical, axiological, and epistemological aspects almost impossible to reconcile.
The epistemological made into a subject of fiction-how do we know what we know?
They also illustrate how a new epistemological condition is established, one that is based on projecting explanatory models upon the world and testing them for appropriateness and coherence.
In the epistemological status, we evaluate how language is a medium for embodying science and shaping the perspective of scientific inquiry.
We mentioned Heisenberg's speech as a symptom of a certain tendency, characteristic of the latest phase in science, to survey critically its own epistemological foundations.
It took from him what it wanted for its purpose without concerning itself with the epistemological principle which had led him to his discovery.
My account of truth is realistic, and follows the epistemological dualism of common sense.
But few things could be sillier than to ignore the priorepistemological edifice in which the window is built, or to talk as if pragmatism began and ended at the window.
It is a sort of mental equivalent for them, their epistemological function, their value in noetic terms.
To this question I shall have to give a very prosaic answer--one that traverses the pre-possessions not only of common sense and scholasticism, but also those of nearly all the epistemological writers whom I have ever read.
If this comes at all when I know your headache, it comes not with the object, but quite on my side of the "epistemological gulf.
Agreement with reality, where reality meansepistemological reality, is satisfactory for the same reason.
These patterns provide an organizing framework for asking epistemological questions of caring in nursing.
Carper's (1978) four patterns of knowing serve as an organizing framework for asking epistemological questions of caring in nursing.
Schleiermacher in his dialectic regards logic from the standpoint of epistemological realism, in which the real deliverances of the senses are conceptually transformed by the spontaneous activity of reason.
This at least ought--one would say--to have been made clear by the century of discussion over the epistemological problem, since Kant.
But if we really go back to epistemological principles, our system has to prefer the latter emphasis; that is, we must coordinate mathematics with logic and not with physics.
Wundt, therefore, develops a logic which one may call epistemological methodological, and which stands between the extremes of formal logic and metaphysical logic.
After Aristotle's death logic lapsed into a formalism more and more removed from any vital connection with reality and oblivious to the profound epistemological and methodological questions that Aristotle had at least raised.
These are in part corollaries of the law of the conservation of energy, rightly interpreted, and in part epistemological considerations.
The third change relates to the distinction of the empirical and intelligible Ego, which Kant connected closely, almost indissolubly with his main epistemological thought of the formal rationalisms immanent in experience.
Such an inquiry would have nothing to do with the epistemological problem of pragmatism; it would be strictly non-philosophical, just as the separation of chemistry into organic and inorganic chemistry.
Even to-day the question regarding the meaning and the validity of the causal connection stands between these contrary directions of epistemological research; and the ways leading to its answer separate more sharply than ever before.
Kant's departure in logic is based on anepistemological examination of the nature of judgment, and on the answer to his own question, "How are synthetic judgments a priori possible?
Nothing can be of any assistance here except a decisive renunciation of those epistemological positions which contradict the results of psychology, and which are themselves only doctrinaire consequences from other positions.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "epistemological" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
