A coleus cion was placed upon a tomato plant and was simply bound with raffia.
The cion remained green and healthy, and at the end of forty-eight days the bandage was removed, but it was found that no union had taken place.
Sphagnum moss was used in many cases tied in a small mass about the union, but unless the parts were well bandaged the cion sent roots into the moss and did not unite, and in no case did moss appear to possess decided advantages.
The fame [Sidenote: The inuen- cion of the Poet Ouide to compare a wicked man, to a Wolue.
Samia[n]s deliuered of this destruc- cion and warre, receiued Esope at his retourne with many honours.
Sidenote: Good educa- cionthe foun- dacion of the Romaine Empire.
Dissen- cion and cruell warre was emong the[m], through the diuersitie of diuers kinges in the lande.
Then thirdlie place the morall, whiche is the interpreta- cion annexed to the Fable, for the fable was inuented for the moralles sake.
This consists in cutting off the stock, splitting it and inserting a wedge-shaped cion in one or both sides of the split, taking care that the cambium layer of the cion matches that of the stock.
In both cases the success of the operation depends upon the growing together of the cambium of the cion (or cutting) and that of the stock.
Both stock and cion are cut across diagonally, and a split made in each, so that one fits into the other.
The part which is removed and set into the stock is called a cion if it is a piece of a branch, or a bud if it is only a single bud with a bit of tissue attached.
The greater part of Grafting and budding is done when thecion or bud is nearly or quite dormant.
Therefore, the line of demarcation between the bark and the wood should coincide when the cion and stock are joined.
Sidenote: A cloud called of the Italians Cion most dangerous.
The cion is cut with two buds, the wedge being started at the lower bud.
The cleft in the stock is then opened, and the cioninserted so that the cambium of stock and cion are in intimate contact.
The cion may be grafted on a stock rooted in the nursery the previous season, much the same methods being used as with cuttings.
Regrafting is done one joint lower than the first operation to avoid dead wood; this brings the union below the surface of the ground, and the vineyardist must expect manycion roots to try his patience.
Stock and cion cuttings are now graded to exactly the same diameters, this being necessary to secure perfection in the unions.
It has been learned in these regions that a grafted vine, to be a permanent success, must have the consorting parts perfectly united, and that the sooner the grafting is done in the life of stock and cion the better the union.
Two or three times during the summer, sprouts coming from the stock or roots from the cion should be removed.
Three methods of uniting stock and cion are illustrated in Fig.
It suffices to mound the graft to the top of the cion with earth, for the purposes of protection and to keep the graft moist.
Space suffices, here, however, to mention only those proved and those having to do with the influence of the stock on the cionwhen the grape is grafted.
For this purpose the hill of soil is scraped away from the union and after the cion roots and suckers are removed it is replaced.
The stock is cut off at the crown and the cion spliced on it, or the root may be cut in two or more pieces and each piece receive a cion.
The top of the stock is cut away; in the merchantable tree, the bend or place may be seen where the stock and cion meet.
The cion starts growth rapidly, only one shoot being allowed to remain; this shoot forms the trunk or bole of the future tree.
However accomplished, the process is to supply the cion with roots; it is planted in another plant instead of in the ground.
The requirement is to cause the cion and stock to grow together solidly, making one piece of wood.
The cion is a cutting of the last year's growth (as of No.
In either kind of grafting, thecion carries about three leaf-buds.
These ways are dictated largely by the relative sizes of cion and stock, although many of them are matters of mere personal preference.
The underlying principles are two: see that there is close contact between the cambiums ofcion and stock; cover the wounded surfaces to prevent evaporation and to protect the parts from disease.
Therefore, the cionis set in the side of the stock.
Each cion may be a different variety; but there is no difference in the operation or the treatment of the tree.
In order that union may take place, the cambium of the cion and the stock must come together.
The completed thing--the cion growing in the stock--is a graft.
So he grafts them when they still are young,--takes a cion from the kind which he wishes to perpetuate.
As a stock for the European and Japanese sorts, it does dwarf them, and the cion tends to outgrow the stock at the point of union, causing an enlargement.
The peach cion rapidly overgrows the stock and the tree can hardly be expected to be long lived.
Under the terms of the problem it is impossible that the stock and the cion which are wedded together should be very closely related.
After this pear cion has grown one year, the refractory variety is budded upon this pear shoot.
As yf a man wolde prayse the kynges hyghnes / or dysprayse some yll persone / it must be done by an ora[-] cion demonstratiue.
And so taketh sai[n]t Nazianzene beneuolence in his sayd ora- cion for sainct Basile.
Camillus maketh the preamble of his ora[-] cion thus.
So Tulli in his ora[-] cion made for Lucius Flaccus / to unproue the witnes that was brought against him by Grekes / layeth vnto them the lightnes of theyr contrey.
IN this kynde we vse but selden hole narracions / oneles we make our ora[-] cion afore them that know nat the history of the acte or dede whiche we be aboute to prayse.
Fyrst in few wordes and playne to declare the significa[-] cion of the worde to our purpose / and after suche maner as may seme resonable to the audience.
THe frenche men in olde tyme made myghty warre agaynste the Romaynes / and so sore be- sieged theym that they were by compul- cion constrayned to fall to composicion [C.
There are many ways in which the union betweencion and stock is made.
This consists in cutting off the stock, splitting it, and inserting a wedge-shaped cion in one or both sides of the split, taking care that the cambium layer of the cion matches that of the stock.
The part which is removed and set into the stock is called a cion if it is a piece of a branch, or a "bud" if it is only a single bud with a bit of tissue attached.
In both cases the success of the operation depends on the growing together of the cambium of the cion (or cutting) and that of the stock.
The greater part of grafting and budding is performed when the cion or bud is nearly or quite dormant.
If the new growth or shoot to be employed as a cion is slender and feeble, then the base of the cion may be of two-year-old wood, leaving just a bud or two on the upper end of the one-year shoot.
The cion should not be much over four inches long, and a less length is preferable, but not so convenient for handling.
I have found, in practice, that this sealing the end of the cion is time well spent; in fact, to leave any of the wood cells exposed to the air endangers the success of the operation.
He says that the cion should be cut, as much as possible, obliquely across the pith, so that it may be exposed on one side only.
Of course, small chestnut stocks may be grafted close to the ground, but there is nothing really gained by this, for a good strong stock will push a cion forward more in one season than a weak stock in two or three seasons.
By giving thecion and stock two or three months in which to form granulations and cohesion, there would be more certainty of success.
In stocks of an inch or less in diameter, one cion is sufficient, the top of the stock to be cut off with an upward slope, as shown in Fig.
One good prominent bud on each cion is sufficient, and this left near the upper end, but on short-jointed wood we may use cions with two or more buds without greatly increasing their length.
Each cion, in wedge-grafting, is cut in the shape of a wedge; the whole cion need not be over three to four inches in length.
If the diameter of the limb to be grafted is more than an inch, it is best to insert two grafts, placed so that each cion will stand near the edge of the cut, in juxtaposition with the bark of the limb.
A cion with a bud adhering to the wood is cut in a sort of oval shape, and inserted in a cavity made of the same shape, and just below an eye which has commenced growing.
In all grafting it should be borne in mind, that it is essential for the bark of the cion and that of the stock to touch each other in some point, and the more the points of contact, the greater will be the chance of success.
This cion can then be inserted in the cleft as far as the wedge is cut, being very careful to make the bark of the cionfit exactly to that of the stock.
In the course of two or three weeks, if every thing is favorable, the cion will begin to unite, and will be ready to go forward with advancing vegetation.
Rind-grafting is also sometimes practiced, but is more uncertain than the former, as the swelling of the stock is very apt to force the cion out.
The cion should be cut out and sloped flat on one side, as in b, fig.
When the cion is thus prepared, its cut side is fitted to the side of the stock under the bark, which has been cut and peeled back.
The cion should be about four inches long, with two or more buds upon it.
An inch of the lower part of the cion can be cut in the shape of a wedge, making one side very thin, and on the thick or outer side, leaving a bud opposite to the top of the wedge.
Whip-grafting is performed by cutting a slice of bark with a little wood from the side of a stock about an inch and a half long, and then paring a cion of the usual length down to a very thin lower extremity, as in fig.
When the cion has grown about two inches, the top of the stock is cut off and covered with grafting wax.
This cion can then be accurately fitted on to the place from which the slice of bark and wood is taken.
The cion is then placed in the lower part of this cavity, in the same manner as with cleft grafting.
The black walnut proved to be the best stock for the Persian walnut and two buds to the cion are required.
Grafting wax should not be used if the union of cion and stock is to be covered with earth; this point was clearly proven in previous years.
These men usually charge by the stub and warrant, the warrant meaning that one cion of the stub must be alive when the counting is done late in summer.
The one essential point is to make sure that the cambium layers, lying between the bark and wood, meet as nearly as possible in the cion and stock.
The flattened upper part is then wrapped around the cion upon either side, completely and tightly encircling it.
The stalks should then be cut off at the crown and the cion inserted.
The line of separation between the bark and wood in the cion should meet as nearly as possible the similar line in the stock.
In other cases, union with an uncongenial stock is facilitated by allowing the cion to project downwards beyond the point of union and to stand in the soil or moss or a dish of water.
The cion is applied an inch or two above the surface of the soil, and the stock need not be headed back until the cion has united.
There is no general rule to determine what species of plants should be budded and which ones cion grafted.
In cleft-grafting the stock is cut off squarely and split, and into the split a cion with a wedge-shaped base is inserted.
When the plants are transplanted, the following autumn or spring, the nurse or stock can be removed, the cion having taken root.
The cion strikes roots, and own-rooted trees are obtained.
It is well to split all stubs on such branches horizontally, that one cion may not stand directly under another.
The cion is made from a strong short shoot, destitute of flower-buds, and is set upon a piece of root, as described and figured on a previous page (p.
The union in these cases must be two or three inches above the ground, to prevent the cion from taking root.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "cion" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
