Toward spring it is more difficult to cook them soft, as the cellulose in them becomes harder and they are likely to develop woody fiber.
This procedure, however, has been found to be poor policy, for nothing is gained by it and the salt toughens the cellulose and makes the cucumbers limp and rubbery in texture.
In such a case, the vegetable may be put through a colander or a sieve in order to break up the cellulose and make it easier to digest.
Under ordinary conditions, cellulose should not be avoided, but should be included in large quantities in the diet through the vegetables that are consumed daily.
Therefore, in order to add the much-needed bulk to the diet, foods that do containcellulose should be served with eggs.
In vegetables, the cellulose varies greatly as to quantity, as well as to texture and the amount that can be digested.
The quantity of cellulose that vegetables contain therefore depends largely on their age and condition.
By sufficient cooking, the cellulose of vegetables is softened to the extent that it is less irritating and much more likely to be partly digested than that of raw vegetables.
In reality, this substance and the cellulose they contain are the things that recommend the use of these vegetables in the diet.
However, cooking is the only means of softening the cellulose that surrounds this material.
Therefore any shortage in the supply of cotton andcellulose is a serious matter in war time, for the country which has the most plentiful supply of ammunition is the one that has the greatest relative advantage.
They developed the processes of producing cellulose from wood pulp to take the place of cotton for making guncotton, and certain forms of wood fiber and paper were used in the textile trades.
These stumps contained quantities of turpentine and resin that could be recovered and the resultant pulp after proper treatment could be prepared in suitable form as cellulose for nitration purposes.
For years it had been rumored that the Germans in the manufacture of their smokeless powder had been using, with great success, cellulose produced from wood pulp.
Following out this idea, experimental work was undertaken in an effort to develop cellulose that could be produced from wood pulp in suitable physical form for nitration and which would meet the chemical requirements.
If the vegetable renounced consciousness in wrapping itself in a cellulose membrane, the animal that shut itself up in a citadel or in armor condemned itself to a partial slumber.
In passing now into the condition of rest, the whole protoplasmic mass separates simultaneously into numerous definite polyhedral or parenchymatous cells, each with a well-developed cellulose wall.
The cellulose of the slime-mould looks toward the world of plants.
When the conditions essential to activity are restored, the walls disappear, the cellulose is resorbed, and the plasmodium resumes its usual habit and structure.
The presence of a large amount of cellulose in the food enables us often to satisfy the appetite without injury from overeating.
Thus the diet of civilized man has become woefully impoverished in cellulose and mineral salts, with the result that there is nothing left in the diet to stimulate the liver and the peristaltic activity of the intestinal tract.
The object should be to employ bran as a remedy in chronic cases, and to vary the quantity, the quality, and the cellulose content of the meals.
If diagnosis of the patient reveals the fact that constipation has been caused primarily by overeating, the quantity of food should be reduced, and the articles changed so as to include a generous quantity of cellulose (coarse foods).
They have been shaped by the process of ages to accommodate coarse food, therefore a generous amount of non-nutritive cellulose is absolutely necessary to both the digestion of food and the elimination of waste.
It contains less cellulose fiber, and therefore a larger per cent of digestible nutrients than any one of the cereal group except rice.
NaOH, alkali-cellulose, the original riband-like form with reticulated walls of the cellulose being transformed into a smooth-walled cylinder.
Hydrolysis:--By solution in sulphuric acid followed by dilution and boiling the diluted solution cellulose hydrolyses to fermentable sugars; this reaction is utilized industrially in the manufacture of glucose from rags.
Thus the cellulose nitrates are the bases of our modern high explosives, as well as those now used for military purposes.
These forms of cellulose retain the general characters of the original fibrous and "natural" celluloses.
But these synthetical derivatives are mixtures of cellulose and lignone derivatives, and so far of merely theoretical interest.
The cellulose is present in larger proportion in the stem than in the cap, and in the upper part of the cap than in the fruiting surface.
Unless the meals contain sufficient cellulose in some other form, the use of such salads is an excellent way in which to introduce this material.
Vegetable and fruit salads serve to supply cellulose in the diet.
Of course, the salads composed of foods high in cellulose are lower in food value than others, but the salad dressing usually helps to make up for this deficiency.
It is these formed products of metabolism (Metabolites), especially cellulose and bodies which result from its subsequent transformation, which constitute the main permanent mass of the ordinary plant.
The interior of the tube is filled with cell-sap, and it is the osmotic pressure of this cell-sap which keeps the whole living instrument tense and rigid, and the thin protoplasmic film close pressed against the cellulose cell-wall.
Others are the carbohydrates, such as cellulose, which pass out of the molecule into an insoluble form, and are accumulated outside the protoplasm in the form of cellulose membranes, and so forth.
The manufacture of parchment paper is an example of the practical utility of the chemical reaction between cellulose and acid.
If the fibres are weak and short, the raw material is of little value, and it is at once condemned without further investigation, but should the fibre prove suitable, then the question of the percentage of cellulose becomes important.
When acted upon by alkali it is decomposed into cellulose and acid cellulose, the latter a derivative of unstable composition.
The complex mixture of substances which is associated with cellulosein wood, jute, and other ligno-celluloses.
The industrial applications of cellulose based upon this reaction are described under the special headings.
The oxidation ofcellulose is brought about by several reagents such as chromic acid, hypochlorites of lime and soda, chlorine, and permanganates.
The preparation of a small quantity of cellulose from materials like straw, rope, hemp, the stringy bark of garden shrubs, wood, and bamboo can easily be accomplished without special appliances.
Hydration of the cellulose takes place, and these changes are taken advantage of in the production of mercerised cloth (so named from the discoverer of the reaction, Mercer).
The reason why rag papers are so permanent is that not only is the chemical condition of the cellulose of the highest order, but the physical structure of the fibre is such that the strength of the finished paper is also a maximum.
This product, a white, non-structureless, friable powder, is obtained by treating cellulose with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid of moderate strength.
The object of the paper-maker is to obtain a maximum yield of cellulose residue at a minimum of cost.
Cellulose under suitable conditions can be dissolved, but it cannot be reproduced in structural form identical with the original substance.
The resistant power of the cellulose is, however, broken down by the use of acid and alkali in concentrated form.
Straw cellulose cannot be utilised in the place of esparto, particularly for light bulky papers.
A very slight alkaline treatment, followed by bleaching, is sufficient to remove the non-fibrous constituents of the plant, and a large yield of cellulose is obtained.
Starches, dextrins, and celluloseor vegetable fiber are made of many simple glucose groups, and are hence called polysaccharids.
Cellulose cannot be digested and simply serves to add bulk to the diet.
The substance of the cell wall is called cellulose (cotton and flax fibers consist of almost pure cellulose).
Within the last few years several mills have been established for the manufacture of cellulose from wood.
In the American Patent Office no less than one hundred and twenty patents have been taken out in connection with cellulose since 1870.
A list of the objects of which cellulose is the basis would form a curious example of recent invention.
Here also belong the gums and cellulose found in fruit, cereals, and all vegetables which form the basis of the plant cells and fibers.
The lowest layer consists of a white powder, or starch, and above it lie coarser fragments of cellulose and other matters.
The dried legumes must be soaked overnight in water and then cooked for a long time, in order to soften the cellulose and develop the flavour.
In very young vegetables the cellulose is delicate and, if young vegetables do not contain much starch, they may be eaten raw.
If the vegetables contain starch or tough cellulose, they will require cooking; as raw starch is indigestible, and the harsh cellulose may be too irritating to the digestive tract.
They are beneficial also to the body, because their cellulose acts mechanically on the digestive organs by stimulating them to action.
In old or exceedingly large vegetables the cellulose may be very tough; hence a long period of cooking is necessary.
Cooking softens the cellulose of the fruit and, therefore, renders some fruits more easy of digestion.
With few exceptions they should be eaten raw, because the mineral salts, being soluble, are lost in the water in which they are cooked and because the cellulose serves its purpose best in the crisp form.
The digestibility of the cereals depends upon the amount of cellulose which they contain and the thoroughness of the cooking.
They make up from 88 to 99 per cent of the leaf or stem, and essentially the whole both of the cellulose of the walls and the protoplasm of the contents.
Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen; and celluloseor plant-wall, starch, sugar, etc.
To prepare the filament the cellulose threads are cut into the proper lengths, bent into horseshoe shape, double loops, or any desired form, and then folded round carbon formers and immersed in plumbago crucibles.
Boiling water bursts starch grains, and is absorbed by the swelling starch, and softens the cellulose in cereals and vegetables.
The bacterial action or fermentation in the human intestines may cause a small amount of cellulose to be digested, but the quantity is of no consequence from a nutritive point of view.
Cellulose can be digested by strong acids into simple carbohydrates, in the same way that starch may be.
Were these cellulose walls within the wheat grain, as this theory commonly teaches, flour would show a liberal quantity of cellulose.
Man, in the process of preparing his food, has invented expensive and complicated machinery for removing all cellulose and roughness from his diet.
Sidenote: Reasons given for cooking starch] The statement is frequently made that the starch of grain cannot be digested without cooking, because the cells enclosing the starch grains have indigestible or insoluble cellulose walls.
The cellulose wall theory, as a necessity for cooking starch, is an excellent illustration of the ease with which a groundless statement or theory may be used to prove or to explain some popular prejudice.
Even when the skins are broken, if served with the pulp, much of the nutritive material of the legume is wasted, because it is impossible for the digestive processes to free it from the cellulose material of which the skins are composed.
Carrots contain more water than parsnips, and both much cellulose and little nutritive material.
Aside from the skin and seeds, all fruits consist essentially of two parts,--the cellulose structure containing the juice, and the juice itself.
When the material is cooked, the next step is to make it homogeneous throughout, and to remove any skins or cellulose material it may contain.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "cellulose" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
