Germany is especially rich in Romanesque churches, which, like those of Belgium, are of basilican plan with flat roofs.
Demetrius at Salonika, of basilican plan with transepts at the eastern end, nave arcades resembling those of S.
To quote but two cases in point, relics of a circular one with a small apse at the eastern end have been found at Antepellius in Asia Minor, and of one of the basilican type at Silchester in England.
Another very fine early basilican church in Rome is that of S.
Elsewhere in Belgium are several flat-roofed churches of basilican plan, some with ambulatories in the French style but no apsidal chapels.
In addition to the early churches of basilicanplan are a few of circular form, such as that at Rome enshrining the tomb of S.
Lorenzo are also of basilican plan, and have both the somewhat rare feature of galleries over the aisles.
They were very early familiar with the dome, and employed it in churches of a basilican ground-plan even before it was adopted in the Roman Empire.
In other cities of the Roman empire are many noteworthy early basilican churches, including S.
Both are of the same general plan as the other basilican churches described, with certain differences in minor details, including in the more modern portion a low marble screen dividing the choir and altar from the nave.
The decline and fall of Rome arrested the development of the basilican style in the West, as did the Arab conquest later in Syria.
The early churches of this province and of Hildesheim (where architecture flourished under the favor of the bishops, as elsewhere under the royal influence) were of basilican plan and destitute of vaulting, except in the crypts.
Along with these modifications of the basilican plan should be noticed a great increase in the height and slenderness of all parts of the structure.
Occasionally the basilican arrangement was followed, with columnar arcades separating the aisles.
Subdued by the Byzantine emperor Justinian in 537, Ravenna became the meeting-ground for Early Christian and Byzantine traditions and the basilican and circular plans are both represented.
But the basilican style, which had so well served her purposes in the earlier centuries and on classic soil, was ill-suited to the new conditions.
The basilican form of church became general in Italy, a large proportion of whose churches continued to be built with wooden roofs and with but slight deviations from the original type, long after the appearance of the Gothic style.
The new style, reaching, and in time overcoming, the conservatism of the Church, overthrew the old basilican traditions.
More frequently the chapels form a range along the east side of the transepts, especially in the Franciscan churches, which otherwise retain many basilican features.
In Constantinople there remains but a single representative of thebasilican type, the church of +St. John Studius+, now the Emir Akhor mosque.
The basilican style was complete in itself, possessing no seeds of further growth.
Occasional exceptions to these types are met with, as in thebasilican wooden-roofed church of S.
It is also believed that the cardinal's hat is a modification of the umbrella in the basilican churches.
The Greeks used it as a mystic symbol in some of their sacred festivals, and the Romans introduced the custom of hanging an umbrella in the basilican churches as a part of the insignia of office of the judge sitting in the basilica.
The church of St Martino at Arliano near Lucca belongs to the first half of the 8th century; it is of basilicanplan (see G.
Irene, notwithstanding the serious restorations it underwent in the sixth century and again in the eighth, retains so much of its early basilican type that it can claim a place among the churches of the older style.
The object which these men set themselves to accomplish was to combine the advantages of a basilican edifice with the advantages of a domical building.
The combination of basilican and domical features which it displays is a tribute at once to the influence of old tastes and to the influence of a new fashion.
Its most striking feature is the dome, which replaces the flat, wooden roof used in the basilican [15] Churches of Italy.
The Romanesque church departed from the basilican plan by the introduction of transepts, thus giving the building the form of a Latin cross.
But before speaking of the basilican and other churches of this time, the Misericordia at Vianna do Castello must be described.
We have already noticed that possibly the Basilican arrangement might be providentially ordered with reference to this.
Now such a view as this will explain satisfactorily how a Christian church might be progressively developed from a Basilican model.
Among the chief opposers of the system we may mention Mr. Coddington of Ware, who sees perfection in the clumsiness of Basilican arrangements, and schism in the developed art of the middle ages.
In discussing Mr. Lewis's illustrations of Kilpeck church, we touched upon the Basilican origin of churches considered as an argument against the reception of the symbolical theory.
Sharpe, in a paper read before the Cambridge Camden Society, described the gradual typical additions' to the Basilican ground plan.
We suspect that Thiers is wrong in construing appodiatio by muraille d'appui: the latter would well express the real Basilican arrangement, with which the translator was probably acquainted.
The usual representations of Basilican churches, however, always show some rails, or cancelli, besides this appodiation.
In Italy, apart from Rome, the most remarkable basilican churches are the two dedicated to S.
Other basilican churches in the East which deserve notice are those of the monastery of St Catherine on Mt.
Constantinople preserved till recently a basilican church of the 5th century, that of St John Studios, 463, now a ruin.
The fine-columned basilica of St Mauritius, near Hildesheim, dates from the 11th century, and the basilicanform has been revived in the noble modern basilica at Munich.
Still, late in the thirteenth century, they again used up the old marble columns; but they now used a flat capital, by which the additions of this time may be distinguished from the genuine basilican work.
This last feature, grand in itself, takes away from the perfection of the basilican design, and carries us away into Northern lands.
The church itself is of the same basilican type as the other, but in less good preservation.
But, though the basilican arrangement forbade the use of the vault, yet the step taken at Spalato was not without its effect on later vaulted buildings.
It doubtless resembled the basilican churches at Salonica, either with clearstory windows, as in S.
The domed basilica remains always an oblong building, and whilst the two sides to north and south are symmetrical, the western end retains the basilican characteristics--it has no gallery or arcade communicating with the central area.
Of the basilicanform the only example in Constantinople that retains its original plan is S.
Relative advantages of the basilican and the centralised plan 12 9.
The vaulted half-dome of the basilican apse was a simple matter, compared with the mighty dome of Santa Sophia and its cluster of abutting half-domes.
The basilican plan was doubtless the ideal of English builders during the sixth and early seventh centuries, but an ideal which was hard to compass where good building material was not plentiful.
The foundations of a small Romano-British basilican church have been discovered at Silchester in Hampshire.
In these there is an apse at one end of the building; and, if we imagine aisles added by the piercing of the walls with rows of arches and columns, we have at once the essential features of the basilican plan.
To this is due the adoption, from the beginning, of the aisled plan in our larger churches, where it is a direct inheritance from the basilican plan.
The plan of the old basilica of St Peter at Rome, founded by Constantine the Great, and destroyed early in the sixteenth century to make way for the present church, explains the principal features of the basilican plan in its developed state.
Of the two types of plan, which can be studied so satisfactorily at Ravenna, the ordinary basilican type is the more convenient.
At Santa Sophia, the basilican chancel forms an indissoluble part of a centralised plan; but this feat is beyond the reach of an ordinary architect.
It may be stated, as a tentative conclusion, that the basilican plan probably had its origin in an aisleless form of building, and thus pursued a course directly opposite to the development of the secular basilica.
Such halls may have been used for Christian services; and if their plan was adopted for the Christian basilica, the mature state of the basilican plan at its first appearance can be explained.
In England, as in other portions of the Roman empire, we might naturally expect to find the basilican plan applied to the earliest Christian churches.
The upper church is basilican in form, the nave being, as customary in Coptic churches, divided into three sections by wooden screens, which are adorned by carvings in ivory and wood.
The plan of the ancient church has been traced; it was Basilican in form, with aisles and an apse.
Comacines find it, just as they acquired their Basilican forms, on Italian soil?
We have, however, seen that in the north of Italy the Comacines had been, for the past century or two, buildingBasilican churches on precisely this plan.
Yet, as we have seen, they so far improved on these, as to build several Basilicanchurches which might be called grand for the time, though still holding close to traditional forms.
The Basilican form, too, has vanished; we have now the nave and transepts of the Latin cross.
Here are certainly Italian artists, Italian basilican forms, and Italian nomenclature, among the Greeks working at Sta Sofia.
The Basilican church of the period has been so often described that it will not be necessary to give a detailed description of it.
Agnese fuori le mura, at Rome, which though originally said to have been founded by Constantine, is not of Greek form, but preserves a perfect Basilican plan.
In Rome itself hardly any, if any, contributions were made to its growth, and there as late as the 12th century the early Christian form of basilican church continued to be built.
Constantine is said to have built three churches in Palestine, but these have either disappeared or have been reconstructed since; an early basilican church is that of St John Studius (the Baptist) in Constantinople, dating from A.
With one or two small exceptions all the churches follow the basilican plan, with nave and aisles separated by arcades, the arches of which are carried by columns, four arches on each side in the smaller churches, ten in the largest.
The ordinary basilican plan was adhered to, but as the architects and workmen came from Constantinople, they incorporated in the building various details of the Byzantine style, with which they were best acquainted.
From what has already been said with reference to the great changes made when it was proposed to vault the early Lombard basilican churches, those of equal importance which were carried out in St Mark's will be better understood.
A similar transformation took place in the church of Santa Fosca at Torcello, where a single large dome was contemplated over the centre of the original basilican church, but was never built.
These two examples of the basilican style are clear and distinct.
There are other churches which have basilican features, but do not belong to the period before Justinian, and are worthy of detailed examination.
The apse of the Chapel of Queen's on the left belongs to a building already spoken of, which is the most perfect example of a small basilican church in Oxford.
Circular and polygonal buildings for use as baptisteries, and sometimes as churches, existed both in the basilican and the Romanesque time.
The Plan or floor-disposition of the basilican churches, as has been pointed out, was distinctive.
In the basilican style mouldings occur but seldom: where met with, they are all of the profiles common in Roman architecture, but often rudely and clumsily worked.
The basilican churches always possess a clerestory, and usually side windows in the aisles; and this arrangement is generally followed in Romanesque buildings, though sometimes, in Germany, the clerestory is omitted.
Eastern as well as in basilican churches, they bear a tolerably close resemblance to classic ones.
The origin of this custom of hanging an Umbrella in the Basilican churches is plain enough.
In the Basilican churches of Rome is suspended a large Umbrella, and the cardinal who took his title from the church has the privilege of having an Umbrella carried over his head on solemn processions.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "basilican" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
