There is another special use of hypodermic atropine which I have not seen mentioned by any one but myself, but which is probably very important, namely, in ophthalmic neuralgia where acute iritis, or especially glaucoma, seems coming on.
Emmetropia, determined withatropine on both sides and good visual acuteness.
Mydriasis by atropine had no influence whatever on the squint, therefore, on December 31st, convex spectacles 2 D.
Ophthalmoscopically withatropine the same degree of hypermetropia.
In mydriasis by atropine hypermetropia of 3 to 4 dioptres results.
The action ofatropine in arresting the deadly work of poisoning by amanitine had been foreshadowed by Schmidberg and Koppe, and dwelt upon in numerous published articles by Mr. Julius A.
The administration of atropine soon after giving the poison when cardiac inhibition was present, caused a slight temporary rise of blood pressure but did not affect the dilated condition of the blood vessels.
The inhibition of the heart may be pronounced as an early condition, but the pressure does not return to the normal after this disappears, either from giving atropine or from cutting the pneumogastric nerves.
Palmer, to whom more than any other is due the branding of the murderous members of the Amanita family; but for the first time atropine was used upon the human system to ward their blows.
In some experiments atropine was administered at the same time the poison was given and in others before it.
The lethal dose was no larger when atropine was given than when no antidote was used.
All these facts put together point to the existence of some other poison or poisons in the Amanita muscaria to which atropine is not an antidote.
Atropine merely removes the inhibition of the heart which occurs as an early symptom.
Two full doses of atropine were given hypodermatically as well as 10 cc.
There can be no doubt, therefore, of the antidotal value of atropine for poisoning by Amanita muscaria.
In four experiments on dogs in which atropine was given either at the same time as the poison or before it, the average lethal dose was .
The antidotal value of atropine is very slight, if indeed it has any action other than removing the temporary cardiac inhibition.
If the heart is beating slowly, atropine should be given in liberal doses.
If through carelessness, or by accident, a poisonous Amanita has been eaten, and sickness results, take an emetic at once, and send for a physician with instructions to bring hypodermic syringe and atropine sulphate.
Thus atropine will save life after three and a half times the fatal dose of physostigmine has been taken, but will hasten the end if four or more times the fatal dose has been ingested.
In patients under thirty the pupil should be dilated with atropine and the lens allowed to absorb--assisted at a later date by needling, when the eye has entirely settled down after the original injury.
Atropine is instilled either at the time of operation or at the first dressing, and continued until all signs of redness of the eye have disappeared.
The pupil should be kept dilated subsequently by the use of atropine twice a day until the lens has become absorbed.
The iris should be carefully replaced and the pupil kept under the influence of eserine until the anterior chamber has re-formed, when atropine should be substituted.
Atropine in both eyes is desirable, especially when there is any tendency to convergence.
Energetic treatment with atropine and hot fomentations locally, with the internal administration of iron, is indicated.
The operation is done under cocaine, atropinehaving been previously instilled.
Atropine ointment is applied daily to the conjunctival sac.
The pupil should be kept dilated with atropine subsequently, as a certain amount of irido-cyclitis following the operation is not infrequent.
Atropine should be instilled if there be any signs of infiltration around the wound.
If there be a tendency to convergence, glasses should be worn and atropine used.
A pencil, drawn over the sole of the foot, occasioned a visible shrinking movement, and, on looking once more at the eyes, I detected a slight change that told me that the atropine was beginning to take effect.
I opened my bag and took out my hypodermic case from which I extracted a little tube of atropine tabloids.
Taking my hypodermic case from my bag, I prepared in the syringe a full dose of atropine sulphate, which I injected forthwith into the unconscious man's arm.
If it is evaporated, a residue containing the colchicine, digitaline and traces of atropine (mixed possibly with a minute quantity of picrotoxine, which is here left out of consideration) is obtained.
In case bichloride of platinum causes a precipitate and sulphuric acid fails to produce the yellow coloration referred to above, the presence of either atropine or codeine is indicated.
If it be soluble, it may consist of aconitine, atropine or codeine; if insoluble, of emetine or morphine.
In reply to the queries, Was atropine administered in all the cases?
That in atropine we have an antidote, and it should be pushed heroically from the earliest inception of the action of the poison.
If from eight to twelve hours have elapsed, the physician may rest assured that amanitine is present, and should administer one-sixtieth of a grain of atropine at once.
That the use of atropine was begun too late and not used heroically enough.
This atropine is intended to be injected hypodermically, and the treatment repeated every half-hour until one-twentieth of a grain has been given, or the patient's life saved.
I feel convinced that it was by means of the atropine that I saved three of the five patients.
It is true that Schmidt had received pure atropine under the name of daturine, for I have proved most conclusively that the so-called daturine supplied by Trommsdorff, of Erfurt, is pure atropine and nothing else.
I should fancy that the above particulars are sufficent to completely differentiate atropine from all the other mydriatic alkaloids.
I think, therefore, that both Planta and Schmidt must have worked with a mixture of atropine and hyoscyamine.
The synthetical researches which I have undertaken with a view to explain the constitution of atropine have shown me the necessity of studying the connection of atropine with the other alkaloids, which have an analogous physiological action.
Planta has already tried to show that atropine is identical with the daturine obtained by Geiger and Hesse, founding his opinion on facts which we nowadays look upon as doubtful.
Dragendorff has found atropine in the urine of rabbits fed with belladonna; the separation by the poison is so rapid that it often can only be recognised in the urine during the first hour after the poison has been taken.
Atropine has been separated from putrid matters long after death, nor does it appear to suffer any decomposition by the ordinary analytical operations of evaporating solutions to dryness at 100 deg.
Vitali's reaction was not clearly shown until the mixture was in the proportion of 9 of atropine to 1 of strychnine, but mixtures in the proportion of 3 strychnine and 1 atropine will give distinct mydriasis.
The action of muscarine upon the heart is to excite the inhibitory nerve apparatus, while the action of atropine is to paralyse the same system.
Hence it is proved by analysis and synthesis, that atropine is tropic acid-tropine, just as aconitine is benzoyl-aconine.
If to the heart thus slowed, or even when recently stopped, a minute quantity of atropine be applied, it begins to beat again.
I ask because eyedrops contain atropine, and mademoiselle is suffering from a slight, a very slight, attack of atropine poisoning.
I needn't tell such a clever girl as you that atropine acts first on the throat.
The accused woman declared in her defence, that atropine had been put into the medicine for her husband in mistake by the chemist who had dispensed it.
Then he remembered, that the lady had previously asked him for some morphine for herself, and when he had refused it, she requested some atropine for her dog's eyes.
After a time it occurred to the doctor that the patient's symptoms resembled those of atropine poisoning, and, resorting to other measures, he eventually brought him round.
On further inquiries it was proved that the lady had procured atropine upon various other occasions by copying the doctor's prescription and forging his signature.
At the trial, the medical evidence was very conflicting; but the concensus of opinion was in favour of the theory that atropine had been administered in small, repeated doses.
Coffee andatropine (or belladonna) are the best antidotes.
Atropine (2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.
Its effects resemble those of atropine but occur more promptly and disappear in shorter time.
Atropine may be recognized by its action on the pupil.
Emetics, purgatives, stimulants, with hypodermic injections of strychnine and atropine along with stimulants.
The beneficial effects observed from the use of boracic acid in aural surgery have given it nearly the same position as a curative agent to diseases of the ear which atropine holds to diseases of the eye.
When the cornea is diseased one per cent solution of atropine may be necessary once or twice a day.
Atropine usually made of about the strength of two to four grains Atropine to an ounce of water; or one per cent (1 to 100) may be used, and it should be dropped into the eye from three to six times a day.
One to two per cent solution of Atropine should be put into the eye three to six times a day to keep the pupil dilated and prevent it from adhering to the cornea.
If atropine is put in the eye (one per cent solution) the pupil will not dilate regularly, because at different points the pupillary edge of the iris is held to the lens by an exudate that lightly holds it.
Other salts of Atropine are not described because used substantially like the above.
The action of atropineon the motor nerves is equally important.
Atropine is universally and constantly used in ophthalmic practice in order to dilate the pupil for examination of the retina by the ophthalmoscope, or in cases where the inflamed iris threatens to form adhesions to neighbouring parts.
The symptoms of poisoning by belladonna or atropine are dealt with above.
It is to be noted that children, who are particularly susceptible to the influence of certain of the other potent alkaloids, such as morphine and strychnine, will take relatively large doses of atropine without ill-effect.
No less important than any of the above is the action of atropine on the cerebrum.
But moderate doses of atropine markedly paralyse the terminals of the nerves that go to involuntary muscles, whether the action of those nerves be motor or inhibitory.
Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid or baryta water gives tropic acid and tropine; on the other hand, by boiling equimolecular quantities of these substances with dilute hydrochloric acid, atropine is reformed.
The drug is often replaced in ophthalmology by homatropine--an alkaloid prepared from tropine--which acts similarly to atropine but has the advantage of allowing the ocular changes to pass away in a much shorter time.
The uses of atropine in cardiac affections are still obscure and dubious.
Triturate the atropine sulphate with the sugar until thoroughly mixed; then add the cacao powder and the tincture of vanilla, and triturate again until the color is perfectly uniform.
Mix the atropine sulphate with the vanilla cacao sugar by thorough trituration in a mortar; then compress in a tablet machine, using 3/8-inch die and punches, to make one hundred 0.
This will reduce the numbers of individuals using their antidotes when not needed; and prevent the increased heat stress caused by the effects of atropine on the body's cooling capabilities.
The drug had gone too far for the stomach-pump to be efficacious; the atropine had had no beneficial result, we had no means of applying a magnetic battery, and no time to get one.
Jaborine resembles atropine pharmacologically, and is therefore antagonistic to pilocarpine.
About (1/100)th of a grain of atropine antagonizes half a grain of pilocarpine.
If he had put a little atropine with his morphine, it would have dilated the pupil of at least one of his victim's eyes, and no doctor could have deposed to death by morphine.
No positive diagnosis of her case could be made by the attending physicians until the continued chemical examination of the contents of the body disclosed indisputable evidence of atropine (belladonna).
Sinapine, the alkaloid which exists as sulphocyanate in white mustard seed, yields, under the same reaction as that applied to atropine and piperine, quite different results.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "atropine" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
