The spasmodically adducted vocal cords are partially hidden by the over-hang of the spasmodically prominentventricular hands.
The ventricularfloor is removed with punch forceps (Fig.
The ventricular bands or false vocal cords vicariously phonate in the absence of the true cords, and assist in the protective function of the larynx.
Closure of the larynx is accomplished by the approximation of the ventricular bands, arytenoids and aryepiglottic folds, the latter having a sphincter-like action, and by the raising and tilting of the larynx.
The ventricles are not visible by mirror laryngoscopy, but are readily exposed in their depths by lifting the respective ventricular bands with the tip of the laryngoscope.
The ventricular bands can approximate under powerful stimuli.
The lip of the spatula can then be used to lift the ventricular band so as to expose more of the ventricle.
Usually little more is seen than the two rounded arytenoid masses, and, anterior to them, the ventricular bands in more or less close apposition hiding the cords (Fig.
Radical removal of a papilloma situated, for instance, on the left ventricular band or cord, can in no way prevent the subsequent occurrence of a similar growth at a different site, as upon the epiglottis, or even in the fauces.
The operation of ventriculocordectomy consists in removing a vocal cord and the portion or all of the ventricular floor by means of a punch forceps introduced through the direct laryngoscope.
The tip of the anterior commissure laryngoscope can be used to expose either ventricle of the larynx by lifting the ventricular band, or it may be passed through the adult glottis for work in the subglottic region.
The ventricular bands help but slightly; and the epiglottis and the vocal cords little, if at all.
The supraglottic type consists in an edematous thickening around the base of the epiglottis, sometimes involving also the glossoepiglottic folds and the ventricular bands.
The number of ventricular contractions was increased, but not enough to indicate the complete removal of the heart block.
In the last few years it has been discovered that the auriculoventricular handle, or "bundle of His," has a necessary function of conductivity of auricular impulse to ventricular contraction.
In the second type, where there was normal auricular activity, but where the ventricular contractions were decreased, atropin affected an increase in the number of ventricular contractions, but did not completely remove the heart block.
The immediate following second rise not so high as that of the auricular contraction is known as the ventricular wave, and corresponds to the dicrotic wave in the radial.
Such stimulations may constitute auricular, ventricular or auriculoventricular extra contractions or extrasystoles, as they are termed.
At other times he may be conscious of irregular, strong throbs or pulsations of the heart, as such hearts often give an occasional extra sturdy ventricular contraction.
When ventricular fibrillation occurs, the condition is serious and the prognosis bad.
Various stimuli coming through the pneumogastric nerves, either from above or from the peripheral endings in the stomach or intestines, may inhibit or slow the ventricular contractions.
The ventricularmuscle also aids in the conduction of the stimuli, but at a slower rate, 300 mm.
The attacks of syncope are doubtless due to anemia of the medulla, because of the infrequentventricular contractions.
The complicated nature of the ventricular cavities and the intricacy of the columnae carneae promoted the idea of the presence of minute passages in the interventricular septum.
The upper and lower compartments of the heart (auricles and ventricles) are separated by the auricular-ventricular septums (meaning a separation between the auricle and ventricle).
The coronary sinus is a short venous trunk a little over an inch in length, which occupies the right half of that portion of the auriclo-ventricular groove which lies between the left auricle and ventricle.
Mitral stenosis is a constriction of the left auriculo-ventricular orifice, usually due to valvular endocarditis.
At the same time the growth of all the parts causes the valves to appear to approach the heart, and thus to be placed quite at the top of the ventricular cavities.
The ventricular portion becomes placed on the ventral and right side, while the auricular section is dorsal and to the left.
In the primitive state the ventricular walls have throughout a spongy character; and the auriculo-ventricular valves are simple membranous projections like the auriculo-ventricular valves of Fishes.
The attachment of the auriculo-ventricular valves to the wall of the ventricle, and the similar attachment of the left auriculo-ventricular valves in Birds, have been especially studied by Gegenbaur and Bernays (No.
A pair of simple membranous valves becomes established at the auriculo-ventricular orifice, and further changes take place in the truncus arteriosus.
Anteriorly the ventricular cavity is continued into the truncus, and the venous or auricular portion of the heart is similarly connected behind with the sinus venosus.
As the wall of the ventricle thickens, the muscular trabeculae, connected at one end with the valves, remain at the other end united with the ventricular wall, and form special bands passing between the two.
Externally the ventricular portion as yet shews no division into two parts.
The heart-sounds were regular, and the elevation of the skin by the blade coincided with the ventricular systole.
This division of the heart is one instance in which mammalian ontogeny does not repeat the processes of phylogeny, because, in the human embryo, it has been shown that the ventricular septum appears before the auricular.
The auriculo-ventricular orifice is large and oval, and is directed downward and to the left.
The mitral valve guarding the auriculo-ventricular opening has the same arrangement as the tricuspid, already described, save that there are only two cusps, named marginal and aortic, the latter of which is the larger.
On the left side, opening into the right ventricle, is the right auriculo-ventricular opening.
Between the auricle and ventricle is the auriculo-ventricular valve, which primarily consists of two cusps, comparable to the two endocardial cushions of the human embryo, though in some forms they may be subdivided.
The left auriculo-ventricular valve has three membranous cusps with chordae tendineae attached to them, but the right auriculo-ventricular valve has a large fleshy cusp without chordae tendineae.
The chordae tendineae are fine fibrous cords which fasten the cusps to the musculi papillares and ventricular wall, and prevent the valve being turned inside out when the ventricle contracts.
Eventually these two cushions fuse in the middle line, obliterating the central part of the slit, while the lateral parts remain as the two auriculo-ventricular orifices; this fusion is known as the septum intermedium.
In the Echidna, the other member of the order, however, both auriculo-ventricular valves are membranous.
At the bottom of each auricle is the auriculo-ventricular opening, each provided with a valve to close it when the heart contracts to force the blood into the arteries.
Life depends on ventricular action, not on auricular, and the ventricular reserve is the standard for judgment in these cases.
The examination should be methodical, and should include the vocal cords, ventricular bands, and openings of the ventricles.
The auriculo-ventricular valve in the left side is composed of two flaps, hence it is called the bicuspid valve; in the right side this valve has three flaps and is called the tricuspid valve.
This appearance may be noticed beneath the pericardium, and pervading the whole thickness of the ventricular walls, and in extreme cases those of the fleshy columns in the interior of the heart.
It then passes through the right auriculo-ventricular opening into the right ventricle, thence through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
Dilatation of the heart and imperfect contraction of the auricular and ventricular walls are apt to result in the formation of clots in the cavities of the heart; and this appears to be the immediate cause of death in not a few instances.
Between the ventricular fold and the vocal fold on each side is a linear interval, which indicates the entrance to the ventricle of the larynx.
Above each true cord, and parallel with it, the ventricular fold or false cord is evident as a pink fold of mucous membrane.
Now cut through the middle of the loosened ventricular wall from the apex to the middle of the right auricle, laying it open for observation.
Notice the groove between the ventricles, called the inter-ventricular groove.
Split up the ventricular wall far enough to examine the mitral valve and the chordæ tendineæ from the lower side.
The left ventricular artery (systemic aorta) is formed of the fourth arch of the left side, while the opposite arch (fourth right) is altogether obliterated.
The right ventricular artery would then, through the medium of the ductus arteriosus, supply both the lungs and the system.
The arch of the vessel lies more deeply between the two lungs than does its ventricular origin.
The third negative wave (Vf) appears during ventricular diastole and in the common pause of the heart chambers.
The patient had three convulsions and died with edema of lungs about 30 hours after the attack of ventricular fibrillation.
It is due to the dilatation of its walls, to the displacement of the auriculoventricular septum toward the apex occurring at the time of ventricular systole, and to the pull of the papillary muscles on the tricuspid valve leaflets.
Q, R, S, is the ventricular complex caused, it is thought, by the current passing over the ventricles.
Such hearts always show increase in thickness of the ventricular wall.
Such reductions of the ventricular rate are always associated with an increase of the auricular rate, and it is believed that the latter is the cause of the former.
The ventricular extrasystole on the contrary is commonly seen and readily recognized.
The apoplectiform attacks are most probably caused by venous congestion when the slowing of the ventricular contractions is not sufficient to cause convulsions, but will just cause complete unconsciousness.
Ventricular Fibrillation= Ventricular fibrillation as its name implies, is fibrillation of the ventricle analogous to that of the auricle, but the condition is rarely observed as it is incompatible with life.
Most of those seen in the clinic have their origin in some part of the ventricular wall.
In evidence that there could be no such openings he pointed out that, since the two ventricles contract at the same time, this process would impede rather than facilitate such an intra-ventricular passage of blood.
Remove part of the wall of the right auricle, and examine the right auriculo-ventricular opening.
The ventricular cavity should now be opened up as far as the aorta, and the semilunar valves examined.
As soon as the beat of the ventricles is over and the ventricular muscle relaxes, the blood which has accumulated in the auricles presses the intake valve open and blood begins to flow through it directly into the ventricle.
The false cords or ventricular bands (a name given to them by Mackenzie) are the lower edges of membranous folds that form the upper entrance to the larynx.
Above the glottis and on opposite sides are two pockets or ventricles, and above these are the so-called false cords or ventricular bands.
By the word "heart" Harvey means sometimes the ventricular mass without the auricles and sometimes the ventricular mass and the auricles taken together.
Hence it is uncertain whether the above reference be to auricles left attached to the body or removed with the ventricular mass.
We ask ourselves whether it is structural or whether it is functional, that is, due to relaxation and dilatation of the ventricular walls.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "ventricular" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
