It would seem that among groups of individuals where infection may be expected the proper procedure would be to prepare autogenous vaccines (Chapter XXX) from members of the group and vaccinate all with the object of protecting them.
Just at present progress in serum therapy appears to be at a standstill, though vaccines are giving good results in many instances not believed possible a few years ago.
If vaccines are used at all in general infections they should be given in the early stages and in small doses at first with close watch as to the effect.
If the above statements are borne in mind and vaccines are made and administered accordingly, the author is well satisfied that much better results will be secured.
It was claimed that the reaction following injection of these vaccines was less severe than with saline vaccines in many instances; also, that the bacteria were much more slowly absorbed.
Stock vaccines are made up from organisms like the infective agent in a given case but derived from some other person or animal or from laboratory cultures.
Commercial vaccines are "stock" vaccinesand are usually "polyvalent" or even "mixed.
Gamaleia and Bardach, former pupils of his, were entrusted with the preparation of vaccines and preventive inoculations.
Roux and Salimbeni, he had found that it is by soluble poisons that the cholera vibrions harm the organism or kill it, but that small doses of the same poisons are vaccines and make the blood of the vaccinated animal antitoxic.
If the form of sepsis is not determinable, streptococcic or staphylococcic vaccines might be administered.
Exactly how much harm such injections of unnecessary vaccines can produce in a patient is a question that has not been definitely decided.
Streptococcus viridons, by antogenous vaccineshas confirmed his opinion.
Sir Almroth Wright has shown that the use of such vaccines may be of service even after infection has occurred, especially when the resulting disease is localized.
Cultures of varying degree of virulence may be obtained by such methods, and immunity can be gradually increased by inoculation with vaccines of increasing virulence.
In regulating the administration of such vaccines he has introduced the method of observing the opsonic index, to which reference is made below.
We will developvaccines to fight anthrax and other deadly diseases.
Today, I propose a tax credit to speed the development of vaccines for diseases like malaria, TB and AIDS.
We must work to prepare local communities for biological and chemical emergencies, to support research into vaccines and treatments.
Some vaccinesand antitoxins are administered in this way.
Serums and vaccines have also been prepared and sold as cures and preventives, but the work is still considered in the experimental stage.
These vaccines are used with an interval of 10 days between the injections, the dose being 1 cubic centimeter at each injection.
In all forms of vaccination against anthrax in sheep the greatest care must be exercised, as these animals are very susceptible to the disease, and at times vaccines which have no ill effects on cattle will prove fatal to sheep.
Bacterial vaccines are at present extensively used in the control of this disease, and while numerous reports indicate beneficial results from their administration, in other instances total failures have been recorded.
The unscientific character of mixed vaccines and of the mixed filtered products of a number of vaccines marketed as “Phylacogens” has been especially emphasized and the danger from their indiscriminate use pointed out.
If the tissues are infected with pus organisms, a course ofvaccines should precede the operation.
Vaccines are best introduced subcutaneously, a part being selected which is not liable to pressure, as there is sometimes considerable local reaction.
Vaccines may be had recourse to in those of bacterial origin.
In other forms of infection, vaccines are employed to increase the opsonic power of the blood.
From 1886, these vaccines were prepared and sent out under the same conditions as the vaccines against charbon.
Lucknow came so early in the work of inoculation, that weak vaccines were used in small doses.
The influence of the vaccines was possibly further reduced, at the time of the epidemic, by a lapse of fourteen to fifteen months.
There are many other germ diseases and infections for which vaccines and bacterins may be used.
Black leg, anthrax and hog-cholera vaccines are valuable agents in the control of disease.
A knowledge of feeds, methods of feeding, care, sanitation and the use of such biological products as bacterins, vaccines and protective serums is of the greatest importance to the farmer and veterinarian.
The vaccines were cultivated on a solid medium, and when the crop of microbes was ready at the end of some twenty-four hours, they were washed off the surface of the medium and used as a kind of medicinal plant.
But, notwithstanding these happy results, the question of the application of vaccines to different breeds requires still further investigation, before the vaccination of pigs can become general.
Pasteur was obliged to start a small manufactory for the preparation of these vaccines in the Rue Vauquelin, a few paces from his laboratory.
What a future is presented to the mind in the thought that the virus and its vaccines are a living species, and that in this species there are all sorts of varieties susceptible of being fixed by artificial cultivation!
Ten of these sheep were not to receive any treatment; twenty-five were to be subjected to two vaccinal inoculations at intervals of from twelve to fifteen days, by two vaccines of unequal strength.
The sixth reference deals with the experimental production of appendicitis by the use of diplococci, and has not the most remote bearing on the use of vaccines in the treatment of rheumatism.
The Abbott Laboratories submitted specimens of the products, the advertising matter therefor and a considerable list of references to current literature; all of which was transmitted to the Committee on Serums and Vaccines for consideration.
Having been endorsed by the Committee on Serums and Vaccines the Council adopted the report and declared M.
In publishing these reports it is desirable that the attitude of the Council toward “mixed” vaccines again be stated.
McCoy, was appointed to consider the evidence available on the prophylactic and therapeutic use of vaccines against influenza.
This rule shall not apply to remedies with which self-medication is altogether improbable, to vaccines and antitoxins or to directions for administering or applying remedies when similar immediate, heroic treatment is indicated.
It appears that vaccines of this nature are in extensive use, but we have no evidence that any benefit will be derived from them.
It is stated that Proteogens are scientific preparations based on standard ingredients and that the standardization is more accurate than in serums, vaccines or toxins, etc.
Serums and Vaccines With respect to serums and vaccines in influenza, there are certain simple facts and considerations that physicians will do well to keep in mind at this times.
What is the status of the variousvaccines as a preventive or prophylactic measure?
I have watched people who were treated by means of drugs and the biologic products, such as serums, vaccines and bacterines, which are now so popular, and I have watched many who have been treated by natural methods.
The use of serums, bacterins, vaccines and other products of the biologic laboratory is almost an obsession today.
In order to lengthen, if possible, the period of immunity, the plan was formed of inoculating stronger vaccines and in higher doses.
The latter was done partly with vaccines cultivated on a solid medium, according to the older plan, and partly with vaccines prepared according to the plague inoculation method.
It will be remembered that the two vaccines finally obtained protected guinea pigs successfully against all possible forms of cholera infection.
Its protective properties are conceded to be somewhat superior to those of plague vaccines as the protection conferred is immediate, whereas plague vaccines do not protect until sometime after their administration.
Instead of broth cultures, normal salt solution suspensions of killed pest bacilli are usually used in vaccines at present.
Bacterial vaccines are now being prepared for the prevention of this disease and also for its cure, but to date the results are not convincing as to the beneficial action of these products.
Bacterial vaccines are now being extensively used for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
The bacterial vaccines in particular are being employed to a great extent, but the results are not uniformly satisfactory, especially with regard to prevention.
These vaccines are composed of several strains of the organisms usually found in these pustular infections of the horse.
For an account of the use of thesevaccines in hay fever, we will pass to the next chapter.
Used in connection with the treatment of hay fever, the word vaccine is confusing, for it has been applied to two totally different kinds of medicine, the bacterial vaccines and the pollen extracts.
Finally, ponder on the nature of hay fever, as discussed in Chapters VI to X, and the advisability of using vaccines or pollen extracts, and you will have done your whole duty by your patient and by your art.
We have two kinds of vaccines already, the cow-pox vaccine and the killed cultures of bacteria introduced by Wright.
I have no personal experience with the vaccines in the treatment of hay fever, though I know their value in ordinary catarrhal conditions.
However, bacterial vaccines are much safer than pollen extracts, the technique of their use is not as complicated and they are well worthy of trial in refractory cases if bacteria are demonstrated in the eyes and nose.
In the past few years, this observation has been confirmed and many cases of cure of "hay fever" by bacterial vaccines have been reported in the journals.
Vaccines for the prevention of the dread disease, small-pox, are now a matter of course.
Vaccines and specifics against the deadly tetanus, against typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, and other fearful diseases have become commonplace.
The best-known and oldest illustration of the use of these vaccines is that of smallpox.
Name the diseases for which we now have vaccines and antitoxins.
None of these vaccines is so powerful, or so certain in its effects, as the diphtheria antitoxin.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "vaccines" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
