Illustration: Map of North America, showing the parts under water in the Tertiary Era; the vertically lined is the Eocene.
The filling up of these lakes and the reclaiming of land from the Gulf of Mexico constituted the land-making work of Tertiary times.
The Arizona desert dates from no further back than early Tertiary times, as the limestone of the Cretaceous there present shows.
The inflorescence is a =panicle= when the spikelets are borne on secondary, tertiary or further subdivided branches.
Eugene Dubois, discovered in the year 1891 in the tertiarystrata of the island of Java.
Tertiary strata, it should be explained, had never hitherto yielded any fossils bordering on the human type, but this now famous skeleton was unmistakably akin to the human.
The same argument, as Gardner has ably shown, applies to the similarity of the Tertiaryplants of temperate Europe to those of Greenland.
Another point on which I have already insisted, and which has been found to apply to the Tertiary as well as to the Palæozoic floras, is the appearance of new types within the arctic and boreal areas, and their migration southward.
Specimens of this species have also been found in the older Tertiary of Greenland, so that it must have had a wide range.
In the Tertiary age the genus continued to exist, but the species seem to have been reduced to one, which is hardly to be distinguished from that now living.
It would seem that throughout the whole thickness of these Tertiary beds the flora is similar, so that it is probable it belongs altogether to the Eocene rather than to the Miocene.
Further, the mouth of the McKenzie River is in the same latitude with Disco, near which are some of the most celebrated localities of fossil Cretaceous andTertiary plants.
Now in the caves and late Tertiary or Post-Tertiary deposits of Australia the remains of many extinct mammalia have been found, but all are marsupials.
Only in the Upper Pliocene does the true Equus appear and complete the genealogy of the horse, which in the Post-Tertiary roamed over the whole of North and South America, and soon after became extinct.
It is also obvious that the progressive diminution of size and complexity in the antlers, from the present time back into the early Tertiary age, shows that we are approaching the zero of antler development in the Mid-Miocene.
The earliest known Tertiary mammals all had very small brains, and in some forms this organ was proportionally less than in certain reptiles.
The mine is a large one, and though of Tertiary age, contains very many interesting stones.
The hollows filled by the tertiary formation must be considered as the beds of estuaries left at the conclusion of the cretaceous period.
Such alternations occur in other examples of thetertiary formation likewise.
One remarkable circumstance connected with the tertiary formation remains to be noticed,--namely, the prevalence of volcanic action at that era.
Intervals in the series were numerous in the department of the pachydermata; many of these gaps are now filled up from the extinct genera found in the tertiary formation.
Such is an outline of the fauna of the tertiary era, as ascertained by the illustrious naturalists who first devoted their attention to it.
In the tertiary period miocene flora flourished in Spitzbergen, where even the lime, the juniper and poplars have been found near latitude 79 N.
From the position that the coal measures occupy, being entirely under the Secondary and Tertiary formations, it will be observed that they are very old.
Upper Chalk that an immense interval must have elapsed before those Tertiary deposits were in turn laid down.
Many of the chalk hills of Hertfordshire are strewn with outlying more recent deposits which prove that the lower Tertiary beds were more extensive in remote ages.
Fossil in Tertiary deposits of the Mediterranean; plastic clay of Greece and Sicily; living in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, Station 352, surface.
Fossil in Tertiaryrocks of the Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece, &c.
Between the latter and the former there are sometimes developed four tertiary columellae, as segments of two crossed incomplete diagonal rings (Tympanidium, Pl.
I found in the Tertiaryrocks of Caltanisetta (Sicily).
Fossil intertiary rocks of Barbados and North America (Richmond, Virginia).
At Schepetowka occurs a deposit of thin-bedded sandy limestone mixed with sand, containing numbers of marine shells of Tertiary age; this sand being employed at Antoniny and elsewhere as gravel.
The thermal effects increase as one passes from primary totertiary alcohols, the values deduced from propyl and isopropyl alcohols and trimethyl carbinol being:--primary = 45.
The geological formation is principally of volcanic rocks, with schists and tertiary limestone; and an early physical connexion of the islands with New Zealand is indicated by their geology and biology.
Polymethylenes can give only secondary and tertiary alcohols, benzene only tertiary; these latter compounds are known as phenols.
The combination of nitrogen with carbon may result in the formation of nitriles, cyanides, or primary, secondary or tertiary amines.
Ichthyornis also differed in the fact that its vertebræ have not the peculiar characters of the vertebræ of existing and of all known tertiary birds, but were concave at each end.
It is a matter of fact that the equine forms which I have described to you occur, in the order stated, in the Tertiary formations.
In other words, the tertiary birds come within the definition of the class constituted by existing birds, and are as much separated from reptiles as existing birds are.
Not very long ago no remains of birds had been found below the tertiary rocks, and I am not sure but that some persons were prepared to demonstrate that they could not have existed at an earlier period.
In Europe abundant remains of horses are found in the Quaternary and later Tertiary strata as far as the Pliocene formation.
Lyell to the middle division of the Tertiary strata.
An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama.
A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat, round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged spirally.
One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in equal strength and proportion.
A genus of very large extinct ruminants found in the Tertiary formation of India.
Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary age.
An order of extinct Mammalia found in the Tertiary formations.
A soft Tertiary sandstone; -- applied to a rock occurring in Switzerland.
The principal orchard districts are the valleys of the Darent and Medway, and the tertiary soils overlying the chalk, between Rochester and Canterbury.
On treatment with the Grignard reagent, in absolute ether solution, they yield addition products which are decomposed by water with production of tertiary alcohols (V.
In the last reaction complex addition products are formed, and must be quickly decomposed by water, otherwise tertiary alcohols are produced (A.
Fossil king-crabs have been recorded from strata of the Tertiaryand Secondary epochs, and related but less specialized types of the same order are found in rocks of Palaeozoic age.
In accordance with this, the legion of the Gamopetalae appear in the organic history of the earth later than all the main groups of the vegetable kingdom--in fact, not until the caenolithic or tertiary epoch.
We here meet with a very remarkable small group of animals, for the most part extinct, and which probably were the old tertiary (or eocene) ancestors of man.
Hence there arose a second legion of Osseous fish, the Physoclisti, which did not attain their actual development until the tertiary epoch, and soon far surpassed the Physostomi in variety.
Now, as fossil remains of these Placentalia are found only in the tertiary rocks, the human race can at the earliest have developed only within the Tertiary period out of perfected man-like apes.
All the other fossil remains of birds as yet known have been found in the tertiary strata.
It is probable indeed that the corporeal development of primaeval man out of man-like apes took place as far back as the earlier pliocene period, perhaps even in the miocene tertiary period.
For we only know of fossil remains of this order from the tertiary period, whereas the three preceding orders extend back to the oolites, and the four biting orders even to the coal period.
We may possibly still find their fossil bones in the tertiary rocks of southern Asia or Africa.
The problem was to discover in theTertiary period an ancestral form of man a predecessor of the man of historical times.
Mortillet's paper is said to have been that there could be no longer any doubt of the existence of the supposed ancestral form of man in the Tertiary period.
There were, he affirmed, unquestionably in the Tertiary strata objects which implied the existence of an intelligent being--animals less intelligent than existing man, but much more intelligent than existing apes.
Catalogue of the Cretaceous andTertiary Plants of North America.
From Siligoree I made a careful examination of the gravel beds that occur on the road north to the foot of the hills, and thence over the tertiary sandstone to Punkabaree.
In what portion of the tertiary period was the drift deposited What is the geographical range of the drift?
We have seen that very recently, probably about the close of the tertiary period, the portion of Europe and America over which the northern drift is found, has been depressed several hundred feet.
The Andes have been mostly elevated since the tertiary period, and are still rising.
It is yet doubtful whether the depression is equal to the elevation; that is, whether the amount of land remains nearly constant, or whether there has been an augmentation of the dry land within the tertiary and recent periods.
The first evidence of the existence of mammalia in great numbers is in the tertiary period, when the pachydermata and edentata were so much more abundant than they have ever been since, and when the bimana first appear.
At the commencement of the tertiary period they became a mountain range, and at the close of that period they were thrown up some two thousand feet higher, to their present position.
The formations of the tertiary period are distinguished from those of the cretaceous period by the absence of deep-sea fossils, and from the oolite by the absence of its characteristic saurians.
How are the tertiary deposits distinguished from the older formations?
It must therefore be admitted that the interval between the middle tertiary and the modern era was one of great cold.
Before the close of the tertiary period, a change occurred, and probably a rapid one, to a more rigorous climate than now exists.
Whilst some of these southern and western strata are referred to the Tertiary period, there has been no systematic study of their geologic relations.
Some of the coals found in the most southern part of the field, and on the Coast Range, are referred to the Tertiary period.
The above list will hopefully give you a few useful examples demonstrating the appropriate usage of "tertiary" in a variety of sentences. We hope that you will now be able to make sentences using this word.
